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    Method of mitigating fuel cell degradation due to startup and shutdown via hydrogen/nitrogen storage
    3.
    发明授权
    Method of mitigating fuel cell degradation due to startup and shutdown via hydrogen/nitrogen storage 有权
    通过氢气/氮气储存减少由于启动和停机导致的燃料电池劣化的方法

    公开(公告)号：US08492046B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-07-23

    申请号：US11612120

    申请日：2006-12-18

    申请人： Paul Taichiang Yu ,  Frederick T. Wagner ,  Glenn W. Skala ,  Balsu Lakshmanan ,  John P. Salvador

    发明人： Paul Taichiang Yu ,  Frederick T. Wagner ,  Glenn W. Skala ,  Balsu Lakshmanan ,  John P. Salvador

    IPC分类号： H01M8/04

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04753 ,  H01M8/04089 ,  H01M16/006 ,  H01M2008/1095

    摘要： A method of operating the fuel cell stack having an anode side and a cathode side by flowing hydrogen into the anode side and flowing air into the cathode side. The fuel cell produces electricity that is used to operate a primary electrical device. To shut down the stack in one embodiment, the primary electrical device is disconnected from the stack. The flow of air into the cathode side is stopped and positive hydrogen pressure is maintained on the anode side. The fuel cell stack is shorted and oxygen in the cathode side is allowed to be consumed by hydrogen. The inlet and outlet valves of the anode and the cathode sides are closed. Thereafter, the flow of hydrogen into the anode side is stopped and the flow of exhaust from the cathode side is stopped.

    摘要翻译： 通过将氢气流入阳极侧并将空气流入阴极侧来操作具有阳极侧和阴极侧的燃料电池堆的方法。 燃料电池产生用于操作主要电气设备的电力。 为了在一个实施例中关闭堆叠，主电气设备与堆叠断开。 进入阴极侧的空气流停止，阳极侧保持正的氢气压力。 燃料电池堆被短路，阴极侧的氧被氢气所消耗。 阳极和阴极侧的入口和出口阀关闭。 此后，停止向阳极侧的氢气流，并且停止来自阴极侧的排气流。

    Method for fast and reliable fuel cell system start-ups
    4.
    发明授权
    Method for fast and reliable fuel cell system start-ups 有权
    快速可靠的燃料电池系统启动方法

    公开(公告)号：US07993787B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-08-09

    申请号：US11859300

    申请日：2007-09-21

    申请人： David A. Arthur ,  John P. Salvador ,  Seth E Lerner ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Abdullah B. Alp

    发明人： David A. Arthur ,  John P. Salvador ,  Seth E Lerner ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Abdullah B. Alp

    IPC分类号： H01M8/04

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04619 ,  H01M8/04223 ,  H01M8/04231 ,  H01M8/04302 ,  H01M8/04402 ,  H01M8/0441 ,  H01M8/04447 ,  H01M8/04552 ,  H01M8/04753 ,  H01M8/04761 ,  H01M8/04955 ,  H01M2008/1095 ,  Y02B90/14

    摘要： A method for providing a fast and reliable start-up of a fuel cell system. The method uses a stack voltage response to a load to assess if hydrogen and oxygen are being sufficiently distributed to all of the fuel cells by coupling an auxiliary load to the fuel cell stack until a predetermined minimum cell voltage has been reached or a first predetermined time period has elapsed. The method then determines whether a minimum cell voltage has dropped to a first predetermined voltage and, if so, reduces the maximum power allowed to be below the first predetermined voltage value, determines whether the minimum cell voltage in the stack is below a second predetermined voltage, or determines whether the minimum cell voltage drop rate is greater than a predetermined voltage drop rate. If none of these conditions are met, the method returns to loading the stack with system components.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于提供快速可靠的燃料电池系统启动的方法。 该方法使用对负载的堆叠电压响应来评估氢和氧是否通过将辅助负载耦合到燃料电池堆而充分地分配给所有燃料电池，直到达到预定的最小电池电压或第一预定时间 时间过去了 然后，该方法确定最小单元电压是否已经下降到第一预定电压，如果是，则将允许的最大功率减小到低于第一预定电压值，确定堆叠中的最小单元电压是否低于第二预定电压 ，或者确定最小单元电压降率是否大于预定的电压降率。 如果没有满足这些条件，则该方法返回使用系统组件加载堆栈。

    Adaptive gain scheduled control for current limitation based on voltage performance of a fuel cell system
    5.
    发明授权
    Adaptive gain scheduled control for current limitation based on voltage performance of a fuel cell system 有权
    基于燃料电池系统的电压性能的电流限制的自适应增益调度控制

    公开(公告)号：US07955743B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-06-07

    申请号：US12027049

    申请日：2008-02-06

    申请人： Sriram Ganapathy ,  David A. Arthur ,  Manish Sinha ,  John P. Salvador ,  David R. Savage ,  Frank X. Leo

    发明人： Sriram Ganapathy ,  David A. Arthur ,  Manish Sinha ,  John P. Salvador ,  David R. Savage ,  Frank X. Leo

    IPC分类号： H01M8/04

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04649 ,  H01M8/04559 ,  H01M8/04589 ,  H01M8/0491 ,  H01M8/0494 ,  H01M8/04992

    摘要： A system and method for limiting the output current of a fuel cell stack as the stack degrades overtime. A look-up table identifies a predetermined voltage set-point for stack current density. A first comparator provides a voltage difference signal between the set-point and the stack voltage. The voltage difference signal is provided to a controller, such as a proportional-integral controller, that provides a current limiting signal. The current limiting signal and a current request signal are provided to a second comparator that selects which signal will be used to limit the maximum output current of the stack. A polarization curve estimator estimates parameters of the stack that will change over the life of the stack. The parameters are provided to a gain scheduler that provides gains to the controller that are based on where in the life of the stack it is currently operating.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于限制燃料电池堆的输出电流的系统和方法，因为堆叠降低了加班时间。 查找表识别堆电流密度的预定电压设定点。 第一比较器在设定点和堆叠电压之间提供电压差信号。 电压差信号被提供给提供限流信号的控制器，例如比例积分控制器。 电流限制信号和当前请求信号被提供给第二比较器，第二比较器选择哪个信号将用于限制堆叠的最大输出电流。 极化曲线估计器估计将在堆栈的寿命内改变的堆栈的参数。 这些参数被提供给增益调度器，其为控制器提供增益，其基于其当前正在操作的堆栈的寿命。

    AUTOMATED PROCEDURE FOR EXECUTING IN-SITU FUEL CELL STACK RECONDITIONING
    6.
    发明申请
    AUTOMATED PROCEDURE FOR EXECUTING IN-SITU FUEL CELL STACK RECONDITIONING 审中-公开
    用于执行现场燃料电池堆叠重建的自动化程序

    公开(公告)号：US20110091781A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-04-21

    申请号：US12580912

    申请日：2009-10-16

    申请人： Daniel T. Folmsbee ,  John P. Salvador

    发明人： Daniel T. Folmsbee ,  John P. Salvador

    IPC分类号： H01M8/00 ,  H01M8/18

    CPC分类号： H01M8/00 ,  B60L58/30 ,  Y02T90/34

    摘要： A method for reconditioning a fuel cell stack. The method includes determining whether fuel cell stack reconditioning is desired based on predetermined reconditioning triggers, determining if predetermined system constraints are met that will allow reconditioning of the fuel cell stack to occur, and determining whether previous reconditioning processes have been attempted, and if so, whether predetermine reconditioning limits have been exceeded during those attempts. The reconditioning process is initiated if one or more of the reconditioning triggers has occurred, the predetermined system constraints are met and the predetermined reconditioning limits have not been exceeded. The reconditioning process increases the humidification level of a cathode side of the fuel cell stack over the humidity level of the cathode side during normal operating conditions and waiting for cell membranes in the fuel cell stack to saturate after the humidification level of the cathode has increased.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于再燃燃料电池堆的方法。 该方法包括基于预定的修复触发来确定是否期望燃料电池堆的修复，确定是否满足将允许燃料电池堆重新调整发生的预定系统约束，以及确定是否尝试了先前的修复过程，如果是， 在这些尝试中是否超过了预先确定的修复极限。 如果已经发生了一个或多个修复触发器，满足预定的系统约束并且未超过预定的修复极限，则启动修复过程。 再生过程在正常操作条件下，在阴极侧的湿度水平上增加了燃料电池堆的阴极侧的加湿水平，并且在阴极的加湿水平增加之后等待燃料电池堆中的电池膜饱和。

    Method for providing back-pressure for a fuel cell stack
    7.
    发明授权
    Method for providing back-pressure for a fuel cell stack 有权
    为燃料电池堆提供背压的方法

    公开(公告)号：US07749624B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-07-06

    申请号：US11750888

    申请日：2007-05-18

    申请人： Bruce J. Clingerman ,  John P. Salvador ,  Ronald L. James

    发明人： Bruce J. Clingerman ,  John P. Salvador ,  Ronald L. James

    IPC分类号： H01M8/00 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/12 ,  H01M2/00

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04089 ,  H01M8/04126 ,  H01M8/04223 ,  H01M8/04228

    摘要： A method for controlling the pressure within a fuel cell stack to control the stack relative humidity. In one embodiment, a two-position valve receiving the cathode exhaust is switchable between a fully open and a fully closed position, where the valve is opened when the fuel cell system is operating at a low operation temperature and the valve is closed when the fuel cell system is operating at a high operation temperature. A fixed restriction valve is provided in parallel with the two-position valve so that when the two-position valve is fully closed, the proper amount of pressure is provided at the cathode output. In another embodiment, the two-position valve employs leak paths so that when the two-position valve is in the closed position, the cathode exhaust gas can still flow through.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于控制燃料电池堆内的压力以控制堆叠相对湿度的方法。 在一个实施例中，接收阴极排气的两位置阀门可以在完全打开和完全关闭的位置之间切换，当燃料电池系统在低操作温度下操作时阀门打开，并且当燃料 电池系统在高运行温度下运行。 与二位置阀并联设置一个固定的限位阀，当两位阀完全关闭时，在阴极输出端提供适当的压力。 在另一个实施例中，两位阀采用泄漏路径，使得当两位置阀处于关闭位置时，阴极废气仍然可以流过。

    METHOD OF MITIGATING FUEL CELL DEGRADATION DUE TO STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN VIA HYDROGEN/NITROGEN STORAGE
    8.
    发明申请
    METHOD OF MITIGATING FUEL CELL DEGRADATION DUE TO STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN VIA HYDROGEN/NITROGEN STORAGE 有权
    通过氢/氮储存启动和关闭时减少燃料电池降解的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20080145716A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-06-19

    申请号：US11612120

    申请日：2006-12-18

    申请人： Paul Taichiang Yu ,  Frederick T. Wagner ,  Glenn W. Skala ,  Balsu Lakshmanan ,  John P. Salvador

    发明人： Paul Taichiang Yu ,  Frederick T. Wagner ,  Glenn W. Skala ,  Balsu Lakshmanan ,  John P. Salvador

    IPC分类号： H01M8/02

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04753 ,  H01M8/04089 ,  H01M16/006 ,  H01M2008/1095

    摘要： A method of operating the fuel cell stack having an anode side and a cathode side by flowing hydrogen into the anode side and flowing air into the cathode side. The fuel cell produces electricity that is used to operate a primary electrical device. To shut down the stack in one embodiment, the primary electrical device is disconnected from the stack. The flow of air into the cathode side is stopped and positive hydrogen pressure is maintained on the anode side. The fuel cell stack is shorted and oxygen in the cathode side is allowed to be consumed by hydrogen. The inlet and outlet valves of the anode and the cathode sides are closed. Thereafter, the flow of hydrogen into the anode side is stopped and the flow of exhaust from the cathode side is stopped.

    摘要翻译： 通过将氢气流入阳极侧并将空气流入阴极侧来操作具有阳极侧和阴极侧的燃料电池堆的方法。 燃料电池产生用于操作主要电气设备的电力。 为了在一个实施例中关闭堆叠，主电气设备与堆叠断开。 进入阴极侧的空气流停止，阳极侧保持正的氢气压力。 燃料电池堆被短路，阴极侧的氧被氢气所消耗。 阳极和阴极侧的入口和出口阀关闭。 此后，停止向阳极侧的氢气流，并且停止来自阴极侧的排气流。

    Dynamic voltage suppression in a fuel cell system
    10.
    发明授权
    Dynamic voltage suppression in a fuel cell system 有权
    燃料电池系统中的动态电压抑制

    公开(公告)号：US08647785B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-02-11

    申请号：US13107526

    申请日：2011-05-13

    申请人： John P. Salvador ,  Thomas A. Greszler ,  Brian A. Litteer

    发明人： John P. Salvador ,  Thomas A. Greszler ,  Brian A. Litteer

    IPC分类号： H01M8/04

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04559 ,  H01M4/92 ,  H01M8/0432 ,  H01M8/04529 ,  Y02E60/50

    摘要： A system and method for determining a maximum average cell voltage set-point for fuel cells in a fuel cell stack that considers oxidation of the catalyst in the fuel cells. The method includes determining the average cell voltage, the stack current density (I) and an internal resistance (R) of membranes in the fuel cells to calculate an IR corrected average cell voltage. The IR corrected average cell voltage is then used to determine the oxidation state of the catalyst particles using, for example, an empirical model. The oxidation state of the particles is then used to calculate the maximum average cell voltage set-point of the fuel cells, which is used to set the minimum power requested from the fuel cell stack.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于确定燃料电池堆中的燃料电池的最大平均电池电压设定点的系统和方法，其考虑了燃料电池中的催化剂的氧化。 该方法包括确定燃料电池中的平均电池电压，堆电流密度（I）和膜的内阻（R），以计算IR校正的平均电池电压。 然后使用IR校正的平均电池电压来使用例如经验模型来确定催化剂颗粒的氧化态。 然后使用颗粒的氧化态来计算燃料电池的最大平均电池电压设定点，其用于设定从燃料电池堆所要求的最小功率。