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    High speed low power magnetic devices based on current induced spin-momentum transfer
    1.
    发明授权
    High speed low power magnetic devices based on current induced spin-momentum transfer 有权
    基于电流感应自旋动量传递的高速低功率磁性装置

    公开(公告)号：US08363465B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-01-29

    申请号：US13041104

    申请日：2011-03-04

    申请人： Andrew Kent ,  Daniel Stein ,  Jean-Marc Beaujour

    发明人： Andrew Kent ,  Daniel Stein ,  Jean-Marc Beaujour

    IPC分类号： G11C11/14

    CPC分类号： G11C11/16 ,  G11C11/161 ,  G11C11/1673 ,  G11C11/1675 ,  G11C11/5607

    摘要： A high speed and low power method to control and switch the magnetization direction and/or helicity of a magnetic region in a magnetic device for memory cells using spin polarized electrical current. The mapetic device comprises a reference magnetic layer with a fixed magnetic helicity and/or magnetization direction and a free magnetic layer with a changeable magnetic helicity and/or magnetization direction. The fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer are preferably separated by a non-magnetic layer. The fixed and free magnetic layers may have magnetization directions at a substantially nonzero angle relative to the layer normal. A current can be applied to the device to induce a torque that alters the magnetic state of the device so that it can act as a magnetic memory for writing information. The resistance, which depends on the magnetic state of the device, is measured to read out the information stored in the device.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于使用自旋极化电流来控制和切换用于存储器单元的磁性装置中的磁区的磁化方向和/或螺旋度的高速和低功率方法。 该图解装置包括具有固定磁性螺旋度和/或磁化方向的参考磁性层和具有可变磁性和/或磁化方向的自由磁性层。 固定磁性层和自由磁性层优选由非磁性层分离。 固定和自由磁性层可以具有相对于层法线基本上非零的角度的磁化方向。 可以将电流施加到装置以引起改变装置的磁状态的扭矩，使得其可以用作写入信息的磁存储器。 测量取决于装置的磁状态的电阻来读出存储在装置中的信息。

    High speed low power magnetic devices based on current induced spin-momentum transfer
    2.
    发明授权
    High speed low power magnetic devices based on current induced spin-momentum transfer 有权
    基于电流感应自旋动量传递的高速低功率磁性装置

    公开(公告)号：US07911832B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-03-22

    申请号：US12490588

    申请日：2009-06-24

    申请人： Andrew Kent ,  Daniel Stein ,  Jean-Marc Beaujour

    发明人： Andrew Kent ,  Daniel Stein ,  Jean-Marc Beaujour

    IPC分类号： G11C11/14

    CPC分类号： G11C11/16 ,  G11C11/161 ,  G11C11/1673 ,  G11C11/1675 ,  G11C11/5607

    摘要： A high speed and low power method to control and switch the magnetization direction and/or helicity of a magnetic region in a magnetic device for memory cells using spin polarized electrical current. The magnetic device comprises a reference magnetic layer with a fixed magnetic helicity and/or magnetization direction and a free magnetic layer with a changeable magnetic helicity and/or magnetization direction. The fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer are preferably separated by a non-magnetic layer. The fixed and free magnetic layers may have magnetization directions at a substantially non-zero angle relative to the layer normal. A current can be applied to the device to induce a torque that alters the magnetic state of the device so that it can act as a magnetic memory for writing information. The resistance, which depends on the magnetic state of the device, is measured to read out the information stored in the device.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于使用自旋极化电流来控制和切换用于存储器单元的磁性装置中的磁区的磁化方向和/或螺旋度的高速和低功率方法。 磁性装置包括具有固定磁性螺旋度和/或磁化方向的参考磁性层和具有可变磁性和/或磁化方向的自由磁性层。 固定磁性层和自由磁性层优选由非磁性层分离。 固定和自由磁性层可以具有相对于层法线基本上非零角度的磁化方向。 可以将电流施加到装置以引起改变装置的磁状态的扭矩，使得其可以用作写入信息的磁存储器。 测量取决于装置的磁状态的电阻来读出存储在装置中的信息。

    HIGH SPEED LOW POWER MAGNETIC DEVICES BASED ON CURRENT INDUCED SPIN-MOMENTUM TRANSFER
    3.
    发明申请
    HIGH SPEED LOW POWER MAGNETIC DEVICES BASED ON CURRENT INDUCED SPIN-MOMENTUM TRANSFER 有权
    基于电流感应电动势传输的高速低功率磁性装置

    公开(公告)号：US20090296462A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-12-03

    申请号：US12490588

    申请日：2009-06-24

    申请人： Andrew Kent ,  Daniel Stein ,  Jean-Marc Beaujour

    发明人： Andrew Kent ,  Daniel Stein ,  Jean-Marc Beaujour

    IPC分类号： G11C11/15 ,  C23C14/34

    CPC分类号： G11C11/16 ,  G11C11/161 ,  G11C11/1673 ,  G11C11/1675 ,  G11C11/5607

    摘要： A high speed and low power method to control and switch the magnetization direction and/or helicity of a magnetic region in a magnetic device for memory cells using spin polarized electrical current. The magnetic device comprises a reference magnetic layer with a fixed magnetic helicity and/or magnetization direction and a free magnetic layer with a changeable magnetic helicity and/or magnetization direction. The fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer are preferably separated by a non-magnetic layer. The fixed and free magnetic layers may have magnetization directions at a substantially non-zero angle relative to the layer normal. A current can be applied to the device to induce a torque that alters the magnetic state of the device so that it can act as a magnetic memory for writing information. The resistance, which depends on the magnetic state of the device, is measured to read out the information stored in the device.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于使用自旋极化电流来控制和切换用于存储器单元的磁性装置中的磁区的磁化方向和/或螺旋度的高速和低功率方法。 磁性装置包括具有固定磁性螺旋度和/或磁化方向的参考磁性层和具有可变磁性和/或磁化方向的自由磁性层。 固定磁性层和自由磁性层优选由非磁性层分离。 固定和自由磁性层可以具有相对于层法线基本上非零角度的磁化方向。 可以将电流施加到装置以引起改变装置的磁状态的扭矩，使得其可以用作写入信息的磁存储器。 测量取决于装置的磁状态的电阻来读出存储在装置中的信息。

    High speed low power annular magnetic devices based on current induced spin-momentum transfer
    5.
    发明授权
    High speed low power annular magnetic devices based on current induced spin-momentum transfer 有权
    基于电流感应自旋动量传递的高速低功率环形磁性器件

    公开(公告)号：US07307876B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-12-11

    申请号：US11498303

    申请日：2006-08-01

    申请人： Andrew Kent ,  Daniel Stein

    发明人： Andrew Kent ,  Daniel Stein

    IPC分类号： G11C11/14

    CPC分类号： H01F10/325 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y25/00 ,  G11C11/161 ,  G11C11/1673 ,  G11C11/1675 ,  G11C11/5607 ,  H01F10/123 ,  H01F10/3286 ,  H01L29/82 ,  H01L43/08

    摘要： A high speed and low power method to control and switch the magnetization direction and/or helicity of a magnetic region in a magnetic device for memory cells using spin polarized electrical current. The magnetic device comprises a reference magnetic layer with a fixed magnetic helicity and/or magnetization direction and a free magnetic layer with a changeable magnetic helicity. The fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer are preferably separated by a non-magnetic layer, and the reference layer includes an easy axis perpendicular to the reference layer. A current can be applied to the device to induce a torque that alters the magnetic state of the device so that it can act as a magnetic memory for writing information. The resistance, which depends on the magnetic state of the device, is measured to thereby read out the information stored in the device.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于使用自旋极化电流来控制和切换用于存储器单元的磁性装置中的磁区的磁化方向和/或螺旋度的高速和低功率方法。 磁性装置包括具有固定磁性螺旋度和/或磁化方向的参考磁性层和具有可变磁性的自由磁性层。 固定磁性层和自由磁性层优选由非磁性层分离，并且参考层包括垂直于参考层的容易轴。 可以将电流施加到装置以引起改变装置的磁状态的扭矩，使得其可以用作写入信息的磁存储器。 测量取决于装置的磁状态的电阻，从而读出存储在装置中的信息。

    Method and system for provisioning a wireless device
    7.
    发明授权
    Method and system for provisioning a wireless device 失效
    用于配置无线设备的方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US08792885B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-07-29

    申请号：US12060771

    申请日：2008-04-01

    申请人： Yue Chen ,  Alan W. Shen ,  Daniel Stein

    发明人： Yue Chen ,  Alan W. Shen ,  Daniel Stein

    IPC分类号： H04W4/00

    CPC分类号： H04W8/265 ,  H04W8/18

    摘要： A method and system for controlling the provisioning of a device with information for accessing services of a wireless service provider via a wireless network is provided. The provisioning system initially stores automatic provisioning information on the device that includes the identification of wireless service providers that have the capability to automatically provision the device. When a user of the device wants to subscribe to a service of a service provider, the provisioning system requests an automatic provisioning service of the service provider to provide information describing available services and information needed to subscribe to those services. When the user selects a service and provides the needed information, the provisioning system retrieves provisioning information for the selected service from the service provider. The provisioning system stores the provisioning information on the device so that the device can then be used to access the selected service of the service provider.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于通过无线网络控制具有用于访问无线服务提供商的服务的信息的设备的供应的方法和系统。 配置系统最初在设备上存储自动配置信息，该信息包括具有自动提供设备能力的无线服务提供商的标识。 当设备的用户想要订阅服务提供商的服务时，供应系统请求服务提供商的自动供应服务来提供描述可用服务的信息和订阅这些服务所需的信息。 当用户选择服务并提供所需的信息时，供应系统从服务提供商检索所选服务的供应信息。 配置系统将配置信息存储在设备上，使得设备然后可以用于访问服务提供商的所选服务。

    Process for Preparing Acylphosphanes and Derivatives Thereof
    9.
    发明申请
    Process for Preparing Acylphosphanes and Derivatives Thereof 有权

    公开(公告)号：US20080004464A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-01-03

    申请号：US11667780

    申请日：2005-11-14

    申请人： Peter Murer ,  Jean-Pierre Wolf ,  Stephan Burkhardt ,  Hansjorg Grutzmacher ,  Daniel Stein ,  Kurt Dietliker

    发明人： Peter Murer ,  Jean-Pierre Wolf ,  Stephan Burkhardt ,  Hansjorg Grutzmacher ,  Daniel Stein ,  Kurt Dietliker

    IPC分类号： C07F9/50 ,  C07C69/66

    CPC分类号： G03F7/029 ,  C07F9/5036 ,  C07F9/5337 ,  C07F9/5537 ,  C07F9/65515 ,  C07F9/6552

    摘要： The invention relates to a process for the preparation of (bis)acylphosphanes of formula I, wherein n and m are each independently of the other 1 or 2; R1 if n=1, is e.g. unsubstituted or substituted C1-C18alkyl or C2-C18alkenyl, or phenyl, R1 if n=2, is e.g. a divalent radical of the monovalent radical defined above; R2 is e.g. C1-C18alkyl, C3-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C18alkenyl, mesityl, phenyl, naphthyl; R3 is one of the radicals defined under R1; the process comprises the steps a) contacting e.g. elemental phosphorous [P]∞, P(Hal)3 with a reducing metal optionally in the presence of a catalyst or an activator in a solvent to obtain metal phosphides Me3P or Me′3P2, wherein Me is an alkali metal and Me′ is an earth alkali metal or to obtain metal polyphosphides b) optionally adding a proton source, optionally in the presence of a catalyst or an activator to obtain metal dihydrogen phosphides MePH2; c) subsequent acylation reaction with m acid halides of formula III or m carboxylic acid esters of formula IV or, in case that in formula I m=1, with one carboxylic ester of formula IV followed by one acid halide of formula III or vice versa, wherein R is the residue of an alcohol and R2 is as defined above; d) alkylation reaction subsequent reaction with an electrophilic agent R1Hal or other electrophilic agents to obtain the compounds of formula I. An oxidation step may follow to obtain mono- and bisacylphosphane oxides or mono- and bisacylphosphane sulfides, which are used as photoinitiators.

    Biosensors
    10.
    发明申请
    Biosensors 审中-公开
    生物传感器

    公开(公告)号：US20070249063A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-10-25

    申请号：US11214012

    申请日：2005-08-30

    申请人： Philip Deshong ,  Douglas English ,  Daniel Stein ,  Mridula Kadalbajoo ,  Fehmi Damkaci

    发明人： Philip Deshong ,  Douglas English ,  Daniel Stein ,  Mridula Kadalbajoo ,  Fehmi Damkaci

    IPC分类号： G01N33/543 ,  C12Q1/68

    CPC分类号： G01N33/54346 ,  G01N33/54326

    摘要： Methods for detecting a biological interaction comprising administering a substrate comprising a ligand attached to the substrate wherein the ligand binds to a receptor and wherein a signal is produced. Also disclosed is a biosensor comprising a substrate and a ligand wherein the ligand is attached to the surface of the substrate and wherein the ligand preferentially binds to a receptor.

    摘要翻译： 用于检测生物相互作用的方法，包括施用包含与底物连接的配体的底物，其中配体结合受体并且其中产生信号。 还公开了包含底物和配体的生物传感器，其中配体连接到底物的表面，并且其中配体优先与受体结合。