Abstract:
A control system for a torque converter includes a lockup clutch provided in the converter for connecting input and output shafts of the torque converter directly. The lockup clutch includes an engaging chamber and a releasing chamber. The control system further includes a lockup shift valve for selectively switching communication between a fluid line, having a predetermined pressure, and the engaging chamber and communication between the fluid line and the releasing chamber. A lockup control valve is provided for controlling a pressure difference between fluid pressures in the engaging chamber and the releasing chamber and a control valve is provided for controlling the lockup clutch so that it engages completely. A first on-off solenoid valve controls the lockup shift valve, a duty solenoid valve controls the lockup control valve, and a second on-off solenoid valve controls the control valve.
Abstract:
An automobile automatic transmission shift control system, for causing a specific gear shift by unlocking a first frictional element with a simultaneously with locking a second frictional element, discharges locking pressure from the first frictional element in such a way that the locking pressure is throttled after it has dropped below a specified level of pressure.
Abstract:
An automatic transmission control system having a hydraulic control circuit for supplying operating pressure selectively to a plurality of friction coupling elements to place the transmission in desired gears includes a pressure generator for generating operating pressure and supplying it to specific coupling elements which operate in response to operating pressure at different highest levels and an accumulator having a spring loaded piston which provides an increase in operating pressure at a rate variable according to movement of the piston, the rate being greater for greater piston movement as compared with for smaller piston movement, the accumulator being brought into communication selectively with the specific coupling elements by means of a switching element.
Abstract:
On an input shaft are provided in order from a side of an engine a torque converter with a lock-up clutch, a first planetary gear set as a multiplying mechanism, a counter drive gear outputting a rotational drive force to a countershaft, a second planetary gear set as a speed-change element, a third planetary gear set as a speed-change element. Accordingly, there can be provided an automatic transmission for six forward speeds with plural planetary gear sets, clutches and brakes that can properly reduce a clutch capacity and restrain gear noises with its compact and light-weighted structure.
Abstract:
The present invention provides an apparatus for producing hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate and method for producing hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate, which can maintain high sealing performance even if the maintenance frequency of the blowdown valve is reduced. The apparatus for producing hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate of the present invention has a reaction vessel for synthesizing hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate, which has a blowdown valve placed in the reaction vessel, and the blowdown valve is opened when discharging contents of the reaction vessel and is a ball valve. The method of producing hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate of the present invention involves producing hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate using the aforementioned apparatus for producing hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate.
Abstract:
A hub and a drum are respectively provided inside and outside a forward clutch (multiple-disc clutch) of an automatic transmission for a vehicle. A piston for pushing the forward clutch and a hydraulic servo for controlling the piston are provided inside the hub. A plurality of notched portions are formed in the piston and the hub with the positions thereof displaced from each other in the peripheral direction so that the piston and the hub are overlapped with each other in the axial direction in such a fashion that parts of one of the piston and the hub where no notched portions are formed are inserted into the notched portions of the other.
Abstract:
A method of producing a methacrylic acid ester which comprises carrying out an ester-exchange reaction between methyl methacrylate and an alcohol or a phenol while removing by-product methanol as an azeotropic mixture with methyl methacrylate from the reaction system under reflux conditions, by the use of a reaction apparatus equipped with a distillation column. A methacrylic acid ester is produced with a good productivity by controlling the reflux ratio.
Abstract:
In an automatic transmission (AT) in which an input shaft (Input) and an output gear (Output) are disposed on the same axis and three clutches (C1-C3) and two brakes (B1, B2) are selectively operated to provide six forward speeds, first and second planetary gear sets (GS1, GS2) are configured to consistently reduce the speed of input rotation and output the speed-reduced rotation, thereby enabling downsizing of them. The first and second planetary gear sets (GS1, GS2) are arranged in a transmission case at both the axial ends thereof. Third and fourth planetary gear sets (GS3, GS4) are connected to each other to have four rotation elements in combination, thereby constituting a Simpson planetary gear train. One of the four rotation elements (a fourth carrier (PC4) in an illustrated example) is connected to the output gear (Output). Rotations input and reduced in speed by the first and second planetary gear sets (GS1, GS2) are input to sun gears (S3, S4) of the third and fourth planetary gear sets (GS3, GS4), respectively. First to third clutches (C1-C3) and a first brake (B1) are arranged to surround the first and second planetary gear sets (GS1, GS2).
Abstract:
Disclosed are novel N-oxyl compounds of the following formula (1). wherein n is an integer of 1 to 18; R1 and R2 are each hydrogen or methyl, but at least one of them is hydrogen; R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each a straight-chain or branched alkyl group; and R7 is hydrogen or (meth)acryloyl. When these compounds are added to vinyl monomers such as &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acids and esters thereof, they exhibit a satisfactory polymerization-inhibiting effect even at low contents and even at elevated temperatures.
Abstract:
An apparatus for recording and/or reproducing information on or from a tape includes a rotary drum unit having a rotary drum which has at least one head and a fixed drum which is arranged to rotatably support the rotary drum, and a loading member arranged to wrap the tape around the outer circumferential surfaces of the rotary drum and the fixed drum. The rotary drum unit is arranged such that, at a tape wrapping start point where the tape begins to be wrapped around the rotary drum, an upper end part of the rotary drum is located between an upper edge of the tape at the tape wrapping start point and an end part of a recording track formed as an effective signal recording area on the tape.