摘要:
Systems and methods for triggering fault information insertion in an optical network are disclosed. In accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure, a method may include detecting, by a network element, occurrence of an event. The network element may also determine whether the event comprises a triggering fault condition in which fault information is to be communicated. The network element may additionally insert fault information into a data packet. The network element may further communicate the data packet to at least one neighboring network element.
摘要:
In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for identifying a target signal in an optical transport network frame structure may be provided. The method may include determining an Access Identifier (AID) for the target signal. The method may also include determining at least one attribute for the target signal. The at least one attribute may define at least one of an Optical Transport Network (OTN) multiplexing structure associated with the target signal and one or more attributes associated with one or a higher order or an intermediate higher order optical data unit entity for a supporting entity of a lower order optical data unit associated with the target signal. The method may further include identifying the target signal based on the AID and the at least one attribute.
摘要:
In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for identifying a target signal in an optical transport network frame structure may be provided. The method may include determining an Access Identifier (AID) for the target signal. The method may also include determining at least one attribute for the target signal. The at least one attribute may define at least one of an Optical Transport Network (OTN) multiplexing structure associated with the target signal and one or more attributes associated with one or a higher order or an intermediate higher order optical data unit entity for a supporting entity of a lower order optical data unit associated with the target signal. The method may further include identifying the target signal based on the AID and the at least one attribute.
摘要:
Methods and systems are provided for management of frame alignment events in optical transport networks. The method includes receiving a plurality of frames by a network element and detecting a frame alignment event by the network element. The method further includes receiving a characteristic information (CI) signal by the network element, and disabling, based on the received CI signal, monitoring of a status field for a finite period.
摘要:
The present invention provides TDM service, such as DS1, E1, or DS3, in a GPON system that is cost-effective, flexible, and that is easily configured and reconfigured. A system for telecommunications comprises circuitry operable to receive time division multiplexed data traffic, circuitry operable to form Virtual Tributary encapsulated data traffic including the time division multiplexed data traffic, circuitry operable to transmit the Virtual Tributary encapsulated data traffic, circuitry operable to receive the Virtual Tributary encapsulated data traffic, and circuitry operable to extract the time division multiplexed data traffic from the Virtual Tributary encapsulated data traffic.
摘要:
The apparatus includes a container (20) having a base (22) and sides (32) adapted to receive a plurality of plastic gel cassettes. An inlet port (12) is positioned in the base of the container and in fluid communication with the chamber and a baffle (11) is positioned over the inlet port, such that, in use, when gel forming fluid passes through the inlet port into the chamber, the baffle substantially reduces fluid turbulence and vertical fluid movement in the vicinity of the inlet port during flow of the fluid into the chamber. Pretreatment of the plastic cassette to remove polymerisation inhibitors prior to filling the same with fluid is by exhaustive vacuum treatment, optionally with nitrogen gas purging. This can be achieved conveniently using a vacuum chamber in which one or more plastic cassettes are placed. Optionally the vacuum chamber may be the container in which the cassettes are filled with fluid. No barrier films or chemical scavengers are required.
摘要:
The present invention relates to ex vivo methods for preserving/maintaining blood vessels that are to be used as vascular grafts by inhibiting TNF-α. The present invention also relates to compositions comprising an inhibitor of a TNF-α for use in the methods of the invention, which compositions are free of active TGF-β or does not contain active TGF-β in an amount greater than endogenous blood levels.
摘要:
A foamed glass product and its manufacturer are disclosed. According to the present invention, crushed glass particles and a foaming agent, preferably selected from CaCO.sub.3 and CaSO.sub.4, are provided. The glass particles and foaming agent are mixed and heated to a desired foaming temperature for creating foamed glass. A nonreactive gas having desired insulative properties, preferably selected from SO.sub.2 and CO.sub.2 is provided to sweep air away from the mixture during heating.
摘要:
One or more wireless speaker units can be distributed through a room, such as a classroom. One or more instructor units can communicate with the speaker unit via base station. Audio pathways can selectively be provided between speaker units, between speaker units and instructor units and between instructor units. A remote control can be used to control the available audio pathways.
摘要:
A composition of ingestible ingredients containing a first ingestible ingredient which has an undesired effect on the human body when ingested, wherein preferably the ingredient is sugar and the undesired effect is blood sugar fluctuations which can lead to diabetes, and at least one other ingestible ingredient which reduces the impact or the undesired effect of the first ingestible ingredient, wherein the other ingredient is either cinnamon or polyphenols from cinnamon, or ginseng or ginsenosides from ginseng. The composition may be in a package, a bulk mix or a product.