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公开(公告)号：US4737253A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-12
申请号：US896465
申请日：1986-08-13
申请人： Adam J. Gesing , David N. Mitchell , Peter A. Wales , Douglas N. Reesor , Ernest W. Dewing , Douglas J. Wheeler , Donald L. De Respiris , Joseph K. Walker
发明人： Adam J. Gesing , David N. Mitchell , Peter A. Wales , Douglas N. Reesor , Ernest W. Dewing , Douglas J. Wheeler , Donald L. De Respiris , Joseph K. Walker
摘要： In an aluminium reduction cell including a cell lining and embedded therein at least one cathode current collector including a high temperature section comprising an electrically conducting refractory material such as titanium diboride, generally in conjunction with molten aluminium metal, corrosion is a problem. The invention provides a substance to protect the collector section. The substance may be a liquid impermeable layer e.g. particulate material impregnated with a molten fluoride-or chloride-containing salt mixture; for a getter such as particulate aluminium to react chemically with gaseous corrosive species. Combinations of these substances may be used, optionally in conjunction with a solid layer such as an alumina or aluminium metal tube.
摘要翻译： 在包括电池衬垫的铝还原电池中，包含至少一个阴极集电器的至少一个阴极集电器包括高温部分，该高温部分包括通常与熔融铝金属结合的二硼化钛的导电耐火材料，腐蚀是一个问题。 本发明提供一种保护收集器部分的物质。 该物质可以是液体不可渗透层，例如 用含氟化物或含氯化物的盐混合物浸渍的颗粒材料; 用于诸如颗粒状铝的吸气剂与气体腐蚀物质化学反应。 可以使用这些物质的组合，任选地与诸如氧化铝或铝金属管的固体层结合使用。
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公开(公告)号：US4612103A
公开(公告)日：1986-09-16
申请号：US675732
申请日：1984-11-28
申请人： Ernest W. Dewing , Adam J. Gesing , Thomas J. Hudson , Louis J. Manfredo , Douglas J. Wheeler , William R. Bennett , Thomas M. Clere
发明人： Ernest W. Dewing , Adam J. Gesing , Thomas J. Hudson , Louis J. Manfredo , Douglas J. Wheeler , William R. Bennett , Thomas M. Clere
摘要： An aluminium reduction cell includes an anode 10, electrolyte 12, a cathode 14, a potlining 16 which may be of alumina and cathode current collectors embedded therein. The collectors include a section comprising a major proportion by volume of bodies 22, e.g. of titanium diboride or a TiB.sub.2 /Al cermet, joined or surrounded by aluminium, the section being so positioned that the aluminium is at least partly fluid when the cell is in operation. The bodies, which are preferably close-packed, may be cubic or cuboid or in the form of sheets or thin slabs arranged with their major faces parallel to one another and to the axis of the collector section. The collectors show good electrical conductivity together with satisfactory resistance to magnetic stirring and impact and transverse forces.
摘要翻译： 铝还原电池包括阳极10，电解质12，阴极14，可以是氧化铝的阴极16和嵌入其中的阴极集电器。 收集器包括一个包含主体体积的主体22的部分，例如。 二硼化钛或由铝连接或围绕的二硼化钛或TiB2 / Al金属陶瓷，该部分被定位成使得当电池处于运行时铝至少部分是流体的。 优选紧密堆积的主体可以是立方体或长方体，或者是以它们的主表面彼此平行并且与收集器部分的轴线相排列的薄片或薄板的形式。 收集器显示出良好的导电性，同时具有令人满意的磁力搅拌和冲击力和横向力的阻力。
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公开(公告)号：US4405415A
公开(公告)日：1983-09-20
申请号：US308472
申请日：1981-10-05
申请人： Ernest W. Dewing , Adam J. Gesing
发明人： Ernest W. Dewing , Adam J. Gesing
摘要： In a process for refining Al or Mg a stream of relatively impure molten metal is passed along one face of a grille separator having interstices of the order of 0.1-1 cm in width. The interstices are filled with a molten salt electrolyte adapted to transport ions of the selected metal (Al or Mg) to a body of refined metal on the opposite side of the separator. The relatively impure metal is made in the anode and the refined metal is the cathode. Refined metal is progressively withdrawn from the cathode. The grille separator may be arranged substantially vertical or substantially horizontal, usually with slight inclination. Passages are preferably provided in the separator to allow escape of gas generated at a metal/electrolyte interface.
摘要翻译： 在精炼Al或Mg的过程中，相对不纯的熔融金属的流沿具有宽度为0.1-1cm量级的间隙的格栅分离器的一个表面通过。 间隙填充有适于将选定金属（Al或Mg）的离子输送到分离器相对侧上的精制金属体的熔融盐电解质。 在阳极中制造相对不纯的金属，精制金属是阴极。 精制金属从阴极逐渐取出。 格栅分离器可以布置成基本垂直或基本上水平，通常具有轻微的倾斜。 优选地在分离器中提供通道以允许逸出在金属/电解质界面处产生的气体。
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4.发明授权Process and apparatus for melting metals and composites while reducing losses due to oxidation 失效用于熔化金属和复合材料的工艺和设备，同时减少氧化造成的损失
公开(公告)号：US5409580A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-25
申请号：US88803
申请日：1993-07-08
申请人： Adam J. Gesing , Alan D. McLeod , Ernest W. Dewing
发明人： Adam J. Gesing , Alan D. McLeod , Ernest W. Dewing
摘要： A process and apparatus for melting metals that react rapidly with air at elevated temperatures to form a stable metal oxide and/or that contains a metal oxide prior to being exposed to elevated temperature, while reducing metal losses due to oxidation or the presence of the oxides. The process involves melting the metal in the presence of a molten metal salt metal salt mixture while electrolyzing metal oxide contained in the salt metal salt mixture to convert the oxide to elemental metal. The process requires an metal salt mixture which contains at least 25% by weight, and more preferably 100% by weight, of metal fluoride and which, for the metal being melted, has a composition which remains substantially unchanged during the electrolysis process. The fluoride improves oxide solubility in the metal salt mixture, making it possible to increase current densities without producing anode effects. The stable composition makes it possible to use the metal salt mixture for prolonged periods without change. The apparatus consists of a single vessel having an interior volume divided at least into a melting zone and an electrolysis zone by a heat-resistant partition which allows the metal salt mixture to be recirculated between those zones. The process and apparatus can be used for melting metals, metal matrix composites reinforced by metal oxides and metal foams stabilized by metal oxide particles.
摘要翻译： 一种用于熔化在升高的温度下与空气快速反应以形成稳定的金属氧化物的金属和/或在暴露于高温之前含有金属氧化物的金属的方法和装置，同时减少由于氧化或氧化物的存在导致的金属损失 。 该方法包括在熔融金属盐金属盐混合物的存在下熔化金属，同时电解包含在盐金属盐混合物中的金属氧化物以将氧化物转化为元素金属。 该方法需要含有至少25重量％，更优选100重量％的金属氟化物的金属盐混合物，并且对于被熔化的金属具有在电解过程中基本保持不变的组成。 氟化物改善了金属盐混合物中的氧化物溶解度，使得可以增加电流密度而不产生阳极效应。 稳定的组合物使得可以长时间地使用金属盐混合物而不改变。 该装置由具有至少分成熔融区域的内部容积和通过耐热隔板的电解区域的单个容器组成，其允许金属盐混合物在这些区域之间再循环。 该方法和装置可用于熔融金属，金属氧化物增强的金属基复合材料和金属氧化物颗粒稳定的金属泡沫。
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公开(公告)号：US4613418A
公开(公告)日：1986-09-23
申请号：US675718
申请日：1984-11-28
摘要： An aluminium reduction cell includes a potlining 16, which may be of alumina, with cathode current collectors 24, 32 embedded therein. The cell floor has an array of depressions 22 with at least one collector at the bottom of each depression. The depressions are filled with metal-wettable bodies 20, e.g. 5-20 mm diameter balls of titanium diboride, sized to prevent the entry of electrolyte or sludge. The depressions may be elongate in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal magnetic field in the cell.
摘要翻译： 铝还原电池包括可以是氧化铝的罐衬16，其中嵌有阴极集电器24,32。 电池底板具有凹陷22的阵列，每个凹陷的底部具有至少一个收集器。 凹陷处填充有金属可湿性体20，例如 5-20毫米直径的二硼化钛球，其大小可防止电解液或污泥进入。 凹陷可以在垂直于电池中的水平磁场的方向上延伸。
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公开(公告)号：US4495047A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-22
申请号：US391405
申请日：1982-06-23
申请人： Adam J. Gesing , Ernest W. Dewing
发明人： Adam J. Gesing , Ernest W. Dewing
CPC分类号： C25C3/08
摘要： In an electrolytic reduction cell for the production of a molten metal by electrolysis of a molten electrolyte, the product metal collects on a cathodic carbon floor having embedded steel current collector bars for leading out the cathodic current. In order to reduce the wave motion of the metal due to interaction of horizontal currents in the product metal with the magnetic fields due to currents in conductors associated with the cell, electrically non-conductive barrier members are arranged on the floor of the cell transversely of horizontal currents in the product metal. Such barrier members have at least a surface layer of material resistant to product metal and extend upwardly from the cell floor to a height approximating to the normal maximum operating level of product metal.
摘要翻译： 在通过电解熔融电解液生产熔融金属的电解还原电池中，产品金属集合在具有嵌入式钢集电棒的阴极碳底板上，用于引出阴极电流。 为了减少由于与电池相关联的导体中的电流而产生金属中的水平电流与磁场的相互作用的金属的波动，电绝缘阻挡构件横向放置在电池的底板上 产品金属中的水平电流。 这种阻挡构件至少具有耐产品金属的材料的表面层，并从电池底板向上延伸到接近产品金属的正常最大工作水平的高度。
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公开(公告)号：US5813543A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-29
申请号：US689090
申请日：1996-08-05
申请人： Adam J. Gesing , Tom Shaw
发明人： Adam J. Gesing , Tom Shaw
CPC分类号： B07C5/34
摘要： A method of sequentially sorting pieces of material in real-time into output bins where each piece has a composition defined by a plurality of control elements. Each piece is analyzed to determine the concentrations of each control element in the piece. The output bins are assigned target concentrations of the control elements that are defined by customer requirements. The method establishes a bin order used during composition checking to place each piece in a selected bin. The selected bin is the highest order bin that can accept a piece while retaining the actual concentration for each control element of the selected bin within the target concentration for each control element of the selected bin. To optimize the value of the input material to be sorted the bin order is established for each piece based on real-time sort parameters that can determine via global optimization of data from similar input material. Global optimization gives best blends of the known unique compositions and weights of the similar input material to maximize the aggregate value of the prescribed output compositions.
摘要翻译： 一种将材料实时顺序排列到输出箱中的方法，其中每个件具有由多个控制元件定义的组成。 分析每个片段以确定片中每个控制元素的浓度。 输出箱被分配由客户要求定义的控制元件的目标浓度。 该方法建立在组合检查期间使用的仓单，以将每个作品放置在选定的仓中。 所选择的仓是可以接受一个物料的最高订单仓，同时将所选仓仓的每个控制元件的实际浓度保持在所选仓仓的每个控制元件的目标浓度内。 为了优化要排序的输入材料的值，基于可以通过来自相似输入材料的数据的全局优化来确定的实时排序参数，为每个片段建立箱单。 全局优化给出了相似输入材料的已知独特组成和重量的最佳混合，以最大化规定输出组合物的总体值。
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8.发明授权Production of ceramic and ceramic-metal composite articles with surface coatings 失效生产具有表面涂层的陶瓷和陶瓷 - 金属复合制品
公开(公告)号：US5516595A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-14
申请号：US341336
申请日：1994-11-16
申请人： Marc S. Newkirk , Adam J. Gesing , Michael A. Rocazella , Christopher R. Kennedy , Daniel J. Frydrych , Robert A. Wolffe , Paul V. Kelsey , Alvin P. Gerk
发明人： Marc S. Newkirk , Adam J. Gesing , Michael A. Rocazella , Christopher R. Kennedy , Daniel J. Frydrych , Robert A. Wolffe , Paul V. Kelsey , Alvin P. Gerk
IPC分类号： C04B35/65 , C04B41/50 , C04B41/51 , C04B41/87 , C04B41/88 , C22C1/10 , C22C29/12 , F41H5/04 , B32B18/00
CPC分类号： C22C1/1036 , C04B35/652 , C04B41/5053 , C04B41/51 , C04B41/87 , C04B41/88 , C22C29/12 , F41H5/0414 , C22C2001/1063 , Y10T428/249957 , Y10T428/24997 , Y10T428/249975 , Y10T428/249986 , Y10T428/24999 , Y10T428/31504 , Y10T428/31511 , Y10T428/3154
摘要： The invention comprises a method of making self-supporting ceramic and ceramic composite structures by the oxidation reaction of a body of molten parent metal precursor with a vapor-phase oxidant to form an oxidation reaction product. This reaction or growth is continued to form a thick, self-supporting ceramic or ceramic composite body. The body is recovered and in a separate subsequent operation, at least a portion of a surface is coated with one or more materials in order to effect desired changes in the properties of the surface, e.g., hardness, corrosion resistance.
摘要翻译： 本发明包括通过熔融母体金属前驱体与气相氧化剂的氧化反应制备自支撑陶瓷和陶瓷复合结构以形成氧化反应产物的方法。 该反应或生长继续形成厚的自支撑陶瓷或陶瓷复合体。 回收本体，并且在单独的随后的操作中，表面的至少一部分涂覆有一种或多种材料，以便实现表面性能的期望变化，例如硬度，耐腐蚀性。
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公开(公告)号：US4790873A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-13
申请号：US941515
申请日：1986-12-12
申请人： Adam J. Gesing , Martin R. Reeve , Ghyslain Dube
发明人： Adam J. Gesing , Martin R. Reeve , Ghyslain Dube
CPC分类号： B01D39/2072 , C22B21/066 , C22B9/023 , Y02P10/234
摘要： The invention provides a method of removing inclusions from molten metal, particularly aluminum, by(a) contacting the molten metal with a medium which retains metal-non-wettable inclusions. The medium may be liquid such as a fused salt mixture; or solid such as a filter or metal-non-wettable ceramic materials or a bed of granules e.g. of tabular alumina,(b) passing the molten metal through a filter of metal-wettable material, e.g. a refractory hard metal such as titanium diboride. The metal-wettable filter attracts and holds metal wettable inclusions within itself, and may also prevent by surface tension the entry of fused salt droplets.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种通过（a）使熔融金属与保持金属不可湿性夹杂物的介质接触来从熔融金属，特别是铝中除去夹杂物的方法。 介质可以是液体，例如熔融盐混合物; 或固体，例如过滤器或金属不可润湿的陶瓷材料或颗粒床，例如 的平板状氧化铝，（b）使熔融金属通过金属可润湿材料的过滤器，例如， 难熔硬质金属如二硼化钛。 金属可湿性过滤器本身吸引并保持金属可湿性夹杂物，并且还可以通过表面张力防止熔融盐液滴的进入。
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公开(公告)号：US5082807A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-21
申请号：US414191
申请日：1989-09-28
CPC分类号： C04B35/5611 , C04B35/5622 , C04B35/65 , C04B35/652
摘要： A method for manufacture of Group IVB metal carbide ceramic composites is provided wherein a permeable mass of filler and carbon is contacted with a molten Group IVB metal. The molten metal is maintained in contact with the permeable mass for a sufficient period to infiltrate the permeable mass and to react the molten metal with the carbon source to form a Group IVB metal carbide composite. The permeable mass may comprise a Group IVB metal carbide, or other inert filler, or a combination of filler materials.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于制造第IVB族金属碳化物陶瓷复合材料的方法，其中填充物和碳的可渗透物质与熔融的IVB族金属接触。 熔融金属与可渗透物质保持接触足够的时间以渗透可渗透物质并使熔融金属与碳源反应形成第IVB族金属碳化物复合物。 可渗透物质可以包含第IVB族金属碳化物或其它惰性填料或填料材料的组合。
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