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    System and method for providing interactive haptic collision detection
    3.
    发明授权
    System and method for providing interactive haptic collision detection 失效
    提供交互式触觉碰撞检测的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US06714213B1

    公开(公告)日：2004-03-30

    申请号：US09617971

    申请日：2000-10-05

    申请人： Steven Eric Lithicum ,  Russell Scott Blue ,  Christopher Richard Volpe ,  Ricardo Scott Avila ,  James Vradenburg Miller

    发明人： Steven Eric Lithicum ,  Russell Scott Blue ,  Christopher Richard Volpe ,  Ricardo Scott Avila ,  James Vradenburg Miller

    IPC分类号： G06T1500

    CPC分类号： G06T15/00 ,  G06T17/00 ,  G06T2210/21

    摘要： The present invention is directed toward providing interactive haptic collision detection between a stationary and a moving object in a virtual reality environment. A user grasps the arm of a haptic device and manipulates an object as viewed on a virtual reality display. As any portion of the manipulated object comes too close to the surface of the stationary object, the haptic device imposes feedback forces against the user's efforts that increase in magnitude as the user manipulates the object beyond a force boundary proximate to the surface of the stationary object. The feedback forces are applied directionally in line with the shortest path between the surfaces at risk of collision. Several measures can be implemented by the user to reduce the computation load involved in constantly comparing the distances between points on the surface of the movable object and points on the surface of the stationary object without seriously compromising the collision detection and avoidance functions of the system. Furthermore, while the invention provides for up to six degrees of freedom for manipulating objects and providing haptic feedback, the system also accommodates three degrees of haptic freedom and feedback, with the additional three degrees of rotational feedback being provided visibly or audibly.

    摘要翻译： 本发明旨在在虚拟现实环境中提供固定和移动物体之间的交互式触觉碰撞检测。 用户抓住触觉装置的手臂并且在虚拟现实显示器上观察时操纵对象。 随着被操纵物体的任何部分太靠近静止物体的表面，触觉装置对用户的努力施加反作用力，当使用者操纵物体超过固定物体表面的力界面 。 反馈力按照碰撞风险的表面之间的最短路径进行定向应用。 用户可以采取多种措施来减少持续比较可移动物体表面上的点与固定物体表面上的点之间的距离所涉及的计算负荷，而不会严重影响系统的碰撞检测和回避功能。 此外，尽管本发明提供用于操纵物体和提供触觉反馈的多达六个自由度，但是该系统还容纳三度的触觉自由度和反馈，另外三度旋转反馈被可视地或可听见地提供。

    Volume imaging system
    4.
    发明授权
    Volume imaging system 失效
    体积成像系统

    公开(公告)号：US06947584B1

    公开(公告)日：2005-09-20

    申请号：US09418142

    申请日：1999-10-14

    申请人： Ricardo Scott Avila ,  James Vradenburg Miller ,  Robert Franklin Senzig ,  Hui David He ,  Darin Robert Okerlund

    发明人： Ricardo Scott Avila ,  James Vradenburg Miller ,  Robert Franklin Senzig ,  Hui David He ,  Darin Robert Okerlund

    IPC分类号： G06K9/00

    CPC分类号： G06T19/00 ,  G06T2210/41 ,  Y10S128/916 ,  Y10S128/922

    摘要： A volume imaging system which progressively constructs, analyzes, and updates three dimensional models while acquiring cross-sectional data is described. The system constructs and displays three-dimensional renderings, and performs quantitative calculations in real time during the imaging system data collection process, displays interactive three-dimensional renderings in a traditional post-data collection process, as well as prescribes, archives, films, and transmits rendering procedures, parameters, renderings, measurements, and processed data, during data collection and post-acquisition.

    摘要翻译： 描述了在获取横截面数据的同时逐步构造，分析和更新三维模型的体积成像系统。 系统构建和显示三维渲染，并在成像系统数据采集过程中实时执行定量计算，在传统的后数据采集过程中显示交互式三维渲染，以及处方，存档，影片和 在数据采集和采集之后传输渲染过程，参数，渲染，测量和处理的数据。

    System and method for detecting an object by dynamically adjusting computational load
    5.
    发明授权
    System and method for detecting an object by dynamically adjusting computational load 有权
    通过动态调整计算负荷来检测物体的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US07889835B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-02-15

    申请号：US10737887

    申请日：2003-12-18

    申请人： Robert August Kaucic ,  Ricardo Scott Avila ,  Samit Kumar Basu ,  Forrest Frank Hopkins

    发明人： Robert August Kaucic ,  Ricardo Scott Avila ,  Samit Kumar Basu ,  Forrest Frank Hopkins

    IPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  A61B6/03

    CPC分类号： G01V5/0016 ,  G01V5/005 ,  Y10S378/901

    摘要： A system and method for ascertaining the identity of an object within an enclosed article. The system includes an acquisition subsystem, a reconstruction subsystem, a computer-aided detection (CAD) subsystem, and an alarm resolution subsystem. The acquisition subsystem communicates view data to the reconstruction subsystem, which reconstructs it into image data and communicates it to the CAD subsystem. The CAD subsystem analyzes the image data to ascertain whether it contains any area of interest. A feedback loop between the reconstruction and CAD subsystems allows for continued, more extensive analysis of the object. Other information, such as risk variables or trace chemical detection information may be communicated to the CAD subsystem to dynamically adjust the computational load of the analysis.

    摘要翻译： 用于确定封闭物品内物体的身份的系统和方法。 该系统包括采集子系统，重建子系统，计算机辅助检测（CAD）子系统和报警解析子系统。 采集子系统将视图数据传送到重建子系统，将其重建为图像数据并将其传送到CAD子系统。 CAD子系统分析图像数据，以确定它是否包含任何感兴趣的区域。 重建和CAD子系统之间的反馈循环允许对对象进行持续更广泛的分析。 其他信息，如风险变量或痕量化学检测信息可以传达给CAD子系统，以动态调整分析的计算负荷。

    Method and apparatus for displaying 3D ultrasound data using three modes of operation
    6.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for displaying 3D ultrasound data using three modes of operation 失效
    使用三种操作模式显示3D超声数据的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US5934288A

    公开(公告)日：1999-08-10

    申请号：US65211

    申请日：1998-04-23

    申请人： Ricardo Scott Avila ,  Lisa Sobierajski Avila ,  Brian Peter Geiser ,  William Thomas Hatfield ,  Todd Michael Tillman

    发明人： Ricardo Scott Avila ,  Lisa Sobierajski Avila ,  Brian Peter Geiser ,  William Thomas Hatfield ,  Todd Michael Tillman

    IPC分类号： A61B8/06 ,  G01S7/52 ,  G06T1/00 ,  G06T15/08 ,  G06T19/20 ,  A61B8/00

    CPC分类号： G01S7/52073 ,  G01S7/52034 ,  A61B8/06

    摘要： A method and an apparatus for allowing the operator of an ultrasound imaging system to switch between two-dimensional slices and three-dimensional projections in such a way that it is easy for the operator to visualize the relationship of the two-dimensional slice to the three-dimensional anatomy. In a "volume rotate" mode, the display screen displays an orientation box along with a three-dimensional projected image generated from a defined data volume. The orientation box provides a visual indication of the shape and orientation of that defined data volume. In a "cut plane" mode, a movable polygon representing a selected two-dimensional slice is displayed inside a stationary orientation box. The polygon provides a visual indication of the orientation and position of the slice relative to the defined data volume. In a "cut plane rotate" mode, a stationary polygon representing a selected two-dimensional slice is displayed inside a rotatable orientation box.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于允许超声成像系统的操作者在二维切片和三维投影之间切换的方法和装置，使得操作者易于将二维切片与三维切片的关系可视化 维度解剖学。 在“音量旋转”模式下，显示屏幕显示方向框以及从定义的数据量生成的三维投影图像。 方向框提供了定义数据量的形状和方向的可视指示。 在“切割平面”模式中，在静止取向框内显示表示所选择的二维切片的可移动多边形。 多边形提供切片相对于定义的数据量的方向和位置的可视指示。 在“切平面旋转”模式中，将表示所选择的二维切片的固定多边形显示在可旋转取向框内。

    Tomographic segmentation
    7.
    发明授权
    Tomographic segmentation 有权
    断层分割

    公开(公告)号：US06744911B1

    公开(公告)日：2004-06-01

    申请号：US09721194

    申请日：2000-11-22

    申请人： Ricardo Scott Avila ,  Christopher Richard Volpe

    发明人： Ricardo Scott Avila ,  Christopher Richard Volpe

    IPC分类号： G06K900

    CPC分类号： G06T7/11 ,  G06T2207/10081 ,  G06T2207/30008

    摘要： A method for segmenting an input volume in accordance with at least one selected characteristic comprises the steps of casting a plurality of rays along a plurality of views of the input volume, identifying regions corresponding to the selected characteristic within each ray, and processing the identified regions to generate an output volume indicating regions having the selected characteristic.

    摘要翻译： 根据至少一个所选择的特征来分割输入音量的方法包括以下步骤：沿着输入音量的多个视图投射多个光线，识别与每个射线内的所选特征对应的区域，以及处理所识别的区域 以产生指示具有所选特征的区域的输出体积。

    Method and apparatus for calibrating rotational offsets in ultrasound transducer scans
    8.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for calibrating rotational offsets in ultrasound transducer scans 有权
    用于校准超声换能器扫描中的旋转偏移的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US06306092B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-10-23

    申请号：US09395273

    申请日：1999-09-13

    申请人： Boris Yamrom ,  William Thomas Hatfield ,  Joseph Edward Piel, Jr. ,  Ricardo Scott Avila

    发明人： Boris Yamrom ,  William Thomas Hatfield ,  Joseph Edward Piel, Jr. ,  Ricardo Scott Avila

    IPC分类号： A61B800

    CPC分类号： G01S15/8993 ,  G01S7/52034 ,  G01S7/52044 ,  G01S7/5205 ,  G01S7/5206 ,  G01S15/894 ,  Y10S128/916 ,  Y10T29/42

    摘要： The axis of rotational transducer array scans, because of imperfect transducer array assembly, may have two orthogonal offsets relative to the geometric center of the transducer array. Without knowledge of these offsets, it is not possible to convert rotational transducer scan data into a rectilinear (Euclidean) coordinate system, as is necessary for three-dimensional processing. Using spatial coherency between appropriate scan lines in different rotational transducer scans, the horizontal and vertical rotational offsets are calculated. These offsets are then utilized in converting the data to a rectilinear coordinate system for three-dimensional processing.

    摘要翻译： 由于不完美的换能器阵列组件，旋转传感器阵列扫描的轴可以相对于换能器阵列的几何中心具有两个正交偏移。 没有这些偏移的知识，不可能将旋转传感器扫描数据转换为直线（欧几里德）坐标系，这是三维处理所必需的。 在不同的旋转传感器扫描中，在适当的扫描线之间使用空间相干性，计算水平和垂直旋转偏移。 然后将这些偏移量用于将数据转换成用于三维处理的直线坐标系。

    Ray tracing through an ordered array
    9.
    发明授权
    Ray tracing through an ordered array 失效
    光线跟踪通过有序阵列

    公开(公告)号：US5821942A

    公开(公告)日：1998-10-13

    申请号：US622639

    申请日：1996-03-27

    申请人： Ricardo Scott Avila ,  Lisa Marie Sobierajski ,  Harvey Ellis Cline ,  William Edward Lorensen

    发明人： Ricardo Scott Avila ,  Lisa Marie Sobierajski ,  Harvey Ellis Cline ,  William Edward Lorensen

    IPC分类号： G06T15/06 ,  G06T15/50 ,  G06T15/40

    CPC分类号： G06T15/50 ,  G06T15/06

    摘要： A system for displaying sets of surface cubes with gradient vertex vectors first employs a pointer table constructed to order the surface cubes so as to generally cause a row by row and layer by layer ordering during model creation. During display, a viewpoint is selected and a scan controller causes cubes to be displayed according to this order of the pointer table. A test backprojection of cubes to image plane is performed to determine which pixels will be impinged by the cubes. For pixels which have not been updated, or pixels which have been updated by a less superficial cube than the current cube, projection rays are created through the center of impinged pixels in a direction opposite that of the backprojection. An intersection point of the ray with a surface within a current cube is determined. The data value and gradient vectors for the current cube are interpolated at this intersection point. These interpolated vector and value are then rendered to produce and image with less distortion and with less processing complexity.

    摘要翻译： 用于显示具有渐变顶点向量的表面立方体的集合的系统首先采用构造成对表面立方体进行排序的指针表，以便在模型创建期间通常逐行并逐层排序。 在显示期间，选择视点，并且扫描控制器根据指针表的顺序使多维数据集显示。 执行立方体到图像平面的测试反投影以确定哪些像素将被立方体撞击。 对于尚未更新的像素，或者由比当前立方体更少的表面立方体更新的像素，通过与背投影相反的方向通过撞击像素的中心创建投影光线。 确定射线与当前立方体内的表面的交点。 在该交点处插入当前立方体的数据值和梯度向量。 然后渲染这些内插向量和值以产生和图像，具有较少的失真和较少的处理复杂度。