公开(公告)号：US08701464B2

公开(公告)日：2014-04-22

申请号：US13335150

申请日：2011-12-22

申请人： Andrew Tipler ,  James Botelho ,  Avinash Dalmia ,  Michael J. Rafa ,  John Vanderhoef ,  Paul Schallis ,  Neal Green ,  David J. Scott ,  John McCaffrey ,  Paul St. Cyr ,  E. Joel McCorkle ,  Giuseppe Coppola

发明人： Andrew Tipler ,  James Botelho ,  Avinash Dalmia ,  Michael J. Rafa ,  John Vanderhoef ,  Paul Schallis ,  Neal Green ,  David J. Scott ,  John McCaffrey ,  Paul St. Cyr ,  E. Joel McCorkle ,  Giuseppe Coppola

IPC分类号： G01N30/04 ,  B01D53/02

CPC分类号： G01N30/30 ,  G01N2030/3076 ,  G01N2030/3084

摘要： A gas chromatography system comprising a sample introduction device, an oven coupled to the sample introduction device and a detector coupled to the oven is disclosed. In certain examples, the oven may be configured to receive a chromatography column in a space in the oven. In some examples, the oven may be constructed and arranged to provide a substantially constant temperature to the space during an analysis stage of the gas chromatography system.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种气相色谱系统，其包括样品引入装置，耦合到样品引入装置的烘箱和耦合到烘箱的检测器。 在某些实例中，烘箱可以被配置成在烘箱的空间中接收色谱柱。 在一些实例中，烘箱可以被构造和布置成在气相色谱系统的分析阶段期间向空间提供基本恒定的温度。

公开(公告)号：US07909981B2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-22

申请号：US11070299

申请日：2005-03-02

申请人： Avinash Dalmia

发明人： Avinash Dalmia

IPC分类号： G01N27/38

CPC分类号： G01N27/4045 ,  G01N27/38 ,  G01N33/0044

摘要： The present teachings relate to systems and methods for oxidizing a sensor having a substrate, an electrode in contact with the substrate, and an electrolytic material in contact with the electrode, where oxidizing includes applying an oxidizing potential (between approximately 350 mV and 700 mV) to the electrode. In some embodiments, the methods and systems include hydrating the sensor by applying a hydrating potential (between approximately 0 mV and −500 mV) to the electrode. In some embodiments, the applied potential can vary cyclically between an oxidizing and hydrating potential.

摘要翻译： 本教导涉及用于氧化具有衬底的传感器，与衬底接触的电极和与电极接触的电解材料的系统和方法，其中氧化包括施加氧化电位（在约350mV和700mV之间） 到电极。 在一些实施方案中，所述方法和系统包括通过向电极施加水合电位（在约0mV和-500mV之间）来水合所述传感器。 在一些实施方案中，所施加的电位可以在氧化和水合潜能之间周期性变化。

公开(公告)号：US07658823B2

公开(公告)日：2010-02-09

申请号：US11875327

申请日：2007-10-19

申请人： Avinash Dalmia ,  Otto J. Prohaska

发明人： Avinash Dalmia ,  Otto J. Prohaska

IPC分类号： C25B9/00

CPC分类号： C25B9/06 ,  C25B9/08 ,  G01N27/44 ,  G01N33/0006

摘要： The invention relates to an electrochemical gas generator including a substrate for providing a surface for electrode deposition, a first electrode deposited on the surface for providing an electrical connection with a conducting medium, a second electrode deposited on the substrate for generating a gas, and a plurality of members extending from at least one side of the first electrode placed alternately with a plurality of extensions protruding from at least one side of the second electrode for improving generator efficiency.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种电化学气体发生器，其包括用于提供用于电极沉积的表面的基板，沉积在表面上用于提供与导电介质的电连接的第一电极，沉积在基板上用于产生气体的第二电极，以及 从第一电极的至少一侧延伸的多个构件交替布置有从第二电极的至少一侧突出的多个延伸部，用于提高发电机效率。

公开(公告)号：US20090317300A1

公开(公告)日：2009-12-24

申请号：US10952111

申请日：2004-09-28

申请人： Otto J. Prohaska ,  Avinash Dalmia

发明人： Otto J. Prohaska ,  Avinash Dalmia

IPC分类号： B01J19/00

CPC分类号： G01N1/2226 ,  G01N35/1097 ,  G01N2001/2229 ,  Y10T436/20 ,  Y10T436/25875

摘要： The invention relates to a method and apparatus for determining a concentration of a component in an unknown mixture. The method includes the steps of preparing a reactant having a specified pH level and a specified temperature and combining the unknown mixture with the reactant. The method further includes varying the pH level and temperature of the combination of the reactant and the unknown mixture to facilitate converting at least one selected component. Upon varying the pH level and temperature, the method will release volatiles from the selected component(s). Based on these released volatiles, which indicate the concentration of the selected component(s), the method detects the indication. The apparatus for determining a concentration of a component in an unknown mixture includes a container having a specified volume, a reactant chamber, and a sample chamber. The receptacle contains a reactant, placed within the reactant chamber, having a predetermined pH level and a predetermined volume. The receptacle also has a headspace sampling interface in contact with the container for permitting connection to a headspace sampling device and a sample introduction interface for permitting connection to a sample injector to introduce a sample into the sample chamber.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于确定未知混合物中组分浓度的方法和装置。 该方法包括制备具有特定pH值和特定温度的反应物并将未知混合物与反应物组合的步骤。 该方法还包括改变反应物和未知混合物的组合的pH水平和温度，以便于转化至少一种选择的组分。 在改变pH水平和温度时，该方法将从所选择的组分中释放挥发物。 基于这些释放的挥发物，其表示所选组分的浓度，该方法检测指示。 用于确定未知混合物中的组分浓度的装置包括具有特定体积的容器，反应物室和样品室。 容器包含放置在反应物室内的具有预定pH水平和预定体积的反应物。 容器还具有与容器接触的顶空采样接口，用于允许连接到顶空采样装置和样品引入界面，用于允许连接到样品注射器以将样品引入样品室。

公开(公告)号：US20080289962A1

公开(公告)日：2008-11-27

申请号：US12187040

申请日：2008-08-06

申请人： Otto J. Prohaska ,  Avinash Dalmia

发明人： Otto J. Prohaska ,  Avinash Dalmia

IPC分类号： G01N27/407

CPC分类号： G01N27/4045 ,  Y10T29/49002 ,  Y10T156/10

摘要： A miniaturized gas sensor comprised of film type electrodes, on a non-conductive supportive substrate, and in contact with a dry ionomer electrolyte, for detection of toxic gases, i.e., carbon monoxide, and other oxidizable or reducible gases and vapors and method of making same is described. The all-solid planar sensor cell has two or more film type electrodes arranged on a non-conductive planar surface of a supportive substrate. Manufacturing the electrochemical sensor with dry ionomer prevents electrode flooding and allows for improved response time upon assembly. The sensor cell contains no liquid electrolyte and is operated in a constant-voltage, potentiostatic or potentiodynamic mode. A high sensitivity to a select gas or vapor is achieved by a three-phase contact area design for a sensing electrode, which provides contact with the solid ionomer electrolyte, as well as the gas sample via diffusion openings or holes that penetrate through the supportive substrate.

摘要翻译： 一种小型化气体传感器，由薄膜型电极组成，在非导电支撑基板上，并与干燥的离聚物电解质接触，用于检测有毒气体，即一氧化碳和其他可氧化或可还原的气体和蒸汽，以及制造方法 同样的描述。 全固体平面传感器单元具有布置在支撑衬底的非导电平面上的两个或更多个膜型电极。 使用干燥离聚物制造电化学传感器可防止电极淹没，并允许在组装时改善响应时间。 传感器单元不含液体电解质，并以恒定电压，恒电位或电位动力学模式运行。 通过用于感测电极的三相接触面积设计来实现对选择气体或蒸气的高灵敏度，其提供与固体离聚物电解质的接触，以及通过穿过支撑衬底的扩散开口或孔的气体样品 。

公开(公告)号：US20060088943A1

公开(公告)日：2006-04-27

申请号：US11265731

申请日：2005-11-02

申请人： Otto Prohaska ,  Avinash Dalmia

发明人： Otto Prohaska ,  Avinash Dalmia

IPC分类号： G01N33/00

CPC分类号： G01N1/2226 ,  G01N35/1097 ,  G01N2001/2229 ,  Y10T436/20 ,  Y10T436/25875

摘要： The invention relates to a method and apparatus for determining a concentration of a component in an unknown mixture. The method includes the steps of preparing a reactant having a specified pH level and a specified temperature and combining the unknown mixture with the reactant. The method further includes varying the pH level and temperature of the combination of the reactant and the unknown mixture to facilitate converting at least one selected component. Upon varying the pH level and temperature, the method will release volatiles from the selected component(s). Based on these released volatiles, which indicate the concentration of the selected component(s), the method detects the indication. The apparatus for determining a concentration of a component in an unknown mixture includes a container having a specified volume, a reactant chamber, and a sample chamber. The receptacle contains a reactant, placed within the reactant chamber, having a predetermined pH level and a predetermined volume. The receptacle also has a headspace sampling interface in contact with the container for permitting connection to a headspace sampling device and a sample introduction interface for permitting connection to a sample injector to introduce a sample into the sample chamber.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于确定未知混合物中组分浓度的方法和装置。 该方法包括制备具有特定pH值和特定温度的反应物并将未知混合物与反应物组合的步骤。 该方法还包括改变反应物和未知混合物的组合的pH水平和温度，以便于转化至少一种选择的组分。 在改变pH水平和温度时，该方法将从所选择的组分中释放挥发物。 基于这些释放的挥发物，其表示所选组分的浓度，该方法检测指示。 用于确定未知混合物中的组分浓度的装置包括具有特定体积的容器，反应物室和样品室。 容器包含放置在反应物室内的具有预定pH水平和预定体积的反应物。 容器还具有与容器接触的顶空采样接口，用于允许连接到顶空采样装置和样品引入界面，用于允许连接到样品注射器以将样品引入样品室。

公开(公告)号：US20060075802A1

公开(公告)日：2006-04-13

申请号：US11280994

申请日：2005-11-17

申请人： Otto Prohaska ,  Avinash Dalmia ,  Andrew Tipler

发明人： Otto Prohaska ,  Avinash Dalmia ,  Andrew Tipler

IPC分类号： G01N30/62

CPC分类号： G01N30/62 ,  G01N27/4045 ,  G01N30/64 ,  G01N2030/025 ,  G01N2030/125 ,  G01N2030/645

摘要： The invention includes a method and apparatus for a chromatography system having a chromatographic column for separating gases in a mixture from one another and an electrochemical gas sensor coupled to the chromatographic column for detecting a gas being emitted from the column. The electrochemical gas sensor further includes a substrate having a surface for depositing electrodes thereon, an ionomer membrane in contact with the surface, an electrode in contact with the surface, and an opening in the ionomer membrane in a location proximate to the electrode for permitting a gas to diffuse through the opening to simultaneously contact the electrode and the ionomer membrane within the opening.

公开(公告)号：US20050269203A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-08

申请号：US11198812

申请日：2005-08-05

申请人： Avinash Dalmia ,  Otto Prohaska

发明人： Avinash Dalmia ,  Otto Prohaska

IPC分类号： G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/49 ,  G01N27/26

CPC分类号： G01N27/4045

摘要： The invention relates to an electrochemical gas sensor having both a reference sensor and an active sensor, whereby each reference and active sensor includes a substrate, a counter electrode deposited on a surface of the substrate, a sensing electrode also deposited on the surface, and a solid electrolytic material in electrical contact with both electrodes for carrying a flow of ions between them, which measures a concentration of a gas and compensates for relative humidity differences between sample gas and surrounding atmosphere. The sensor also includes a layer of solid electrolytic material on the sensing electrode of the reference sensor and a film of solid electrolytic material on the sensing electrode of the active sensor, whereby the layer is thicker than the film. The invention may further include a reference electrode in both the reference and active sensors for improving sensor accuracy and/or repeatability.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种具有参考传感器和有源传感器两者的电化学气体传感器，其中每个参考和主动传感器包括基底，沉积在基底表面上的对电极，还沉积在表面上的感测电极，以及 固体电解质材料与两个电极电接触，用于在它们之间携带离子流，其测量气体的浓度并补偿样品气体和周围大气之间的相对湿度差异。 该传感器还包括在参考传感器的感测电极上的固体电解质层和活性传感器的感测电极上的固体电解质膜，由此该层比该膜厚。 本发明还可以包括用于提高传感器精度和/或可重复性的参考电极和有源传感器中的参考电极。

公开(公告)号：US06872290B2

公开(公告)日：2005-03-29

申请号：US10007234

申请日：2001-10-22

申请人： Avinash Dalmia ,  Otto J. Prohaska

发明人： Avinash Dalmia ,  Otto J. Prohaska

IPC分类号： G01N27/49 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G01N27/407

CPC分类号： G01N27/404 ,  G01N33/0009 ,  G01N33/0036 ,  Y10T156/10

摘要： The invention relates to an electrochemical gas sensor having improved response time and sensitivity. The electrochemical gas sensor includes a substrate for providing a surface upon which a film of conductive material may be deposited, a pair of electrodes deposited on the substrate for permitting a measurement of current, and an electrolytic material for providing an electrical connection between the electrodes. The electrochemical gas sensor further includes a passage in the surface for holding or transporting gas received from a gas source, whereby sensing occurs at a three way interface where the gas, electrolytic material, and electrodes come in direct contact with one another.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及具有改善的响应时间和灵敏度的电化学气体传感器。 电化学气体传感器包括用于提供可以沉积导电材料的膜的表面的基底，沉积在基底上以允许测量电流的一对电极，以及用于在电极之间提供电连接的电解质材料。 电化学气体传感器还包括在表面中用于保持或输送从气体源接收的气体的通道，由此在气体，电解材料和电极彼此直接接触的三通界面处发生感测。

公开(公告)号：US08104326B2

公开(公告)日：2012-01-31

申请号：US11841054

申请日：2007-08-20

申请人： Andrew Tipler ,  James Botelho ,  Avinash Dalmia ,  Michael J. Rafa ,  John Vanderhoef ,  Paul Schallis ,  Neal Green ,  David J. Scott ,  John McCaffrey ,  Paul St. Cyr ,  E. Joel McCorkle ,  Guiseppe Coppola

发明人： Andrew Tipler ,  James Botelho ,  Avinash Dalmia ,  Michael J. Rafa ,  John Vanderhoef ,  Paul Schallis ,  Neal Green ,  David J. Scott ,  John McCaffrey ,  Paul St. Cyr ,  E. Joel McCorkle ,  Guiseppe Coppola

IPC分类号： G01N30/04

CPC分类号： G01N30/30 ,  G01N2030/3076 ,  G01N2030/3084

摘要： A gas chromatography system comprising a sample introduction device, an oven coupled to the sample introduction device and a detector coupled to the oven is disclosed. In certain examples, the oven may be configured to receive a chromatography column in a space in the oven. In some examples, the oven may be constructed and arranged to provide a substantially constant temperature to the space during an analysis stage of the gas chromatography system.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种气相色谱系统，其包括样品引入装置，耦合到样品引入装置的烘箱和耦合到烘箱的检测器。 在某些实例中，烘箱可以被配置成在烘箱的空间中接收色谱柱。 在一些实例中，烘箱可以被构造和布置成在气相色谱系统的分析阶段期间向空间提供基本恒定的温度。