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公开(公告)号：US06546170B1
公开(公告)日：2003-04-08
申请号：US09799089
申请日：2001-03-06
IPC分类号： G02B642
CPC分类号： G02B6/2843 , G02B6/02109 , G02B6/105 , G02B6/2552 , G02B6/278 , G02B6/2835 , G02B6/29334 , G02B6/29394
摘要： Asymmetric grating assisted couplers present unique problems if dispersion is to be reduced to levels at which high data rate signals can be transmitted. To overcome these problems, the method of the present invention includes precisely controlling and monitoring the cross-sectional geometry of the coupler during stretching and fusing. By monitoring states of polarization in lowest order modes as the coupler is formed, coupler fusion can be terminated when optimum form birefringence minimizing PMD is achieved. Dispersion is further minimized by impressing a saturated index of refraction grating with substantially flat add/drop characteristics in the coupler, and introducing a controlled amount of twist.
摘要翻译： 如果将色散降低到可以传输高数据速率信号的电平，则非对称光栅辅助耦合器会带来独特的问题。 为了克服这些问题，本发明的方法包括在拉伸和熔化期间精确地控制和监视耦合器的横截面几何形状。 通过在形成耦合器时监测最低阶模式的极化状态，当实现最小化PMD的最佳形式双折射时，可以终止耦合器熔合。 通过在耦合器中施加具有基本平坦的加/减特性的饱和折射率光栅，并且引入受控量的扭曲，进一步使色散最小化。
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公开(公告)号：US06459487B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-01
申请号：US09944126
申请日：2001-09-04
IPC分类号： G01B902
CPC分类号： G02B6/29302 , G02B6/272 , G02B6/2766 , G02B6/2773 , G02B6/29358
摘要： Optical components, particularly microoptic glass components used in synthesizing birefringence in filter systems based on polarization interferometer techniques, are fabricated using systems and methods which provide accurate frequency periodicity measurements. These measurements are derived from differential delays induced by in-process glass elements between beam components in a polarization interferometer unit and from progressive wavelength scanning across a wavelength band of interest. The consequent sinusoidal output variation has peak to peak spacings which are measured to provide frequency periodicity values from which precise length corrections for the optical elements can be calculated.
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公开(公告)号：US06201909B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-13
申请号：US09210844
申请日：1998-12-15
IPC分类号： G02B634
CPC分类号： G02B6/29334 , G02B6/02085 , G02B6/02109 , G02B6/02114 , G02B6/02138 , G02B6/02152 , G02B6/022 , G02B6/02204 , G02B6/12007 , G02B6/2835 , G02B6/29343 , G02B6/29383 , G02B6/29395 , G02F1/3131 , G02F1/3132 , G02F2201/307 , G02F2203/055 , H04J14/0206 , H04J14/0209 , H04J14/021 , H04J14/0212 , H04J14/0213 , H04J14/0219 , H04J14/0221
摘要： Using the wavelength selectivity and low loss characteristics of optical couplers, in which index of refraction gratings in a non-evanescent waveguide merged region reflect only a selected wavelength band, signal switching and control systems of novel characteristics are provided for multi-wavelength optical communication systems. In a router, for example, selected wavelengths or wavelength bands on an add/drop line can be added to or dropped from a main fiber, by cross switching between wavelength selective loops disposed sequentially in the lines. In a collector box, as another example, selected wavelength bundles can be routed from one fiber onto multiple fibers. In a bandpass filter a selected wavelength band is transmitted with low loss while those wavelengths outside the selected wavelength band are rejected with very high loss.
摘要翻译： 利用光学耦合器的波长选择性和低损耗特性，其中非消逝波导合并区域中的折射率光栅仅反射所选择的波长带，为多波长光通信系统提供了新颖特性的信号切换和控制系统 。 在路由器中，例如，可以通过在线路中顺序布置的波长选择性循环之间的交叉切换，将添加/分出线上的选定波长或波长带添加到主光纤或从主光纤掉落。 在收集箱中，作为另一示例，所选波长束可以从一根光纤路由到多条光纤上。 在带通滤波器中，以低损耗传输所选择的波段，而以非常高的损耗拒绝所选波长带外的那些波长。
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公开(公告)号：US06289699B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-18
申请号：US09035919
申请日：1998-03-06
IPC分类号： C03B3715
CPC分类号： G02B6/29334 , G02B6/02085 , G02B6/021 , G02B6/02109 , G02B6/02114 , G02B6/02133 , G02B6/02138 , G02B6/02152 , G02B6/022 , G02B6/02204 , G02B6/12007 , G02B6/2835 , G02B6/29383 , H04J14/0201 , H04J14/0206 , H04J14/0209 , H04J14/0213 , H04J14/0219
摘要： A wavelength selective optical fiber coupler having various applications in the field of optical communications is disclosed. The coupler is composed of dissimilar waveguides in close proximity. A light induced, permanent index of refraction grating is recorded in the coupler waist The grating filters and transfers energy within a particular range of wavelengths from a first waveguide to a second waveguide. Transversely asymmetric gratings provide an efficient means of energy transfer. The coupler can be used to combine or multiplex a plurality of lasers operating at slightly different wavelengths into a single fiber. Other embodiments such as a dispersion compensator and gain flattening filter are disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种在光通信领域具有各种应用的波长选择性光纤耦合器。 耦合器由相邻的不同波导组成。 光诱导的永久折射率光栅被记录在耦合器腰部中。光栅在从第一波导到第二波导的特定波长范围内过滤和传递能量。 横向不对称光栅提供了有效的能量传递手段。 耦合器可用于将以稍微不同的波长工作的多个激光器组合或多路复用到单个光纤中。 公开了诸如色散补偿器和增益平坦化滤光器的其它实施例。
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公开(公告)号：US06169830A
公开(公告)日：2001-01-02
申请号：US09128476
申请日：1998-08-04
申请人： Anthony S. Kewitsch , George A. Rakuljic , Doruk Engin , Seth J. Greenberg , Phil A. Willems , Xiaolin Tong
发明人： Anthony S. Kewitsch , George A. Rakuljic , Doruk Engin , Seth J. Greenberg , Phil A. Willems , Xiaolin Tong
IPC分类号： G02B634
CPC分类号： G02B6/02204 , G02B6/02085 , G02B6/02109 , G02B6/02114 , G02B6/02133 , G02B6/02138 , G02B6/02152 , G02B6/0218 , G02B6/022 , G02B6/12007 , G02B6/2835
摘要： Advantageous methodologies are disclosed for embedding periodic patterns in optical waveguide elements such as optical fibers. Polarization independence in an elongated waist region of an add/drop coupler can be established by measuring polarization characteristics during fusion and elongation, and controlling the elongation to impart a cross-sectional shape, such as a hybrid dumbbell-ellipsoid. Polarization dependence can also be minimized by angular deformation of the elements along the light transmissive axis. To write a pattern, an element having potential photosensitivity is markedly photosensitized in a hydrogen or deuterium environment pressurized to about 1000 to 5000 psi and a scanning UV beam that is transmitted through a photo mask and impinges on the coupler waist as the in-diffused gas is constantly replenished. Dimensional variations in the element which can affect spectral bandwidth are sensed by writing a preliminary test pattern in the element and then locally measuring the spectral properties of the test pattern and adjusting the local levels of background index of refractions so that the modal index of refraction is substantially constant along the length of the pattern. A relatively wide scanning writing beam tracks on a narrower waveguide element despite positional imprecision and temporal shifting by using a feedback signal derived from fluorescence induced in the element. To apodize the grating in accordance with a selected function, a constant power beam is directed through a rotating half-wave plate and divided by a polarizing beam splitter into two beams having oppositely varying DC amplitude characteristics. The two beams are separately varied to produce the desired apodization profile of the grating.
摘要翻译： 公开了在诸如光纤的光波导元件中嵌入周期性图案的有利方法。 通过在熔融和伸长期间测量极化特性，并控制延伸率以赋予横截面形状，例如混合哑铃 - 椭圆体，可以建立加/减耦合器的细长腰部区域中的极化独立性。 也可以通过沿着透光轴的元件的角度变形来最小化极化依赖性。 为了编写图案，具有潜在光敏性的元件在加压至约1000至5000psi的氢或氘环境中被显着光敏化，并且扫描UV光束透射通过光掩模并且作为扩散气体撞击在耦合器的腰部上 不断补充。 通过在元素中写入初步测试图案然后局部测量测试图案的光谱特性并调整折射背景指数的局部水平，以便使模态折射率为 沿着图案的长度基本上恒定。 尽管通过使用从元件中诱导的荧光得到的反馈信号，位置不精确和时间偏移，相对宽的扫描写入光束在较窄的波导元件上轨迹。 为了根据所选择的功能使光栅变迹，恒定功率光束通过旋转半波片并被偏振分束器分成两束，具有相反变化的直流振幅特性。 两个光束分开变化，以产生光栅所需的变迹曲线。
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公开(公告)号：US07848370B2
公开(公告)日：2010-12-07
申请号：US12020424
申请日：2008-01-25
IPC分类号： H01S3/13
CPC分类号： H01S3/2383 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/10053 , H01S3/1618 , H01S3/2308 , H01S5/042 , H01S5/06821 , H01S5/4025
摘要： Semiconductor diode lasers are phase-locked by direct current injection and combined to form a single coherent output beam. The optical power is amplified by use of fiber amplifiers. Electronically control of the optical phases of each emitter enables power efficient combining of output beams to be maintained under dynamic conditions.
摘要翻译： 半导体二极管激光器通过直流注入锁相并组合形成单个相干输出光束。 光功率通过使用光纤放大器放大。 电子控制每个发射器的光学相位使能够有效地组合输出光束以在动态条件下保持。
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公开(公告)号：US06603903B1
公开(公告)日：2003-08-05
申请号：US09799090
申请日：2001-03-06
IPC分类号： G02B634
CPC分类号： G02B6/02114
摘要： Systems devices and methods in accordance with the invention impart high strength index of refraction patterns to photosensitive optical devices, such as Bragg gratings written in optical fibers. A length of small diameter fiber retaining photosensitivity is fabricated by flame elongation of an optical fiber precursor having dopant containing cladding, using a diffuse, low velocity inverted flame that does not introduce water, OH or H2 into the fiber. By varying the flame velocity during each scan the fiber is diminished to a small, uniform diameter, waist region. Photosensitivity is preserved and enhanced by exposure of the prepared waist region to scanning actinic illumination within an in-diffusing environment of pressurizing hydrogen or deuterium, and controlling the exposure to optimize the photo-induced index change. The photochemistry is balanced to provide a strong index of refraction grating by adjusting illumination instensity and scanning velocity to arrive at a low fraction of a selected photoabsorbing component of the dopant.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明的系统装置和方法赋予光学光学装置（例如用光纤写入的布拉格光栅）的高强度折射率图。 通过使用不向水中引入水，OH或H 2的漫反射低速倒置火焰，通过具有含有掺杂剂的掺杂剂的光纤前体的火焰伸长来制造长度小的纤维保持光敏性。 通过在每次扫描期间改变火焰速度，纤维减小到一个小的，均匀的直径腰部区域。 通过将制备的腰围暴露于在加压氢或氘的扩散扩散环境内扫描光化照明并且控制曝光以优化光致指数变化来保持和增强光敏性。 光化学被平衡以通过调整照明强度和扫描速度来获得掺杂剂选择的光吸收组分的低分数来提供强折射率的光栅。
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公开(公告)号：US06236782B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-22
申请号：US09128477
申请日：1998-08-04
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： G02B6/02204 , G02B6/02085 , G02B6/021 , G02B6/02109 , G02B6/02114 , G02B6/02133 , G02B6/02138 , G02B6/02152 , G02B6/022 , G02B6/12007 , G02B6/2835 , G02B6/29334 , G02B2006/12107 , G02B2006/12147 , G02B2006/12164 , H04J14/0201
摘要： An add/drop filter for optical wave energy incorporates a Bragg grating in a very narrow waist region defined by merged lengths of elongated optical fibers. Light is propagated into the waist region via adiabatically tapered fibers and is transformed from two longitudinally adjacent fibers into two orthogonal modes within the air-glass waveguide of the waist and reflected off the grating from one fiber into the other. The geometry of the waist region is such that the reflected drop wavelength is polarization independent, without lossy peaks in the wavelength band of interest. Additionally, back reflection are shifted out of the wavelength band of interest. High strength gratings are written by photosensitizing the waist region fibers by constantly in-diffusing pressurized hydrogen or deuterium. For narrow spectral bandwidth gratings, dimensional variations must be minimized or compensated, and the grating is apodized by both a.c. and d.c. variations in writing beams at a net constant power. A coupler device employing these precisely is arranged in a support structure which facilitates writing, testing and adjustment of gratings, and also provides temperature compensation and wavelength adjustment.
摘要翻译： 用于光波能的加/减滤波器在由合并长度的细长光纤限定的非常窄的腰部区域中包含布拉格光栅。 光通过绝热的锥形纤维传播到腰部区域，并从两个纵向相邻的纤维转变成腰部的空气玻璃波导内的两个正交模式，并将其从光纤反射到另一个光纤。 腰部区域的几何形状使得反射的下降波长是偏振无关的，而在感兴趣的波长带中没有有损的峰值。 另外，反射反射被移出感兴趣的波长带外。 通过不断扩散加压氢或氘来对腰部区域纤维进行光敏化来写入高强度光栅。 对于窄光谱带宽光栅，尺寸变化必须最小化或补偿，并且光栅由a.c. 和d.c. 写入光束在净恒定功率下的变化。 使用这些精密的耦合器装置被布置在便于光栅的写入，测试和调整的支撑结构中，并且还提供温度补偿和波长调节。
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公开(公告)号：US5875272A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-23
申请号：US738068
申请日：1996-10-25
IPC分类号： G02B26/00 , G02B6/12 , G02B6/28 , G02B6/287 , G02B6/293 , G02B6/34 , G02F1/01 , G02F1/313 , H01S3/06
CPC分类号： G02F1/3132 , G02B6/02114 , G02B6/02133 , G02B6/02138 , G02B6/022 , G02B6/02204 , G02B6/12007 , G02B6/29334 , G02B6/29383 , G02B6/29395 , G02B6/02085 , G02B6/02109 , G02B6/02152 , G02B6/2835 , G02B6/29322 , G02F2203/585
摘要： Wavelength selective devices and subsystems having various applications in the field of optical communications are disclosed. These devices and subsystems are composed of bi-directional grating assisted mode couplers. The high add/drop efficiency and low loss of this coupler enable low loss wavelength selective elements such as optical switches, amplifiers, routers, and sources to be fabricated. The grating assisted mode coupler can be wavelength tuned by modifying the optical properties of the coupler interaction region. A programmable, wavelength selective router composed of multiple grating assisted mode couplers is also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了在光通信领域具有各种应用的波长选择装置和子系统。 这些设备和子系统由双向光栅辅助模式耦合器组成。 该耦合器的高加/减效率和低损耗使低损耗波长选择元件（如光开关，放大器，路由器和待制造的源）成为可能。 光栅辅助模耦合器可以通过改变耦合器相互作用区域的光学特性进行波长调谐。 还公开了由多个光栅辅助模式耦合器组成的可编程波长选择性路由器。
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公开(公告)号：US06578388B1
公开(公告)日：2003-06-17
申请号：US09721699
申请日：2000-11-27
IPC分类号： C03B3715
CPC分类号： G02B6/02204 , G02B6/02085 , G02B6/021 , G02B6/02109 , G02B6/02114 , G02B6/02133 , G02B6/02138 , G02B6/02152 , G02B6/022 , G02B6/12007 , G02B6/2835 , G02B6/29334 , G02B2006/12107 , G02B2006/12147 , G02B2006/12164 , H04J14/0201
摘要： An add/drop filter for optical wave energy incorporates a Bragg grating in a very narrow waist region defined by merged lengths of elongated optical fibers. Light is propagated into the waist region via adiabatically tapered fibers and is transformed from two longitudinally adjacent fibers into two orthogonal modes within the air-glass waveguide of the waist and reflected off the grating from one fiber into the other. The geometry of the waist region is such that the reflected drop wavelength is polarization independent, without lossy peaks in the wavelength band of interest. Additionally, back reflection are shifted out of the wavelength band of interest. High strength gratings are written by photosensitizing the waist region fibers by constantly in-diffusing pressurized hydrogen or deuterium. For narrow spectral bandwidth gratings, dimensional variations must be minimized or compensated, and the grating is apodized by both a.c. and d.c. variations in writing beams at a net constant power. A coupler device employing these precisely is arranged in a support structure which facilitates writing, testing and adjustment of gratings, and also provides temperature compensation and wavelength adjustment.
摘要翻译： 用于光波能的加/减滤波器在由合并长度的细长光纤限定的非常窄的腰部区域中包含布拉格光栅。 光通过绝热的锥形纤维传播到腰部区域，并从两个纵向相邻的纤维转变成腰部的空气玻璃波导内的两个正交模式，并将其从光纤反射到另一个光纤。 腰部区域的几何形状使得反射的下降波长是偏振无关的，而在感兴趣的波长带中没有有损的峰值。 另外，反射反射被移出感兴趣的波长带外。 通过不断扩散加压氢或氘来对腰部区域纤维进行光敏化来写入高强度光栅。 对于窄光谱带宽光栅，尺寸变化必须最小化或补偿，并且光栅由a.c. 和d.c. 写入光束在净恒定功率下的变化。 使用这些精密的耦合器装置被布置在便于光栅的写入，测试和调整的支撑结构中，并且还提供温度补偿和波长调节。
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