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公开(公告)号：US5431967A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-11
申请号：US44971
申请日：1993-04-08
CPC分类号： C04B35/64 , B22F3/004 , B22F3/1055 , B23K26/34 , B23K35/0244 , B29C67/0077 , C04B35/622 , B22F2003/1052 , G05B2219/49013 , Y02P10/295
摘要： A method of fabricating three-dimensional objects in a layerwise fashion, and having high structural strength and high density, is disclosed. Methods are disclosed by which nanocomposite powders of ceramic-ceramic systems, ceramic-metal systems, ceramic-polymer systems, and metal-polymer systems are produced. Disclosed examples utilize solution chemistry approaches, such as sol-gel processing, by way of which a gel is produced which is then fired and milled to form a powder suitable for selective laser sintering, where a laser fuses selected portions of layers of the powders according to a computer-aided-design data base. The ultraheterogeneity of the powder results in larger surface area and grain boundaries of the constituents, which enhances the solid state diffusion mechanism, and thus reduces the time and temperature required for sintering to occur. In addition, the higher stored metastable energy of the nanocomposite powder is believed to enhance densification during solid-phase sintering. Objects of high density of complex shape may thus be obtained directly from CAD data base design representations.
摘要翻译： 公开了以分层方式制造三维物体并具有高结构强度和高密度的方法。 公开了陶瓷 - 陶瓷体系的纳米复合粉末，陶瓷 - 金属体系，陶瓷 - 聚合物体系和金属 - 聚合物体系的方法。 公开的实例利用诸如溶胶 - 凝胶加工之类的溶液化学方法，通过该溶液化学方法制备凝胶，然后将该凝胶进行烧制和研磨以形成适于选择性激光烧结的粉末，其中激光按照 计算机辅助设计数据库。 粉末的超异质性导致组分的更大的表面积和晶界，这增强了固态扩散机理，从而减少了烧结所需的时间和温度。 此外，纳米复合材料粉末的较高储存的亚稳态能被认为在固相烧结过程中增强致密化。 因此可以直接从CAD数据库设计表示获得高密度的复杂形状的对象。
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公开(公告)号：US5296062A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-22
申请号：US951349
申请日：1992-09-25
IPC分类号： B05C19/00 , B22F3/00 , B22F3/105 , B22F7/02 , B23K26/08 , B23K26/34 , B29C35/04 , B29C41/12 , B29C41/46 , B29C67/00 , C04B35/622 , C04B35/64 , C23C24/08 , C23C24/10 , C23C26/02 , G05B19/41 , B27N3/00 , B23K9/00 , B32B31/00
CPC分类号： B05C19/008 , B22F3/004 , B22F3/105 , B22F3/1055 , B22F7/02 , B23K26/08 , B23K26/082 , B23K26/34 , B29C41/12 , B29C41/46 , B29C67/0077 , C04B35/622 , C04B35/64 , C23C24/08 , C23C24/10 , C23C26/02 , G05B19/41 , B05C19/00 , B22F2003/1052 , B22F2998/00 , B22F2998/10 , B29C35/045 , G05B2219/49013 , G05B2219/49018 , Y02P10/295
摘要： A method and apparatus for selectively sintering a layer of powder to produce a part comprising a plurality of sintered layers. The apparatus includes a computer controlling a laser to direct the laser energy onto the powder to produce a sintered mass. The computer either determines or is programmed with the boundaries of the desired cross-sectional regions of the part. For each cross-section, the aim of the laser beam is scanned over a layer of powder and the beam is switched on to sinter only the powder within the boundaries of the cross-section. Powder is applied and successive layers sintered until a completed part is formed. Preferably, the powder comprises a plurality of materials having different dissociation or bonding temperatures. The powder preferably comprises blended or coated materials.
摘要翻译： 一种用于选择性地烧结一层粉末以产生包括多个烧结层的部分的方法和装置。 该装置包括控制激光以将激光能量引导到粉末上以产生烧结块的计算机。 计算机确定或编程了该部分所需横截面区域的边界。 对于每个横截面，激光束的目的是在一层粉末上扫描，并且光束被接通以仅在横截面的边界内烧结粉末。 施加粉末并连续层烧结直到形成完整的部分。 优选地，粉末包含具有不同解离或结合温度的多种材料。 粉末优选包含混合或涂覆的材料。
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3.发明授权Selective laser sintering of parts by compound formation of precursor powders 失效通过前体粉末的化合物形成对部件的选择性激光烧结
公开(公告)号：US5156697A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-20
申请号：US624419
申请日：1990-12-07
CPC分类号： C04B35/64 , B22F3/004 , B22F3/1055 , B22F3/23 , B23K26/34 , B23K35/0244 , B23K35/262 , B23K35/302 , B23K35/365 , B28B11/24 , B29C67/0077 , B22F2003/1052 , B22F2999/00 , G05B2219/49013 , Y02P10/295
摘要： A method and apparatus for selectively sintering a layer of powder to produce a part comprising a plurality of sintered layers. The apparatus includes a computer controlling a laser to direct the laser energy onto the powder to produce a sintered mass. The computer either determines or is programmed with the boundaries of the desired cross-sectional regions of the part. For each cross-section, the aim of the laser beam is scanned over a layer of powder and the beam is switched on to sinter only the powder within the boundaries of the cross-section. Powder is applied and successive layers sintered until a completed part is formed. Preferably, the powder comprises a plurality of materials having different dissociation or bonding temperatures. The powder preferably comprises blended or coated materials, including precursor materials which are formed into a mass at the irradiated locations, and which either react due to the laser thermal energy or in a later heat treatment to form a compound with properties different than the precursors. Examples are disclosed wherein a compound is formed which has a significantly higher melting point than that of one or more of the precursor powders.
摘要翻译： 一种用于选择性地烧结一层粉末以产生包括多个烧结层的部分的方法和装置。 该装置包括控制激光以将激光能量引导到粉末上以产生烧结块的计算机。 计算机确定或编程了该部分所需横截面区域的边界。 对于每个横截面，激光束的目的是在一层粉末上扫描，并且光束被接通以仅烧结在横截面的边界内的粉末。 施加粉末并连续层烧结直到形成完整的部分。 优选地，粉末包含具有不同解离或结合温度的多种材料。 粉末优选包括混合或涂覆的材料，包括在照射位置处形成质量的前体材料，并且由于激光热能或在稍后的热处理中反应以形成具有不同于前体的性质的化合物。 公开了其中形成具有比一种或多种前体粉末的熔点显着更高的熔点的化合物的实例。
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4.发明授权Mold useful for injection molding of plastics, and methods of production and uses thereof 失效用于塑料注射成型的模具及其制造方法及其用途
公开(公告)号：US5678162A
公开(公告)日：1997-10-14
申请号：US339988
申请日：1994-11-14
申请人： Joel W. Barlow , Balasubramanian Badrinarayan , Joseph J. Beaman , David L. Bourell , Richard H. Crawford , Harris L. Marcus , James R. Tobin , Neal K. Vail
发明人： Joel W. Barlow , Balasubramanian Badrinarayan , Joseph J. Beaman , David L. Bourell , Richard H. Crawford , Harris L. Marcus , James R. Tobin , Neal K. Vail
CPC分类号： B22F3/225 , B22F5/007 , B29C33/3807 , B22F2998/00 , B22F2998/10 , B22F2999/00 , B29K2863/00 , B29K2903/06 , Y02P10/292 , Y02P10/295
摘要： A mold useful for injection molding, comprising: a porous network of metal and oxidized metal and a cured epoxy resin dispersed in the porous network. The mold can be prepared by a process comprising the sequential steps of (a) forming a mixture of a metal powder and a polymer binder; (b) heating the mixture at a temperature in the range from about 100.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. to remove a majority of the polymer binder from the mixture; (c) heating the mixture resulting from step (b) at a temperature greater than about 300.degree. C. and less than the melting point of the metal in the presence of oxygen to oxidize at least a portion of the metal to form a self-adhering porous network of metal and oxidized metal; (d) contacting the self-adhering porous network with an epoxy resin to fill at least a portion of the porous network with epoxy resin; and (e) curing the body resulting from step (d) to form the mold. The shape of the mold can be performed by selective laser sintering of the mixture.
摘要翻译： 一种用于注射成型的模具，包括：金属和氧化金属的多孔网络和分散在多孔网络中的固化的环氧树脂。 模具可以通过包括以下顺序步骤的方法制备：（a）形成金属粉末和聚合物粘合剂的混合物; （b）在约100℃至约300℃的温度范围内加热该混合物以从混合物中除去大部分聚合物粘合剂; （c）在大于约300℃的温度下加热由步骤（b）产生的混合物，并且在氧的存在下小于金属的熔点以氧化至少一部分金属， 粘附金属和氧化金属的多孔网络; （d）使自粘多孔网络与环氧树脂接触，以用环氧树脂填充至少一部分多孔网; 和（e）固化由步骤（d）产生的主体以形成模具。 模具的形状可以通过混合物的选择性激光烧结来进行。
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公开(公告)号：US5382308A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-17
申请号：US215265
申请日：1994-03-21
IPC分类号： B05C19/00 , B22F3/00 , B22F3/105 , B22F7/02 , B23K26/08 , B23K26/34 , B29C35/04 , B29C41/12 , B29C41/46 , B29C67/00 , C04B35/622 , C04B35/64 , C23C24/08 , C23C24/10 , C23C26/02 , G05B19/41 , B27N3/00 , B23K9/00 , B32B31/00
CPC分类号： B05C19/008 , B22F3/004 , B22F3/105 , B22F3/1055 , B22F7/02 , B23K26/08 , B23K26/082 , B23K26/34 , B29C41/12 , B29C41/46 , B29C67/0077 , C04B35/622 , C04B35/64 , C23C24/08 , C23C24/10 , C23C26/02 , G05B19/41 , B05C19/00 , B22F2003/1052 , B22F2998/00 , B22F2998/10 , B29C35/045 , G05B2219/49013 , G05B2219/49018 , Y02P10/295
摘要： A method and apparatus for selectively sintering a layer of powder to produce a part comprising a plurality of sintered layers. The apparatus includes a computer controlling a laser to direct the laser energy onto the powder to produce a sintered mass. The computer either determines or is programmed with the boundaries of the desired cross-sectional regions of the part. For each cross-section, the aim of the laser beam is scanned over a layer of powder and the beam is switched on to sinter only the powder within the boundaries of the cross-section. Powder is applied and successive layers sintered until a completed part is formed. Preferably, the powder comprises a plurality of materials having different dissociation or bonding temperatures. The powder preferably comprises blended or coated materials.
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6.发明授权Method of producing parts by selective beam interaction of powder with gas phase reactant 失效通过粉末与气相反应物的选择性束相互作用来生产部件的方法
公开(公告)号：US5182170A
公开(公告)日：1993-01-26
申请号：US692172
申请日：1991-04-26
CPC分类号： C04B35/64 , B22F3/004 , B22F3/1055 , B23K26/34 , B29C67/0077 , B29C67/0088 , C04B35/622 , C23C24/10 , C23C8/06 , B22F2003/1052 , G05B2219/49013 , Y02P10/295 , Y10T428/12049 , Y10T428/29
摘要： A method and apparatus for selectively sintering a layer of powder to produce a part comprising a plurality of sintered layers. The apparatus includes a computer controlling a laser to direct the laser energy onto each layer of the powder to produce a sintered mass corresponding to a cross-section of the part. For each cross-section, the aim of the laser beam is scanned over a layer of powder and the beam is switched on to sinter only the powder within the boundaries of the cross-section. Powder is applied and successive layers sintered until a completed part is formed. Also disclosed is a method of forming a part by interaction of material in the powder layer with reactants in the surrounding atmosphere, at locations of the powder irradiated by the energy, or laser, beam. The reaction may be nitridation, oxidation or carburization of the powder, with the product being a chemical compound of one or more constituents in the powder with one or more gases in the atmosphere. Alternatively, reduction of the powder may be so enabled by the energy beam so that a metallic phase product is formed at the irradiated locations. Particular benefits of the invention include the densification of the material of the part as a result of the reaction, and the ability to form high temperature materials by way of a relatively low temperature process.
摘要翻译： 一种用于选择性地烧结一层粉末以产生包括多个烧结层的部分的方法和装置。 该装置包括控制激光器的计算机，以将激光能量引导到粉末的每一层上，以产生对应于该部件的横截面的烧结块。 对于每个横截面，激光束的目的是在一层粉末上扫描，并且光束被接通以仅在横截面的边界内烧结粉末。 施加粉末并连续层烧结直到形成完整的部分。 还公开了通过粉末层中的材料与周围环境中的反应物，在被能量或激光束照射的粉末的位置处的相互作用形成部分的方法。 该反应可以是粉末的氮化，氧化或渗碳，产物是粉末中一种或多种组分的化合物，其中一种或多种气体在大气中。 或者，可以通过能量束来实现粉末的还原，使得在照射位置处形成金属相产物。 本发明的特别优点包括作为反应的结果的部件的材料的致密化以及通过相对低的温度过程形成高温材料的能力。
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公开(公告)号：US5076869A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-31
申请号：US559338
申请日：1990-07-30
IPC分类号： B05C19/00 , B22F3/00 , B22F3/105 , B22F7/02 , B23K26/08 , B23K26/34 , B29C35/04 , B29C41/12 , B29C41/46 , B29C67/00 , C23C24/08 , C23C24/10 , C23C26/02 , G05B19/41
CPC分类号： G05B19/41 , B05C19/008 , B22F3/004 , B22F3/105 , B22F3/1055 , B22F7/02 , B23K26/08 , B23K26/082 , B23K26/34 , B23K35/0244 , B23K35/3613 , B29C41/12 , B29C41/46 , B29C67/0077 , C23C24/08 , C23C24/10 , C23C26/02 , B05C19/00 , B22F2003/1052 , B22F2998/00 , B22F2998/10 , B29C35/045 , G05B2219/49013 , G05B2219/49018 , Y02P10/295 , Y02P90/265
摘要： A method and apparatus for selectively sintering a layer of powder to produce a part comprising a plurality of sintered layers. The apparatus includes a computer controlling a laser to direct the laser energy onto the powder to produce a sintered mass. The computer either determines or is programmed with the boundaries of the desired cross-sectional regions of the part. For each cross-section, the aim of the laser beam is scanned over a layer of powder and the beam is switched onto sinter only the powder within the boundaries of the cross-section. Powder is applied and successive layers sintered until a completed part is formed. Preferably, the powder comprises a plurality of materials having different dissociation or bonding temperatures. The powder preferably comprises blended or coated materials.
摘要翻译： 一种用于选择性地烧结一层粉末以产生包括多个烧结层的部分的方法和装置。 该装置包括控制激光以将激光能量引导到粉末上以产生烧结块的计算机。 计算机确定或编程了该部分所需横截面区域的边界。 对于每个横截面，激光束的目的是在一层粉末上扫描，并且将光束切换到烧结仅在横截面边界内的粉末。 施加粉末并连续层烧结直到形成完整的部分。 优选地，粉末包含具有不同解离或结合温度的多种材料。 粉末优选包含混合或涂覆的材料。
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公开(公告)号：US4944817A
公开(公告)日：1990-07-31
申请号：US402694
申请日：1989-09-05
IPC分类号： B05C19/00 , B22F3/00 , B22F3/105 , B22F7/02 , B23K26/08 , B23K26/34 , B29C35/04 , B29C41/12 , B29C41/46 , B29C67/00 , C23C24/08 , C23C24/10 , C23C26/02 , G05B19/41
CPC分类号： G05B19/41 , B05C19/008 , B22F3/004 , B22F3/105 , B22F3/1055 , B22F7/02 , B23K26/08 , B23K26/082 , B23K26/34 , B29C41/12 , B29C41/46 , B29C67/0077 , C23C24/08 , C23C24/10 , C23C26/02 , B05C19/00 , B22F2003/1052 , B22F2003/1056 , B22F2998/00 , B22F2998/10 , B29C35/045 , G05B2219/49013 , G05B2219/49018 , Y02P10/295
摘要： A method and apparatus for selectively sintering a layer of powder to produce a part comprising a plurality of sintered layers. The apparatus includes a computer controlling a laser to direct the laser energy onto the powder to produce a sintered mass. The computer either determines or is programmed with the boundaries of the desired cross-sectional regions of the part. For each cross-section, the aim of the laser beam is scanned over a layer of powder and the beam is switched on to sinter only the powder within the boundaries of the cross-section. Powder is applied and successive layers sintered until a completed part is formed. Preferably, the powder comprises a plurality of materials having different dissociation or bonding temperatures. The powder preferably comprises blended or coated materials.
摘要翻译： 一种用于选择性地烧结一层粉末以产生包括多个烧结层的部分的方法和装置。 该装置包括控制激光以将激光能量引导到粉末上以产生烧结块的计算机。 计算机确定或编程了该部分所需横截面区域的边界。 对于每个横截面，激光束的目的是在一层粉末上扫描，并且光束被接通以仅在横截面的边界内烧结粉末。 施加粉末并连续层烧结直到形成完整的部分。 优选地，粉末包含具有不同解离或结合温度的多种材料。 粉末优选包含混合或涂覆的材料。
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9.发明授权Laser-directed fabrication of full-density metal articles using hot isostatic processing 失效使用热等静压处理的激光定向制造全密度金属制品
公开(公告)号：US5640667A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-17
申请号：US563220
申请日：1995-11-27
CPC分类号： B29C67/0077 , B22F3/1055 , B22F3/1266 , B22F3/15 , Y02P10/295
摘要： A method of fabricating a fully-dense three-dimensional metal article is disclosed. According to a first embodiment of the invention, the interior portion of the article is formed by way of selective laser sintering, in a cross-section of a layer of powder. After formation of the layer of powder, the laser is directed to form a gas-impervious skin around the interior portion of the article in that layer. The process is repeated, until the article is completed. The article surrounded by the skin is then subjected to hot isostatic pressing to densify the article; the skin, which serves as the "can" for the hot isostatic pressing, may or may not be removed from the article, as desired. According to a second embodiment of the invention, the can is formed first by way of laser generation, and is then filled with the metal powder, prior to hot isostatic pressing.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种制造全密度三维金属制品的方法。 根据本发明的第一实施例，制品的内部通过选择性激光烧结形成，在粉末层的横截面中。 在形成粉末层之后，激光被引导以在该层中的物品的内部部分周围形成不透气的皮肤。 重复该过程，直到文章完成。 然后将由皮肤包围的物品进行热等静压，使物品致密化; 根据需要，用作热等静压的“罐”的皮肤可以或可以不从制品中去除。 根据本发明的第二实施例，罐首先通过激光产生形成，然后在热等静压之前用金属粉末填充。
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