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公开(公告)号：US5770034A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-23
申请号：US676442
申请日：1996-07-08
摘要： An apparatus for desilvering silver-containing solutions comprises an electrolytic cell (10) having an anode (20), a cathode (30) and a reference electrode (45) positioned adjacent the cathode (30), and electrical power supply control means (41) for controlling the supply of electrical power to the anode (20) and the cathode (30). The power supply control means (41) includes means (60) for adjusting the cathode potential and control means (70) linked to said adjustment means (60) to reduce the cathode potential, at least periodically, as the desilvering process continues. The process leads to better silver adhesion on the cathode occurs, while maintaining good desilvering levels in the solution, and cathode poisoning is minimised.
摘要翻译： 一种用于脱银含银溶液的设备包括具有阳极（20），阴极（30）和邻近阴极（30）定位的参比电极（45）的电解槽（10），以及电源控制装置 ），用于控制向阳极（20）和阴极（30）供应电力。 电源控制装置（41）包括用于调节阴极电位的装置（60）和连接到所述调节装置（60）的控制装置（70），以便在脱银过程继续时至少周期性地减小阴极电势。 该过程导致在阴极上发生更好的银粘附，同时保持溶液中良好的脱盐水平，并且阴极中毒最小化。
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公开(公告)号：US5951844A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-14
申请号：US827639
申请日：1997-04-10
摘要： An apparatus for de-silvering silver-containing solutions comprises an electrolytic cell (10) having an anode (20), a cathode (30) and a reference electrode (45) positioned adjacent the cathode (30), and electrical power supply control means (41) for controlling the supply of electrical power to the anode (20) and the cathode (30). Operation of the cell (10) is controlled potentiostatically while the current exceeds a certain threshold value and the current is controlled galvanostatically at that threshold (minimum) value in circumstances in which the potentiostatic control would result in a current below the threshold value. To this end, the power supply control means (41) includes means (60) for adjusting the cathode potential and control means (70) linked to said adjustment means (60) for controlling operation of the cell potentiostatically at a selected cathode potential, means for monitoring the current drawn through the cell during such potentiostatic control and for comparing such current with a threshold current, and means for controlling the cell galvanostatically at such threshold current value, means for switching from potentiostatic to galvanostatic control in response to cell current dropping below said threshold value, means for periodically re-establishing said selected cathode potential, and means for reverting from galvanostatic to said potentiostatic control in response to a cell current above said threshold value when said selected cathode potential is re-established.
摘要翻译： 含银溶液的脱银装置包括具有阳极（20），阴极（30）和与阴极（30）相邻的参考电极（45）的电解槽（10），以及电源控制装置 （41），用于控制向阳极（20）和阴极（30）供电的电力。 当电流超过某一阈值时电池（10）的操作被电位控制，并且在恒电位控制导致电流低于阈值的情况下，电流被恒定地控制在该阈值（最小值）。 为此，电源控制装置（41）包括用于调节阴极电位的装置（60）和连接到所述调节装置（60）的控制装置（70），用于以选定的阴极电位电位地控制电池的操作， 用于监测在这种恒电位控制期间通过电池吸取的电流并将这种电流与阈值电流进行比较，以及用于以这种阈值电流值恒定地控制电池的装置，用于响应电池电流下降而从恒电位转换到恒电流控制的装置 所述阈值，用于周期性地重新建立所述选择的阴极电位的装置，以及当所述选择的阴极电位被重新建立时响应于高于所述阈值的电池电流，从恒电流恢复到所述恒电位控制的装置。
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公开(公告)号：US5605632A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-25
申请号：US517389
申请日：1995-08-21
CPC分类号： C01G5/003 , B01J47/024 , G03C5/3956 , Y10S210/912
摘要： A silver recovery device (30) is described for removing silver from a silver-containing solution. The device (30) comprises an ion-exchange resin bed (34) and a pump (62) for directing the solution through the resin bed (34). The pump (62) is positioned downstream of the resin bed (34) and the resin bed (34) is held within a retaining space (36) of variable dimensions. Higher liquid flow rates are thereby achievable, without fluidization of the resin.
摘要翻译： 描述了从含银溶液中除去银的银回收装置（30）。 装置（30）包括用于引导溶液通过树脂床（34）的离子交换树脂床（34）和泵（62）。 泵（62）位于树脂床（34）的下游，树脂床（34）保持在可变尺寸的保持空间（36）内。 从而可以实现更高的液体流速，而不会使树脂流化。
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公开(公告)号：US5639362A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-17
申请号：US686320
申请日：1996-07-25
CPC分类号： C25C7/06 , C02F1/4678 , C02F2001/46157 , C02F2103/40 , C02F2201/46125 , C02F2301/08
摘要： An apparatus for de-silvering a silver-containing solution, comprises a plurality of electrolysis cells (10, S1, S2) each having an anode (20, 120, 220) and a cathode (30, 130, 230). A master cell (10) further comprises a reference electrode (45). The remaining cell or cells constitute slave cells (S1, S2). Control means (41) adjust the cathode potential applied to the slave cells (S1, S2) in response to the current flow (I.sub.M) through the master cell (10). The apparatus is particularly suitable for de-silvering large volumes of silver-containing solution, without the use of high currents.
摘要翻译： 含银溶液脱银装置包括多个电解槽（10，S1，S2），每个电解槽具有阳极（20,120,220）和阴极（30,130,230）。 主电池（10）还包括参考电极（45）。 剩余的单元或单元构成从单元（S1，S2）。 控制装置（41）响应于通过主电池（10）的电流（IM）调节施加到从单元（S1，S2）的阴极电位。 该装置特别适用于大量体积的含银溶液的脱银，而不使用高电流。
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公开(公告)号：US5895743A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-20
申请号：US990088
申请日：1997-12-12
申请人： Andre Roefs , Benedictus Jansen , Frank Michiels
发明人： Andre Roefs , Benedictus Jansen , Frank Michiels
CPC分类号： G03C5/3958 , G03C5/266 , G03C5/38 , G03C5/26 , G03C5/395
摘要： A method is disclosed of processing in a processor an image-wise exposed black-and-white light-sensitive silver halide photographic material comprising the steps of developing in a developing solution and fixing in a fixer solution, characterized in that upon starting of the processing the said fixer solution comprises a mixture of a fixer starter solution and a fixer replenisher solution, in that said fixer solution is replenished with the said fixer replenishing solution and in that the said fixer starter solution is a developing solution.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种在处理器中处理图像曝光的黑白感光卤化银照相材料的方法，其包括在显影溶液中显影并固定在定影液中的步骤，其特征在于，在开始加工 所述定影剂溶液包括定影剂起始溶液和定影剂补充液的混合物，其中所述定影剂溶液补充有所述定影剂补充溶液，并且所述定影剂起始溶液是显影液。
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公开(公告)号：US5888707A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-30
申请号：US977329
申请日：1997-11-24
申请人： Benedictus Jansen , Frank Michiels
发明人： Benedictus Jansen , Frank Michiels
摘要： A method of processing photographic material comprises developing the photographic material by treatment with a developer (26), and fixing the developed photographic material by treatment with a fixer (32, 38) while reducing the level of silver ions in the fixer (38) by electrolysis. Between the developing and the fixing, the photographic material is treated with an intermediate treatment liquid (44) for a period of time less than the treatment time with the fixer (32, 38). The intermediate treatment liquid (44) contains used fixer (38). The efficiency of fixing is improved without the use of substantially greater liquid volumes and in particular without the use of further quantities of water.
摘要翻译： 一种处理照相材料的方法包括通过用显影剂（26）处理显影照相材料，并通过用定影剂（32,38）处理固定显影的照相材料，同时通过在定影剂（38）中的银离子的水平降低 电解。 在显影和定影之间，用中间处理液（44）处理照相材料比定影剂（32,38）小于处理时间的时间。 中间处理液（44）含有使用的定影剂（38）。 在不使用显着更大的液体体积的情况下，特别是不使用更多量的水的情况下，固定效率得到改善。
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公开(公告)号：US6102589A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US235317
申请日：1999-01-22
申请人： Frank Michiels , Benedictus Jansen
发明人： Frank Michiels , Benedictus Jansen
CPC分类号： G03C5/395 , G03C5/26 , G03C5/38 , G03D3/065 , G03D3/132 , C02F1/4678 , C02F2103/40 , G03C1/035 , G03D2203/0616
摘要： A method of processing an exposed black-and-white silver halide photographic film material, the method having the steps of developing in a developer solution, fixing in a fixer solution, replenishing of fixer and developer solution, rinsing in a washing solution and drying, characterized in that fixing is performed in one step and under such conditions that a "silver equilibrium ratio" of less than 2.0 is maintained, the said ratio being defined as the ratio between actual by the film material in the rinsing step through carry-over (cross-over) of silver from the fixing solution to the washing solution and amount of silver brought into the washing solution and the total amount of silver that theoretically could be brought into the washing solution by the film material by such carry-over; a "fixer to film silver ratio" of less than 0.2 is obtained, this ratio being defined as the ratio between silver content in "running equilibrium condition of the fixer" and amount of silver in the film material to be fixed in the fixing step, wherein said "running equilibrium condition of the fixer" is the condition attained after having replenished said fixing solution twice. By this method an ecologically favourable minimization of silver content in the washing solution has been obtained without impairing the processing speed, without enhancing processing costs and without excessive regeneration.
摘要翻译： 一种处理曝光的黑白卤化银照相胶片材料的方法，该方法具有在显影剂溶液中显影，固定在定影剂溶液中，补充定影剂和显影剂溶液，在洗涤溶液中漂洗和干燥的步骤， 其特征在于，在一个步骤中进行定影，并且在保持小于2.0的“银平衡比”的条件下，所述比例被定义为在冲洗步骤中由薄膜材料实际通过托盘之间的比例（ 交联）从固定溶液到洗涤溶液的银和进入洗涤溶液的银量和理论上可以通过这种携带被膜材料带入洗涤溶液中的银的总量; 获得小于0.2的“定影剂银膜比”小于0.2，该比率定义为定影步骤中要固定的薄膜材料中的银含量与“定影剂的运行平衡条件”中的银量之比， 其中所述“定影剂的运行平衡条件”是在补充所述定影液两次之后获得的条件。 通过这种方法，在不损害加工速度的前提下，可以获得洗涤溶液中银含量的生态有利的最小化，而不会增加加工成本并且不会过度再生。
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8.发明授权Processing of radiographic materials having emulsion grains rich in silver chloride 失效具有富含氯化银乳剂颗粒的射线照相材料的加工
公开(公告)号：US06066441A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-23
申请号：US303545
申请日：1999-05-03
IPC分类号： G03C5/26 , C03C1/06 , G03C1/005 , G03C1/035 , G03C1/06 , G03C1/09 , G03C1/74 , G03C5/16 , G03C5/30 , G03C5/31
CPC分类号： C03C1/06 , G03C1/06 , G03C1/005 , G03C1/0051 , G03C1/0053 , G03C1/035 , G03C1/09 , G03C2001/03517 , G03C2001/03541 , G03C2001/091 , G03C2001/095 , G03C2001/097 , G03C2005/168 , G03C2005/3007 , G03C2200/01 , G03C2200/03 , G03C5/16 , G03C5/30
摘要： A method is disclosed of processing an exposed black-and-white light-sensitive silver halide photographic material having silver halide, coated in an amount, expressed as an equivalent amount of silver nitrate of less than 6 g/m.sup.2 comprising the steps of developing, fixing, rinsing and drying, making use in the developing step of an ascorbic acid type developer and of an equivalent developer replenisher providing a regeneration amount of less than 150 ml/m.sup.2, characterized in that the said material has a buffering capacity of less than 6 mmole/m.sup.2, wherein said buffering capacity is defined as the amount of alkali, expressed in mmole/square meter, required to bridge across pH differences between the material and the developer.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种处理具有卤化银的暴露的黑白感光卤化银照相材料的方法，其涂布量以等于数量的硝酸银表示，小于6g / m 2，其包括显影， 固定，漂洗和干燥，用于抗坏血酸型显影剂的显影步骤和提供小于150ml / m 2的再生量的等效显影剂补充液，其特征在于所述材料具有小于6的缓冲能力 mmole / m2，其中所述缓冲能力定义为桥接跨材料和显影剂之间的pH差异所需的碱量（以毫摩尔/平方米表示）。
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公开(公告)号：US5462831A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-31
申请号：US223426
申请日：1994-04-05
IPC分类号： G03C5/29 , G03C1/00 , G03C1/043 , G03C1/30 , G03C1/38 , G03C1/74 , G03C1/76 , G03C5/16 , G03C5/305 , G03C5/38
CPC分类号： G03C5/16 , G03C1/30 , G03C1/38 , G03C5/3056 , G03C5/38 , Y10S430/162 , Y10S430/167
摘要： To eliminate the "pi-line" artifact after processing a method of image formation is disclosed in a silver halide industrial X-ray photographic material, comprising on at least one side of a support, at least one gelatin silver halide emulsion layer and a total amount of silver halide, corresponding to from 6 to 20 g of silver nitrate per square meter and per side, and at least one non-sensitive protective antistress coating, wherein said material further comprises a hardening agent different from a vinyl sulphone compound, preferably formaldehyde, and at least one polyoxyalkylene compound as a surfactant in at least one of its hydrophilic layers, and wherein after exposure to direct X-rays said material is subjected in an automatic processing machine to the steps of developing in a developer comprising at least one anionic alkylphenoxy polyalkyleneoxy phosphate ester surfactant, fixing in a fixer which may comprise at least one alpha-ketocarboxylic acid, rinsing and drying.
摘要翻译： 在卤化银工业X射线照相材料中公开了在处理图像形成方法之后消除“pi线”伪像，其包括在载体的至少一侧上，至少一个明胶卤化银乳剂层和总共 相当于每平方米和每侧6至20g硝酸银的量的卤化银和至少一种不敏感的保护性抗静电涂层，其中所述材料还包含不同于乙烯基砜化合物的硬化剂，优选甲醛 以及至少一种聚氧化烯化合物作为其至少一个亲水层中的表面活性剂，并且其中在暴露于直接X射线之后，所述材料在自动加工机器中经历显影步骤，所述显影剂包含至少一种阴离子 烷基苯氧基聚亚烷基氧基磷酸酯表面活性剂，固定在可包含至少一种α-酮羧酸的定影剂中，漂洗和干燥。
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10.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6083672A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-04
申请号：US158881
申请日：1998-09-23
申请人： Andre Roefs , Benedictus Jansen , Frank Michiels
发明人： Andre Roefs , Benedictus Jansen , Frank Michiels
CPC分类号： G03C5/26 , G03C5/30 , G03C5/38 , G03C1/0053 , G03C1/035 , G03C5/16 , Y10S430/164
摘要： A method of processing an exposed black-and-white silver halide light-sensitive photographic material has been disclosed, said method comprising the steps of developing in a developer solution, followed by fixing in a fixer solution, comprising a hardening agent, preferably a compound providing aluminum ions, and wherein, in running equilibrium conditions, said fixer solution has a pH of at least 4.3, further adding to said fixer a fixer replenisher at a rate of from 0 ml/m.sup.2 up to 300 ml/m.sup.2 ; followed by rinsing and drying, wherein rinsing between developing and fixing is excluded and wherein an .alpha.-ketocarboxylic acid structure in an amount of from 0 to 3 g per liter is present in the said fixer solution while starting processing or in the said fixer replenisher, characterized in that said developing step is performed in a developer comprising, in an amount of from 5 g up to 100 gram per liter, a developing agent corresponding to the formula (I), a precursor and/or a metal salt thereof given in the detailed description and in the claims hereinafter. Most preferably 1-ascorbic acid, iso-ascorbic acid or (tetramethyl) reductic acid is used as a developing agent.
摘要翻译： 已经公开了一种处理暴露的黑白卤化银感光照相材料的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：在显影剂溶液中显影，然后固定在定影剂溶液中，其包含硬化剂，优选化合物 提供铝离子，并且其中，在运行平衡条件下，所述定影剂溶液具有至少4.3的pH，进一步向所述定影剂添加定影剂补充液，速率为0ml / m2至300ml / m2; 然后冲洗和干燥，其中排除显影和固色之间的漂洗，其中在开始加工时，所述定影剂溶液中存在0-3g /升的α-酮羧酸结构，或者在所述定影剂补充液中， 其特征在于，所述显影步骤在显影剂中进行，所述显影剂的量为5g至100克/升，对应于式（I）的显影剂，其中给出的前体和/或金属盐 详细描述和权利要求书中。 最优选使用1-抗坏血酸，异抗坏血酸或（四甲基）还原酸作为显影剂。
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