公开(公告)号：US6054036A

公开(公告)日：2000-04-25

申请号：US77304

申请日：1998-12-31

申请人： Alexandre M. Izmailov ,  Paul Waterhouse ,  Henryk Zaleski

发明人： Alexandre M. Izmailov ,  Paul Waterhouse ,  Henryk Zaleski

IPC分类号： G01N21/64 ,  G01N27/447 ,  G01N27/26

CPC分类号： G01N27/44721 ,  G01N27/44704

摘要： Gel holders for electrophoresis gels are made using clad fibers, particularly glass fibers as spacers between substrates. A plurality of fibers with a high-melting interior core and a low-melting external cladding are placed between a first planar substrate and a second planar substrate. The fibers are heated to a temperature sufficient to at least soften the exterior cladding of the fibers without softening the interior core of the fibers, and then cooled while they are in contact with the first and second substrates to solidify the exterior cladding. This adheres the fibers to the first and second substrates, and forms a gel chamber between said first and second substrates. The gel chamber has a thickness defined by interior core of the fibers. The fibers may be heated before or after the second substrate is placed over the top of the fibers. The gel holders thus formed may be filled immediately with a gel forming solution such as a polyacrylamide, or they may be stored indefinitely and used as needed.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / CA96 / 00832 Sec。 371 1998年12月31日第 102（e）1998年12月31日PCT PCT 1996年12月12日PCT公布。 WO97 / 21995 PCT公开号 日期1996年6月19日凝胶凝胶保持器使用包覆纤维制成，特别是作为衬底之间的间隔物的玻璃纤维。 具有高熔点内芯和低熔点外包层的多根纤维被放置在第一平面基板和第二平面基板之间。 纤维被加热到足以至少软化纤维的外包层的温度，而不软化纤维的内芯，然后在与第一和第二基底接触的同时冷却，以固化外包层。 这将纤维粘附到第一和第二基底上，并在所述第一和第二基底之间形成凝胶室。 凝胶室具有由纤维的内芯限定的厚度。 纤维可以在将第二基底放置在纤维顶部之前或之后被加热。 如此形成的凝胶保持器可立即用诸如聚丙烯酰胺的凝胶形成溶液填充，或者可以无限期地储存并根据需要使用。

公开(公告)号：US5897842A

公开(公告)日：1999-04-27

申请号：US703730

申请日：1996-08-27

申请人： James M. Dunn ,  James Leushner ,  John Renfrew ,  Paul Waterhouse ,  Alexandre M. Izmailov ,  Henryk Zaleski

发明人： James M. Dunn ,  James Leushner ,  John Renfrew ,  Paul Waterhouse ,  Alexandre M. Izmailov ,  Henryk Zaleski

IPC分类号： B01L7/00 ,  C12Q1/68 ,  C12Q1/70 ,  G01N35/00 ,  B01L9/00 ,  C12M3/02

CPC分类号： B01L7/52 ,  B01L7/525 ,  C12Q1/6841 ,  C12Q1/6881 ,  C12Q1/689 ,  C12Q1/703 ,  C12Q2600/156 ,  C12Q2600/16 ,  G01N2035/00237

摘要： An apparatus and method for thermally cycling a reaction mixture in a reaction vessel to expose the mixture to the varying temperatures necessary to, for example, achieve PCR amplification or the preparation of sequencing fragments using a cycle sequencing operation makes use of flow-through reaction vessels, such as capillary tubes, for the preparation and thermal cycling of reaction mixtures. In order to prevent loss of the reaction mixture from the vessels during heating, the thermal cycling apparatus of the invention provides means for sealing the proximal and distal end of each reaction vessel. The proximal ends can be sealed by coupling to a pump which permits movement of the samples within the reaction vessels. As to the distal ends, the reaction vessels can be sealed by pressing the distal end of each vessel against a sealing element with a conformable surface, or by immersing the distal end of each vessel in the reservoir of liquid, preferably of an oil, that is not miscible with the reaction mixture.

摘要翻译： 在反应容器中热循环反应混合物以将混合物暴露于例如实现PCR扩增所需的变化温度或使用循环测序操作制备测序片段的装置和方法使用流通反应容器 ，如毛细管，用于反应混合物的制备和热循环。 为了防止加热期间反应混合物从容器中的损失，本发明的热循环装置提供了用于密封每个反应容器的近端和远端的装置。 近端可以通过联接到允许样品在反应容器内移动的泵来密封。 对于远端，可以通过将每个容器的远端压靠具有适形表面的密封元件，或通过将每个容器的远端浸入液体储存器（优选油）中来密封反应容器， 与反应混合物不混溶。

公开(公告)号：US6014213A

公开(公告)日：2000-01-11

申请号：US819910

申请日：1997-03-18

申请人： Paul Waterhouse ,  Alexandre M. Izmailov ,  Henryk Zaleski ,  John A. Renfrew ,  James W. Cassidy

发明人： Paul Waterhouse ,  Alexandre M. Izmailov ,  Henryk Zaleski ,  John A. Renfrew ,  James W. Cassidy

IPC分类号： G01N27/447 ,  G01N30/86 ,  G01N21/00

CPC分类号： G01N30/8603 ,  G01N27/44721

摘要： A high dynamic range apparatus for separation and detection of polynucleotide fragments has a housing adapted to receive an electrophoresis gel holder containing an electrophoresis gel loaded with fluorophore-labeled samples; one or more laser diodes for providing radiation of a frequency suitable for excitation of the fluorophore which irradiates a an array of excitation/detection sites on the electrophoresis gel; an array of detectors aligned with the excitation/detection sites for collecting fluorescent emissions; and one or more components for increasing the dynamic range of the instrument by at least an order of magnitude. These components, which can be used individually or in combination include detectors that are connected to a signal processing system that modulates the period of signal integration employed so that large signals are totaled at short time intervals and smaller signals are totaled at longer time intervals; the use of a beam splitter to produces a high intensity beam of emitted light and a low intensity beam of emitted light from each excitation/detection site; and a device for modulating the intensity of the excitation beam can be used to improve the dynamic range of the instrument.

摘要翻译： 用于分离和检测多核苷酸片段的高动态范围装置具有适于接收含有装载有荧光团标记的样品的电泳凝胶的电泳凝胶保持器的壳体; 用于提供适于激发荧光团的频率的辐射的一个或多个激光二极管，其照射电泳凝胶上的激发/检测位点阵列; 与用于收集荧光发射的激发/检测部位对准的检测器阵列; 以及用于将仪器的动态范围增加至少一个数量级的一个或多个组件。 可以单独或组合使用的这些组件包括连接到信号处理系统的检测器，该信号处理系统调制所采用的信号积分的周期，以便以较短的时间间隔合计大信号，并以更长的时间间隔合计较小的信号; 使用分束器产生高强度发射光束和来自每个激发/检测部位的低强度发射光束; 并且可以使用用于调制激发光束的强度的装置来改善仪器的动态范围。

公开(公告)号：US5618398A

公开(公告)日：1997-04-08

申请号：US571297

申请日：1995-12-12

申请人： Alexandre M. Izmailov ,  Paul Waterhouse ,  Henryk Zaleski

发明人： Alexandre M. Izmailov ,  Paul Waterhouse ,  Henryk Zaleski

IPC分类号： G01N21/64 ,  G01N27/447 ,  G01N27/26

CPC分类号： G01N27/44721 ,  G01N27/44704

摘要： Gel holders for electrophoresis gels are made using clad fibers, particularly glass fibers as spacers between substrates. A plurality of fibers with an high-melting interior core and a low-melting external cladding are placed between a first planar substrate and a second planar substrate. The fibers are heated to a temperature sufficient to at least soften the exterior cladding of the fibers without softening the interior core of the fibers, and then cooled while they are in contact with the first and second substrates to resolidify the exterior cladding. This adheres the fibers to the first and second substrates, and forms a gel chamber between said first and second substrates. The gel chamber has a thickness defined by interior core of the fibers. The fibers may be heated before or after the second substrate is placed over the top of the fibers. The gel holders thus formed may be filled immediately with a gel forming solution such as a polyacrylamide, or they may be stored indefinitely and used as needed.

摘要翻译： 电泳凝胶的凝胶保持器使用包覆纤维制成，特别是作为衬底之间的间隔物的玻璃纤维。 具有高熔点内芯和低熔点外包层的多根纤维被放置在第一平面基板和第二平面基板之间。 将纤维加热到足以至少软化纤维的外包层的温度，而不软化纤维的内芯，然后在与第一和第二基底接触的同时冷却，以重新固化外包层。 这将纤维粘附到第一和第二基底上，并在所述第一和第二基底之间形成凝胶室。 凝胶室具有由纤维的内芯限定的厚度。 纤维可以在将第二基底放置在纤维顶部之前或之后被加热。 如此形成的凝胶保持器可立即用诸如聚丙烯酰胺的凝胶形成溶液填充，或者可以无限期地储存并根据需要使用。

公开(公告)号：US06110339A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-29

申请号：US973932

申请日：1997-12-16

申请人： Thomas D. Yager ,  Paul Waterhouse ,  Alexandre M. Izmailov ,  Bruno Maruzzo ,  John K. Stevens ,  Marina T. Larson

发明人： Thomas D. Yager ,  Paul Waterhouse ,  Alexandre M. Izmailov ,  Bruno Maruzzo ,  John K. Stevens ,  Marina T. Larson

IPC分类号： G01N27/447

CPC分类号： G01N27/44704 ,  G01N27/44773 ,  G01N27/44791 ,  Y10T436/143333

摘要： Separation matrices useful in the formation of solid-state mm- to cm-scale devices for the rapid, high-resolution separation of single-stranded DNA ladder bands generated by the Sanger dideoxy- or Maxam/Gilbert chemical DNA sequencing procedures are formed from a solid support (1) having a plurality of posts (4) disposed on a first major surface thereof to form an obstacle course of posts (4) and pores (5). The posts are arranged in a regular X, Y array and are separated one from another by a distance of 100 nm or less, preferably 10 to 30 nm, and are optionally separated into lanes 2. The separation matrix can be manufactured by first forming a mold, preferably a reusable mold using lithography techniques. The mold is the reverse of the desired pattern of posts and pores of the obstacle course, and is used for casting the obstacle course. The cast obstacle course is then fused to a solid support and separated from the mold. Alternatively, the separation matrix can be formed from a polymer which undergoes specific and quantifiable swelling in the presence of a selected chemical compound. In this case, the matrix is cast on a mold in a conventional manner with a spacing between posts greater than the desired final spacing of 100 nm or less. For use, a buffer solution saturated with the specific chemical agent that controls swelling is added, causing the posts to swell to a defined amount to achieve the desired separation.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US96 / 09999 Sec。 371日期：1997年12月16日 102（e）日期1997年12月16日PCT提交1996年6月7日PCT公布。 出版物WO96 / 42012 PCT 日期1996年12月27日用于形成固态mm至cm尺度装置的分离基质用于快速，高分辨率分离由Sanger双脱氧或Maxam / Gilbert化学DNA测序产生的单链DNA梯形带 步骤由具有设置在其第一主表面上的多个柱（4）的固体支撑件（1）形成，以形成柱（4）和孔（5）的障碍物路线。 柱以规则的X，Y阵列布置，并且彼此分离一个距离为100nm或更小，优选为10至30nm，并且任选地分离成通道2.分离基体可以通过首先形成 模具，优选使用光刻技术的可重复使用的模具。 模具与障碍物路线的柱和孔的期望图案相反，并且用于铸造障碍物路线。 然后将铸造的障碍物道路融合到固体支撑物并与模具分离。 或者，分离基质可以由在所选择的化合物存在下经历特异性和可定量溶胀的聚合物形成。 在这种情况下，基体以常规方式在模具上铸造，柱之间的间距大于期望的最终间距为100nm或更小。 为了使用，加入饱和了特定化学试剂的缓冲溶液以控制溶胀，导致柱膨胀至规定的量以达到所需的分离。

公开(公告)号：US06176990B1

公开(公告)日：2001-01-23

申请号：US08973933

申请日：1997-12-16

申请人： Thomas D. Yager ,  Paul Waterhouse ,  Alexandre M. Izmailov ,  Bruno C. Maruzzo ,  John K. Stevens ,  Marina T. Larson

发明人： Thomas D. Yager ,  Paul Waterhouse ,  Alexandre M. Izmailov ,  Bruno C. Maruzzo ,  John K. Stevens ,  Marina T. Larson

IPC分类号： G01N27453

CPC分类号： G01N27/44773 ,  G01N27/44704 ,  G01N27/44791

摘要： A microelectrophoresis chip comprises a substrate in which there are formed one or more channels, one channel for each sample to be evaluated. The channels extend for the length of the chip, a distance of generally around 1 cm, and are about 1 to 10 &mgr;m wide and 1 to 10 &mgr;m in depth. The channels are filled with a homogeneous separation matrix which acts as an obstacle to the electrophoretic migration of the charged molecules. Microelectrodes disposed in the channels are used to induce an electric field within the homogeneous separation medium. When a voltage is applied across two or more of the microelectrodes, the charged molecules are induced to move and separate according to the electric field density, the type of solvent film, and the charge, shape and size of the charged molecule. The chip may further comprise detectors, such as light polarization detectors, fluorescence emission detectors, biosensors, electrochemical sensors or other microcomponents which may include sites for enzymatic or chemical manipulation of the moved or separated charged molecules.

摘要翻译： 微电泳芯片包括其中形成一个或多个通道的基底，每个待评估样品的通道一个通道。 通道延长芯片的长度，通常约1厘米的距离，宽度约为1至10微米，深度为1至10毫米。 通道充满均匀的分离基质，其作为电荷分子的电泳迁移的障碍。 设置在通道中的微电极用于在均匀分离介质内诱发电场。 当电压施加到两个或更多个微电极上时，根据电场密度，溶剂膜的类型和带电分子的电荷，形状和尺寸，诱导带电分子移动和分离。 芯片还可以包括诸如光偏振检测器，荧光发射检测器，生物传感器，电化学传感器或其它微元件的检测器，其可以包括用于酶或分离带电分子的酶或化学操作的位点。

公开(公告)号：US06261430B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-17

申请号：US09505659

申请日：2000-02-17

申请人： Thomas D. Yager ,  Paul Waterhouse ,  Alexandre M. Izmailov ,  Bruno C. Maruzzo ,  John K. Stevens ,  Marina T. Larson

发明人： Thomas D. Yager ,  Paul Waterhouse ,  Alexandre M. Izmailov ,  Bruno C. Maruzzo ,  John K. Stevens ,  Marina T. Larson

IPC分类号： G01N2726

CPC分类号： G01N27/44773 ,  G01N27/44704 ,  G01N27/44791

摘要： A microelectrophoresis chip comprises a substrate in which there are formed one or more channels, one channel for each sample to be evaluated. The channels extend for the length of the chip, a distance of generally around 1 cm, and are about 1 to 10 &mgr;m wide and 1 to 10 &mgr;m in depth. The channels are filled with a homogeneous separation matrix which acts as an obstacle to the electrophoretic migration of the charged molecules. Microelectrodes disposed in the channels are used to induce an electric filed within the homogeneous separation medium. When a voltage is applied across two or more of the microelectrodes, the charged molecules are induced to move and separate according to the electric field density, the type of solvent film, and the charge, shape and size of the charged molecule. The chip may further comprise detectors, such as light polarization detectors, fluorescence emission detectors, biosensors, electrochemical sensors or other microcomponents which may include sites for enzymatic or chemical manipulation of the moved or separated charged molecules.

摘要翻译： 微电泳芯片包括其中形成一个或多个通道的基底，每个待评估样品的通道一个通道。 通道延长芯片的长度，通常约1厘米的距离，宽度约为1至10微米，深度为1至10毫米。 通道充满均匀的分离基质，其作为电荷分子的电泳迁移的障碍。 设置在通道中的微电极用于诱导均匀分离介质内的电场。 当电压施加到两个或更多个微电极上时，根据电场密度，溶剂膜的类型和带电分子的电荷，形状和尺寸，诱导带电分子移动和分离。 芯片还可以包括诸如光偏振检测器，荧光发射检测器，生物传感器，电化学传感器或其它微元件的检测器，其可以包括用于酶或分离带电分子的酶或化学操作的位点。

公开(公告)号：US5885431A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-23

申请号：US836269

申请日：1997-05-01

申请人： John A. Renfrew ,  Paul Waterhouse ,  John K. Stevens ,  Henryk Zaleski

发明人： John A. Renfrew ,  Paul Waterhouse ,  John K. Stevens ,  Henryk Zaleski

IPC分类号： G01N27/447 ,  G01N27/26

CPC分类号： G01N27/44743 ,  G01N27/44704 ,  G01N27/44747

摘要： An electrophoresis microgel is formed in a gel holder. The gel holder comprises a top substrate, a bottom substrate and a spacer disposed between the top substrate and the bottom substrate. The spacer establishes a separation of from 25 to 250 microns between the top substrate and the bottom substrate. A gel compartment is formed by partially sealing the top substrate to the bottom substrate, while leaving an opening for the introduction of unpolymerized gel. The gel compartment is then filled with an unpolymerized gel, which is polymerized in the gel compartment. Electrodes may be printed on the substrates, may be contacts to an exposed edge of gel, or may be applied through windows cut into one of the substrates. One type of gel holder makes use of graded beads having a diameter of 25 to 250 microns slurried in an adhesive such as an acrylate adhesive as the spacer. The slurry is printed onto the surface of one or both substrates to form a spacer of the desired shape, and then hardened using heat or light. If desired, the spacer can establish lanes within the gel.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US95 / 14531 Sec。 371日期1997年5月1日 102（e）日期1997年5月1日PCT提交1995年10月31日PCT公布。 出版物WO96 / 日期1996年5月9日在凝胶保持器中形成电泳微凝胶。 凝胶保持器包括顶部基底，底部基底和设置在顶部基底和底部基底之间的间隔物。 间隔物在顶部基底和底部基底之间建立了从25至250微米的间隔。 通过将顶部基底部分地密封到底部基底而形成凝胶室，同时留下用于引入未聚合凝胶的开口。 然后用凝胶隔室填充未聚合的凝胶，其在凝胶隔室中聚合。 电极可以印刷在基底上，可以与凝胶的暴露边缘接触，或者可以通过切割成一个基底的窗口来施加。 一种类型的凝胶保持器使用在诸如丙烯酸酯粘合剂的粘合剂中作为间隔物浆化的直径为25至250微米的分级珠粒。 将浆料印刷到一个或两个基材的表面上以形成所需形状的间隔物，然后使用热或光硬化。 如果需要，间隔物可以在凝胶内建立泳道。

公开(公告)号：US08026819B2

公开(公告)日：2011-09-27

申请号：US11639857

申请日：2006-12-15

申请人： Jason August ,  John K. Stevens ,  Paul Waterhouse

发明人： Jason August ,  John K. Stevens ,  Paul Waterhouse

IPC分类号： G08B21/22 ,  G08B21/18

CPC分类号： G06K19/07767 ,  G06K19/07749 ,  G08B13/2417 ,  G08B13/242 ,  G08B13/2431 ,  G08B13/2434 ,  G08B13/2445 ,  G08B13/2448 ,  G08B13/2462 ,  G08B13/2477 ,  G08B13/2482

摘要： Passive tags use two antennas with only limited mutual coupling, one of which receives a power/clock field and the other of which receives a data signal. An area-reading antenna, or two or more antennas, are deployed to generate the power/clock field, from a base station. The base station, or active tags, or both, generate the data signals from time to time. This topology together with the use of low frequencies permits area reads, and permits small and economical passive tags, and further permits localization of a particular passive tag as being nearby to a particular active tag.

摘要翻译： 无源标签使用两个只有有限互耦的天线，其中一个接收功率/时钟域，另一个接收数据信号。 部署区域读取天线或两个或更多个天线以从基站产生功率/时钟字段。 基站或有源标签或两者都不时产生数据信号。 这种拓扑结构与低频率的使用一起允许区域读取，并允许小型且经济的无源标签，并且还允许将特定无源标签定位在特定活动标签附近。

公开(公告)号：US07900824B2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-08

申请号：US11829247

申请日：2007-07-27

申请人： John K. Stevens ,  Paul Waterhouse

发明人： John K. Stevens ,  Paul Waterhouse

IPC分类号： G06K5/00

CPC分类号： G04G21/04 ,  G04R60/00

摘要： An alternative for smart card financial transactions is provided in which the smart card functionality is provided as part of a watch containing a RuBee antenna and transceiver for transmitting the authorization information to a receiver separate from the watch. This form factor allows the user to maintain the card in a readily usable and convenient location. In addition, the watch can be used to allow the user to specifically authorize or override a financial transaction, and to view and/or store information about the financial transaction, as well as conventional functionality such as alarms, and calendars. The watch of the invention can also provide access control or identification in corporate environments if desired.

摘要翻译： 提供智能卡金融交易的替代方案，其中提供智能卡功能作为包含用于将授权信息发送到与手表分开的接收器的RuBee天线和收发器的手表的一部分。 这种形式允许用户将卡片保持在易于使用和方便的位置。 此外，手表可以用于允许用户专门授权或覆盖金融交易，以及查看和/或存储关于金融交易的信息以及诸如警报和日历的常规功能。 如果需要，本发明的手表还可以在公司环境中提供访问控制或识别。