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    Sharing memory pages having regular expressions within a virtual machine
    2.
    发明授权
    Sharing memory pages having regular expressions within a virtual machine 有权
    在虚拟机中共享具有正则表达式的内存页

    公开(公告)号：US09152573B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-10-06

    申请号：US13298214

    申请日：2011-11-16

    申请人： Yury Baskakov ,  Alexander Thomas Garthwaite

    发明人： Yury Baskakov ,  Alexander Thomas Garthwaite

    IPC分类号： G06F9/455 ,  G06F12/10

    CPC分类号： G06F9/45558 ,  G06F12/109 ,  G06F2009/45583 ,  G06F2212/151 ,  G06F2212/656

    摘要： A lightweight technique for sharing memory pages within a virtual machine (VM) is provided. This technique can be used on its own to implement intra-VM page sharing or it can be augmented with sharing across VMs. Memory pages whose content can be described by some succinct grammar, such as a regular expression or simple pattern, are identified for sharing within a VM. If the content of a page matches some simple pattern, it is proposed to share such a page, but only in the scope of the VM to which it belongs, i.e., intra-VM sharing. All other pages, i.e., those that are not simple patterns, can be candidates for sharing in the scope of all currently active VMs, i.e., inter-VM sharing. Either fully functional page sharing across VMs and/or page sharing in the context of each VM can be implemented.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于在虚拟机（VM）内共享内存页面的轻量级技术。 该技术可以自行使用来实现VM内页面共享，也可以通过跨VM共享进行扩充。 可以通过一些简洁的语法（如正则表达式或简单模式）描述其内容的内存页面，以便在VM内共享。 如果页面的内容匹配一些简单的模式，则建议共享这样的页面，但是仅在它所属的VM的范围内，即VM内共享。 所有其他页面，即不是简单模式的页面，可以是用于在所有当前活动的VM（即，VM间共享）的范围内共享的候选者。 可以实现在每个VM的上下文中跨VM的全功能页面共享和/或页面共享。

    Efficient online construction of miss rate curves
    3.
    发明授权
    Efficient online construction of miss rate curves 有权
    有效率在线构建失误率曲线

    公开(公告)号：US08694728B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-04-08

    申请号：US12942765

    申请日：2010-11-09

    申请人： Carl A. Waldspurger ,  Rajesh Venkatasubramanian ,  Alexander Thomas Garthwaite ,  Yury Baskakov ,  Puneet Zaroo

    发明人： Carl A. Waldspurger ,  Rajesh Venkatasubramanian ,  Alexander Thomas Garthwaite ,  Yury Baskakov ,  Puneet Zaroo

    IPC分类号： G06F12/00

    CPC分类号： G06F12/122 ,  G06F9/45558 ,  G06F11/3471 ,  G06F12/123 ,  G06F2009/45583 ,  G06F2201/815 ,  G06F2201/88

    摘要： Miss rate curves are constructed in a resource-efficient manner so that they can be constructed and memory management decisions can be made while the workloads are running. The resource-efficient technique includes the steps of selecting a subset of memory pages for the workload, maintaining a least recently used (LRU) data structure for the selected memory pages, detecting accesses to the selected memory pages and updating the LRU data structure in response to the detected accesses, and generating data for constructing a miss-rate curve for the workload using the LRU data structure. After a memory page is accessed, the memory page may be left untraced for a period of time, after which the memory page is retraced.

    摘要翻译： 错误率曲线以资源有效的方式构建，以便可以构建它们，并且可以在工作负载运行时进行内存管理决策。 资源有效的技术包括以下步骤：为工作负载选择存储器页面的子集，维护所选择的存储器页面的最近最少使用的（LRU）数据结构，检测对所选择的存储器页面的访问以及响应地更新LRU数据结构 并且使用LRU数据结构生成用于构建工作负载的错过率曲线的数据。 在访问存储器页面之后，存储器页面可以保持未被跟踪一段时间，之后再回读存储器页面。

    Efficient readable ballooning of guest memory by backing balloon pages with a shared page
    4.
    发明授权
    Efficient readable ballooning of guest memory by backing balloon pages with a shared page 有权
    通过使用共享页面支持气球页面来高效地读取客户机内存空间

    公开(公告)号：US08583875B1

    公开(公告)日：2013-11-12

    申请号：US12835303

    申请日：2010-07-13

    申请人： Alexander Thomas Garthwaite ,  Yury Baskakov

    发明人： Alexander Thomas Garthwaite ,  Yury Baskakov

    IPC分类号： G06F12/00

    CPC分类号： G06F9/4881 ,  G06F9/5016

    摘要： Methods, systems, and computer programs for managing physical memory in a host of a virtual infrastructure are presented. One method includes an operation for detecting that a guest physical page (GPP) of a virtual machine (VM) is a balloon page. The GPP, previously mapped to a machine page (MP), is re-mapped to a shared page of memory in order to free the MP, such that a read to the GPP causes a read to the shared page of memory. Further, the method includes an operation for detecting a write to the shared page of memory after the re-mapping of the GPP to the shared page, where the write to the shared page is caused by a write to the GPP. After detecting the write, all balloon pages created by the VM are reset in order to reset the balloon application in the VM.

    摘要翻译： 呈现用于管理虚拟基础设施的主机中的物理内存的方法，系统和计算机程序。 一种方法包括用于检测虚拟机（VM）的客体物理页（GPP）是气球页的操作。 先前映射到机器页面（MP）的GPP被重新映射到内存的共享页面，以便释放MP，以便读取GPP会读取内存的共享页面。 此外，该方法包括在将GPP重新映射到共享页面之后检测对存储器的共享页面的写入的操作，其中对共享页面的写入是由对GPP的写入引起的。 在检测到写入之后，由VM创建的所有气球页面都将重置，以便重置VM中的气球应用程序。

    Detecting and suppressing redundant input-output operations
    5.
    发明授权
    Detecting and suppressing redundant input-output operations 有权
    检测和抑制冗余输入输出操作

    公开(公告)号：US09189419B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-11-17

    申请号：US13448291

    申请日：2012-04-16

    申请人： Alexander Thomas Garthwaite ,  Maxime Austruy ,  Kapil Arya

    发明人： Alexander Thomas Garthwaite ,  Maxime Austruy ,  Kapil Arya

    IPC分类号： G06F13/20 ,  G06F7/00 ,  G06F7/20 ,  G06F12/10

    CPC分类号： G06F3/0611 ,  G06F3/0647 ,  G06F3/0664 ,  G06F3/0685 ,  G06F9/45533 ,  G06F12/1081 ,  G06F12/109 ,  G06F2212/657

    摘要： In a virtual machine, swap activities of a hypervisor and a guest OS are reconciled so that redundant input-output operations (IOs) can be avoided and a synchronous response time of the virtual machine improved. This is achieved with a map of memory pages to blocks of storage. For a write IO to write contents of a memory page into a target block, the map is examined to see if it contains a valid entry for the memory page. If the map contains the valid entry, the write IO is prevented from being issued and a data structure is updated so that subsequent IOs to the target block is redirected from the target block to a block that is associated with the physical memory page in the valid entry. On the other hand, if the map does not contain the valid entry, the write IO is issued.

    摘要翻译： 在虚拟机中，对虚拟机管理程序和客户操作系统的交换活动进行协调，从而可以避免冗余输入输出操作（IO），并提高虚拟机的同步响应时间。 这是通过将存储器页面映射到存储块来实现的。 要写入IO将内存页的内容写入目标块，将检查映射以查看是否包含存储器页的有效条目。 如果地图包含有效条目，则防止写入IO被发出并且数据结构被更新，使得到目标块的后续IO被重定向到与目标块相关联的块，该块与有效的物理存储器页相关联 条目。 另一方面，如果地图不包含有效条目，则发出写入IO。

    Online classification of memory pages based on activity level represented by one or more bits
    7.
    发明授权
    Online classification of memory pages based on activity level represented by one or more bits 有权
    基于由一个或多个位表示的活动级别的内存页面的在线分类

    公开(公告)号：US09032398B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-05-12

    申请号：US12834662

    申请日：2010-07-12

    申请人： Irfan Ahmad ,  Carl A. Waldspurger ,  Alexander Thomas Garthwaite ,  Kiran Tati ,  Pin Lu

    发明人： Irfan Ahmad ,  Carl A. Waldspurger ,  Alexander Thomas Garthwaite ,  Kiran Tati ,  Pin Lu

    IPC分类号： G06F21/00 ,  G06F12/00 ,  G06F12/08 ,  G06F12/10

    CPC分类号： G06F12/08 ,  G06F12/10

    摘要： Activity level of memory pages is classified in virtual machine environment, so that processes such as live VM migration and checkpointing, among others, can be carried out more efficiently. The method includes the steps of scanning page table entries of hypervisor-managed page tables continuously over repeating scan periods to determine whether memory pages have been accessed or not, and for each memory page, determining an activity level of the memory page based on whether the memory page has been accessed or not since a prior scan and storing the activity level of the memory page. The activity level of the memory page may be represented by one or more bits of its page table entry and may be classified as having at least two states ranging from hot to cold.

    摘要翻译： 内存页面的活动级别分为虚拟机环境，可以更有效地执行诸如虚拟机迁移和检查点之类的进程。 该方法包括以下步骤：在重复的扫描周期上连续地扫描虚拟机管理程序管理的页表的页表条目，以确定是否已存取存储器页;以及对于每个存储器页，基于是否存储页，确定存储器页的活动级别 存储器页面已被访问或不被访问，因为先前扫描并存储存储器页面的活动级别。 存储器页面的活动级别可以由其页表项的一个或多个位表示，并且可以被分类为具有从热到冷的至少两个状态。