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    Process for the enzymatic preparation of protected and unprotected di- and oligopeptides in aqueous solutions
    1.
    发明授权
    Process for the enzymatic preparation of protected and unprotected di- and oligopeptides in aqueous solutions 失效
    在水溶液中酶法制备受保护和未保护的二肽和寡肽的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5304470A

    公开(公告)日：1994-04-19

    申请号：US823956

    申请日：1992-01-23

    申请人： Andreas Fischer ,  Alexander Schwarz ,  Christian Wandrey ,  Guenter Knaup ,  Andreas Bommarius ,  Karl-Heinz Drauz

    发明人： Andreas Fischer ,  Alexander Schwarz ,  Christian Wandrey ,  Guenter Knaup ,  Andreas Bommarius ,  Karl-Heinz Drauz

    IPC分类号： C07C229/12 ,  C07K1/00 ,  C07K5/06 ,  C12P21/00 ,  C12P21/02 ,  C07K1/06 ,  C07K1/14

    CPC分类号： C12P21/02

    摘要： Protected and unprotected di- or oligopeptides are synthesized by reacting an N-terminally protected .alpha.-amino acid alkyl ester or peptide alkyl ester of the formula X--E--R.sup.1 with an amino acid or a di- or oligopeptide or a derivative thereof of the formula H.sub.2 N--Q--R.sup.2 in aqueous solution in the presence of a hydrolase, and, removing protective groups from the reaction product separated from the reaction mixture, where E is the residue of an .alpha.-amino acid or of a di- or oligopeptide, R.sup.1 is lower alkyl and X is a group which carries a charge or is polar at the pH values used for the reaction and which increases the solubility by a factor >5 compared with compounds wherein X=H, Q is the residue of an amino acid or of a di- or oligopeptide, and R.sup.2 is an optionally esterified or amidated acid group. In a preferred embodiment, the peptide or (.alpha.-)amino acid ester concentration is greater than 50 mM, wherein in a particularly preferred embodiment, the concentration ranges from 100 to 1000 mM with approximately comparable nucleophile and electrophile concentrations. The preferred substrate/enzyme ratios are >10.sup.5 M/M or >10.sup.3 M/M when papain is employed. Phthalyl, maleyl or citraconyl radicals and their derivatives or N-betainyl compounds are envisaged for use radicals (X) in the electrophilic component.

    摘要翻译： 受保护和未保护的二肽或寡肽通过使N-末端保护的（α） - 氨基酸烷基酯或式XE-R1的肽烷基酯与氨基酸或二肽或其寡肽或其衍生物 在水溶液存在下，在水溶液中制备式H2N-Q-R2，并且从反应混合物中分离出的反应产物中除去保护基团，其中E是（α） - 氨基酸或二 寡肽，R1是低级烷基，X是在用于反应的pH值下带有电荷或极性的基团，并且与其中X = H的化合物相比，其溶解度增加> 5倍，Q是 氨基酸或二肽或寡肽，R2是任选酯化或酰胺化的酸基团。 在优选的实施方案中，肽或（（α） - ）氨基酸酯浓度大于50mM，其中在特别优选的实施方案中，浓度范围为100至1000mM，具有大致相似的亲核试剂和亲电试剂浓度。 当使用木瓜蛋白酶时，优选的底物/酶比率> 105M / M或> 103M / M。 假定邻苯二甲酰基，马来酰基或柠康酰基及其衍生物或N-甜菜碱化合物在亲电子组分中使用基团（X）。

    Peptide amidase and the use thereof
    2.
    发明授权
    Peptide amidase and the use thereof 失效
    肽酰胺酶及其用途

    公开(公告)号：US5369016A

    公开(公告)日：1994-11-29

    申请号：US005819

    申请日：1993-01-19

    申请人： Doerte Steinke ,  Maria-Regina Kula ,  Alexander Schwarz ,  Christian Wandrey

    发明人： Doerte Steinke ,  Maria-Regina Kula ,  Alexander Schwarz ,  Christian Wandrey

    IPC分类号： C07K1/107 ,  C12N9/78 ,  C12N9/80 ,  C12P13/04 ,  C12P21/00 ,  C12P21/02

    CPC分类号： C07K1/107 ,  C12N9/80

    摘要： A peptide amidase isolated from the flavedo of citrus fruits, preferably oranges, which is capable of catalyzing the selective hydrolytic elimination of the free amino group on the C-terminal end of peptide amides but which does not cleave peptide bonds. The enzyme accepts D-amino acid residues in the C-terminal position, although the hydrolysis rate is much slower than with L-amino acid residues. The enzyme is weakly inhibited by serine protease inhibitors; has an optimal pH of 7.5.+-.1.5, an optimum temperature of 30.degree. C. at pH 7.5 and has an isoelectric point of pH 9.5. The peptide amidase is stable at pH 6.0-9.0. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme is 32,000.+-.3000 daltons. A peptide amidase according to the present invention is particularly useful in the production of peptides by continuous enzymatic reaction of N-protected amino acid or peptide alkyl esters with amides of amino acids. In the continuous reaction, the synthesized peptide amide is hydrolyzed by the peptide amidase and separated by anion exchange from the amide of the amino acid which can be recycled.

    摘要翻译： 从柑橘类水果（优选橙子）中分离的肽酰胺酶，其能够催化肽酰胺的C末端上的游离氨基的选择性水解消除，但不切割肽键。 该酶在C-末端位置接受D-氨基酸残基，尽管水解速度比L-氨基酸残基慢得多。 酶被丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂弱抑制; 最佳pH为7.5 +/- 1.5，最适温度为30℃，pH 7.5，等电点pH值为9.5。 肽酰胺酶在pH 6.0-9.0下是稳定的。 纯化酶的分子量为32,000 +/- 3000道尔顿。 根据本发明的肽酰胺酶特别可用于通过N-保护的氨基酸或肽烷基酯与氨基酸酰胺的连续酶反应来生产肽。 在连续反应中，合成的肽酰胺被肽酰胺酶水解，并通过阴离子交换从可再循环的氨基酸的酰胺中分离。

    Peptide amidase and the use thereof
    3.
    发明授权
    Peptide amidase and the use thereof 失效
    肽类药物及其用途

    公开(公告)号：US5190875A

    公开(公告)日：1993-03-02

    申请号：US694981

    申请日：1991-05-06

    申请人： Doerte Steinke ,  Maria-Regina Kula ,  Alexander Schwarz ,  Christian Wandrey

    发明人： Doerte Steinke ,  Maria-Regina Kula ,  Alexander Schwarz ,  Christian Wandrey

    IPC分类号： C07K1/107 ,  C12N9/78 ,  C12N9/80 ,  C12P13/04 ,  C12P21/00 ,  C12P21/02

    CPC分类号： C07K1/107 ,  C12N9/80

    摘要： A peptide amidase isolated from the flavedo of citrus fruits, preferably oranges, which is capable of catalyzing the selective hydrolytic elimination of the free amino group on the C-terminal end of peptide amides but which does not cleave peptide bonds. The enzyme accepts D-amino acid residues in the C-terminal position, although the hydrolysis rate is much slower than with L-amino acid residues. The enzyme is weakly inhibited by serine protease inhibitors; has an optimal pH of 7.5.+-.1.5, an optimum temperature of 30.degree. C. at pH 7.5 and has an isoelectric point of pH 9.5. The peptide amidase is stable at pH 6.0-9.0. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme is 23,000 +/- 3000 daltons. A peptide amidase according to the present invention is particular useful in the production of peptides by continuous enzymatic reaction of N-protected amino acid or peptide alkyl esters with amides of amino acids. In the continuous reaction, the synthesized peptide amide is hydrolyzed by the peptide amidase and separated by anion exchange from the amide of the amino acid which can be recycled.

    摘要翻译： 从柑橘类水果（优选橙子）中分离的肽酰胺酶，其能够催化肽酰胺的C末端上的游离氨基的选择性水解消除，但不切割肽键。 该酶在C-末端位置接受D-氨基酸残基，尽管水解速度比L-氨基酸残基慢得多。 酶被丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂弱抑制; 最佳pH为7.5 +/- 1.5，最适温度为30℃，pH 7.5，等电点pH值为9.5。 肽酰胺酶在pH 6.0-9.0下是稳定的。 纯化酶的分子量为23000 +/- 3000道尔顿。 根据本发明的肽酰胺酶特别可用于通过N-保护的氨基酸或肽烷基酯与氨基酸的酰胺的连续酶反应来生产肽。 在连续反应中，合成的肽酰胺被肽酰胺酶水解，并通过阴离子交换从可再循环的氨基酸的酰胺中分离。

    Dense phase processing fluids for microelectronic component manufacture
    9.
    发明授权
    Dense phase processing fluids for microelectronic component manufacture 失效
    用于微电子元件制造的密相加工液

    公开(公告)号：US07282099B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-10-16

    申请号：US10253296

    申请日：2002-09-24

    申请人： Wayne Thomas McDermott ,  Richard Carl Ockovic ,  Alexander Schwarz

    发明人： Wayne Thomas McDermott ,  Richard Carl Ockovic ,  Alexander Schwarz

    IPC分类号： B08B3/00

    CPC分类号： B08B7/0021 ,  Y10S438/906

    摘要： Method for processing an article by contacting the article with a dense fluid. The article is introduced into a sealable processing chamber and the processing chamber is sealed. A dense fluid is prepared by introducing a subcritical fluid into a pressurization vessel and isolating the vessel, and then heating the subcritical fluid at essentially constant volume and essentially constant density to yield a dense fluid. At least a portion of the dense fluid is transferred from the pressurization vessel to the processing chamber, wherein the transfer of the dense fluid is driven by the difference between the pressure in the pressurization vessel and the pressure in the processing chamber, thereby pressurizing the processing chamber with transferred dense fluid. The article is contacted with the transferred dense fluid to yield a spent dense fluid and a treated article, and the spent dense fluid is separated from the treated article.

    摘要翻译： 通过使制品与致密流体接触来处理制品的方法。 将物品引入可密封的处理室中，并且处理室被密封。 通过将亚临界流体引入加压容器并分离容器，然后以基本上恒定的体积和基本上恒定的密度加热亚临界流体以产生致密的流体来制备致密流体。 致密流体的至少一部分从加压容器转移到处理室，其中致密流体的转移由加压容器中的压力与处理室中的压力之间的差异驱动，由此加压处理 室内转移致密流体。 将物品与转移的致密流体接触以产生用过的致密流体和经处理的物品，并将废的致密流体与经处理的物品分离。

    Apparatus and method for removal of surface oxides via fluxless technique involving electron attachment and remote ion generation
    10.
    发明申请
    Apparatus and method for removal of surface oxides via fluxless technique involving electron attachment and remote ion generation 有权
    通过涉及电子附着和远程离子生成的无通量技术去除表面氧化物的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20060164784A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-07-27

    申请号：US11389772

    申请日：2006-03-27

    申请人： Chun Dong ,  Wayne McDermott ,  Richard Patrick ,  Alexander Schwarz

    发明人： Chun Dong ,  Wayne McDermott ,  Richard Patrick ,  Alexander Schwarz

    IPC分类号： H01T23/00

    CPC分类号： C23G5/00 ,  B08B7/00 ,  B23K1/0016 ,  B23K1/008 ,  B23K1/012 ,  B23K1/206 ,  H05K3/3489 ,  H05K2203/095

    摘要： The present invention provides a method and apparatus for the dry fluxing of at least one component and/or solder surface via electron attachment. In one embodiment, there is provided a method for removing oxides from the surface of a component comprising: providing a component on a substrate wherein the substrate is grounded or has a positive electrical potential to form a target assembly; passing a gas mixture comprising a reducing gas through an ion generator comprising a first and a second electrode; supplying an amount of voltage to at least one of the first and second electrodes sufficient to generate electrons wherein the electrons attach to at least a portion of the reducing gas and form a negatively charged reducing gas; and contacting the target assembly with the negatively charged reducing gas to reduce the oxides on the component.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于通过电子附件干燥熔化至少一种组分和/或焊料表面的方法和装置。 在一个实施方案中，提供了从组分表面去除氧化物的方法，包括：在基底上提供组分，其中所述基底接地或具有正电位以形成靶组件; 使包含还原气体的气体混合物通过包括第一和第二电极的离子发生器; 向所述第一和第二电极中的至少一个电极供应足以产生电子的电压，其中所述电子附着到所述还原气体的至少一部分并形成带负电荷的还原气体; 并将目标组件与带负电荷的还原气体接触以减少部件上的氧化物。