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公开(公告)号：US07332143B2
公开(公告)日：2008-02-19
申请号：US11275944
申请日：2006-02-06
CPC分类号： B01D53/508 , B01D53/505 , B01D53/56 , B01D53/60 , B01D53/8609 , B01D53/8625 , B01D2251/2062 , B01D2251/2067 , B01D2251/402 , B01D2251/604 , Y02A50/2344 , Y02A50/2348
摘要： NOx and SO3 emissions from combustion of a sulfur containing carbonaceous fuel are reduced simultaneously. The combustion gases comprising NOx and SO2 are mixed with a NOx control agent into the combustion gases at a point upstream of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst for reduction of NOx. Following an SCR catalyst or other equipment that can oxidize SO2 to SO3 and prior to contact with an air heater for heating incoming combustion air, magnesium hydroxide is introduced in amounts and with droplet sizes and concentrations effective to form nano-sized particles in the effluent and reduce SO3 caused by the oxidation of SO2 in the catalyst. Computational fluid dynamics is employed to determine flow rates and select reagent introduction rates, reagent introduction location(s), reagent concentration, reagent droplet size and/or reagent momentum.
摘要翻译： 含硫碳质燃料的燃烧产生的NO x和SO 3排放同时减少。 将包含NO x和SO 2的燃烧气体与NOSXS控制剂在选择性催化剂上游的某一点与燃烧气体混合 还原催化剂用于还原NO x。 在SCR催化剂或可以将SO 2氧化成SO 3的其它设备之后，以及在与用于加热进入的燃烧空气的空气加热器接触之前，将氢氧化镁以 液滴尺寸和浓度有效地在流出物中形成纳米尺寸的颗粒并且减少由催化剂中SO 2的氧化引起的SO 3 3。 使用计算流体动力学来确定流速和选择试剂引入速率，试剂引入位置，试剂浓度，试剂液滴尺寸和/或试剂动量。
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2.发明授权Selective catalytic reduction of NOx enabled by sidestream urea decomposition 有权通过侧流尿素分解进行NOx的选择性催化还原公开(公告)号：US07829033B2
公开(公告)日：2010-11-09
申请号：US11275989
申请日：2006-02-08
申请人： William H. Sun , William E. Cummings, Jr. , Piers de Havilland , Paul G. Carmignani , John M. Boyle
发明人： William H. Sun , William E. Cummings, Jr. , Piers de Havilland , Paul G. Carmignani , John M. Boyle
CPC分类号： B01D53/8631 , B01D53/90
摘要： A preferred apparatus arrangement utilizes the enthalpy of the flue gas, which can be supplemented if need be, to convert urea (30) into ammonia for SCR. Urea (30), which decomposes at temperatures above 140 .degree. C., is injected (32) into a flue gas stream split off (28) after a heat exchanger (22), such as a primary superheater or an economizer. Ideally, the side stream would gasify the urea without need for further heating; but, when heat is required it is far less than would be needed to heat either the entire effluent (23) or the urea (30). This side stream, typically less than 3% of the flue gas, provides the required temperature and residence time for complete decomposition of urea (30). A cyclonic separator can be used to remove particulates and completely mix the reagent and flue gas. This stream can then be directed to an injection grid (37) ahead of SCR using a blower (36). The mixing with the flue gas is facilitated due to an order of magnitude higher mass of side stream compared to that injected through the AIG in a traditional ammonia-SCR process.
摘要翻译： 优选的装置装置利用烟道气的焓，如果需要，可以补充将尿素（30）转化成氨用于SCR。 尿素（30），其在高于140℃的温度下分解。 在诸如初级过热器或节能器的热交换器（22）之后，将（32）注入（32）到分离（28）的烟道气流中。 理想地，侧流将气化尿素而不需要进一步加热; 但是当需要加热时，它远远小于加热整个流出物（23）或尿素（30）所需要的热量。 通常小于3％烟道气的侧流提供了完全分解尿素（30）所需的温度和停留时间。 旋风分离器可用于除去微粒并完全混合试剂和烟道气。 然后可以使用鼓风机（36）将该流引导到SCR前方的注入格栅（37）。 与通过传统氨SCR工艺中的AIG注入的侧流相比，与烟道气的混合更容易。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4978514A
公开(公告)日：1990-12-18
申请号：US408122
申请日：1989-09-12
CPC分类号： B01D53/56 , B01D53/8625
摘要： A process for reducing nitrogen oxides in a combustion effluent is presented. The process involves introducing a nitrogenous treatment agent into the effluent under conditions effective to create a treated effluent having reduced nitrogen oxides concentration such that ammonia is present in the treated effluent; and then contacting the treated effluent under conditions effective to reduce the nitrogen oxides in the effluent with a nitrogen oxides reducing catalyst.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种用于还原燃烧流出物中的氮氧化物的方法。 该方法包括在有效地产生具有降低的氮氧化物浓度的经处理的流出物的条件下将氮处理剂引入流出物中，使得氨在经处理的流出物中存在; 然后在有效降低流出物中的氮氧化物的条件下与氮氧化物还原催化剂接触处理的流出物。
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公开(公告)号：US08951492B2
公开(公告)日：2015-02-10
申请号：US13455459
申请日：2012-04-25
IPC分类号： C01C1/08
CPC分类号： C01C1/086 , B01J19/0013 , B01J19/245 , B01J19/2485 , B01J2219/00006 , B01J2219/00051 , B01J2219/00164 , B01J2219/00166 , B01J2219/002 , B01J2219/00231 , C01B2210/0075 , F01N3/2066 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/06 , F01N2900/1404 , F01N2900/1628 , Y02T10/24
摘要： Disclosed are methods and apparatus for providing an ammonia feed for a low-temperature process. The process includes two defined stages, gasification and hydrolysis. In a first stage thermal reactor, an aqueous urea solution is fed to a gasification chamber and heated gases are controlled in response to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia. The heated gases and aqueous urea are introduced into the gasification chamber upstream to fully gasify the solution of aqueous urea to a first stage gas stream comprising ammonia and isocyanic acid. The first stage gas stream is withdrawn and maintained hot enough to prevent solids formation. All amounts of urea feed, water and heated gases fed into the first stage thermal reactor are monitored and adjusted as necessary to achieve efficient hydrolysis in the second stage hydrolysis reactor. The second stage gas stream is withdrawn from the second stage reactor responsive to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于提供用于低温过程的氨进料的方法和装置。 该方法包括两个定义的阶段，气化和水解。 在第一级热反应器中，将尿素水溶液供给到气化室，并且响应于需要氨的低温过程的需求来控制加热的气体。 将加热的气体和尿素水引入气化室的上游，以将尿素水溶液完全气化成包含氨和异氰酸的第一级气流。 第一级气流被取出并保持足够热，以防止固体形成。 根据需要监测和调整进料到第一级热反应器中的所有量的尿素进料，水和加热气体，以在第二级水解反应器中实现有效的水解。 响应于需要氨的低温过程的需求，第二级气流从第二级反应器中排出。
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公开(公告)号：US20100061907A1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-11
申请号：US12266373
申请日：2008-11-06
IPC分类号： B01D53/56
CPC分类号： B01D53/8625 , B01D53/8696 , B01D53/90 , B01D2251/2067 , F23J15/003 , F23J2219/10
摘要： Disclosed is a system which enables the efficient utilization of urea for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by gasifying it and feeding it to a plurality of selective catalytic reduction units associated with a plurality of gas turbines. The invention enables feeding a gasified product of the urea with the ability to fully control separate SCR units without excessive reagent usage or loss of pollution control effectiveness. Controllers determine the amount of reagent required for each turbine to control NOx emissions and then mixes the gasified urea with the correct amount of carrier gas for efficient operation of each separate SCR unit despite the demand variation between the turbines. In this manner the gasification unit can be properly controlled to provide urea on demand without the need for storing large inventories of ammonia-containing gasses to correct for fluctuations in demand.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种能够有效地利用尿素用于NOx的选择性催化还原（SCR）的系统，其通过气化并将其供给到与多个燃气轮机相关联的多个选择性催化还原单元。 本发明能够使尿素的气化产物能够完全控制单独的SCR单元，而不会过多的试剂使用或污染控制有效性的损失。 控制器确定每个涡轮机控制NOx排放所需的试剂的量，然后将气化的尿素与正确量的载气混合，以有效地操作每个单独的SCR单元，尽管涡轮机之间的需求变化。 以这种方式，可以适当地控制气化单元以根据需要提供尿素，而不需要存储大量含氨气体的清单来校正需求的波动。
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公开(公告)号：US5199255A
公开(公告)日：1993-04-06
申请号：US679803
申请日：1991-04-03
申请人： William H. Sun , William F. Michels
发明人： William H. Sun , William F. Michels
摘要： Nitrogen oxides are reduced in gas turbines by selective, gas-phase reaction with urea. This is enabled in a preferred embodiment by injecting urea as an aqueous solution of droplet sizes and concentration effective to assure selective gas phase reactions to result in NO.sub.x reduction. The aqueous solution can also be employed to reduce NO.sub.x by reducing the flame temperature. Desirably, the injection parameters are controlled to also minimize ammonia production.
摘要翻译： 通过与尿素的选择性气相反应，燃气轮机中的氮氧化物被还原。 这在一个优选的实施方案中可以通过注射尿素作为液滴尺寸和浓度的水溶液来有效地确保选择性气相反应以导致NOx还原。 水溶液也可用于通过降低火焰温度来还原NOx。 理想地，控制喷射参数以使氨的产生最小化。
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公开(公告)号：US5048432A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-17
申请号：US634402
申请日：1990-12-27
申请人： John E. Hofmann , William H. Sun
发明人： John E. Hofmann , William H. Sun
CPC分类号： F23J15/08 , F23C10/10 , F23C2206/101 , F23J2215/101
摘要： A process and apparatus is presented for the reduction of nitrous oxide in the effluent from the combustion of a carbonaceous fuel. The process comprises raising the temperature of the effluent to a temperature of at least about 1700.degree. F. The apparatus utilized is a heating means which is disposed in a boiler at a location where the effluent is at a temperature of less than about 1700.degree. F.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种用于减少来自碳质燃料燃烧的流出物中的一氧化二氮的方法和装置。 该方法包括将流出物的温度升高至至少约1700°F。所使用的装置是一种加热装置，该装置在流出物的温度低于约1700°F的位置设置在锅炉中 。
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公开(公告)号：US08591848B2
公开(公告)日：2013-11-26
申请号：US12266373
申请日：2008-11-06
CPC分类号： B01D53/8625 , B01D53/8696 , B01D53/90 , B01D2251/2067 , F23J15/003 , F23J2219/10
摘要： Disclosed is a system which enables the efficient utilization of urea for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by gasifying it and feeding it to a plurality of selective catalytic reduction units associated with a plurality of gas turbines. The invention enables feeding a gasified product of the urea with the ability to fully control separate SCR units without excessive reagent usage or loss of pollution control effectiveness. Controllers determine the amount of reagent required for each turbine to control NOx emissions and then mixes the gasified urea with the correct amount of carrier gas for efficient operation of each separate SCR unit despite the demand variation between the turbines. In this manner the gasification unit can be properly controlled to provide urea on demand without the need for storing large inventories of ammonia-containing gasses to correct for fluctuations in demand.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种能够有效地利用尿素用于NOx的选择性催化还原（SCR）的系统，其通过气化并将其供给到与多个燃气轮机相关联的多个选择性催化还原单元。 本发明能够使尿素的气化产物能够完全控制单独的SCR单元，而不会过多的试剂使用或污染控制有效性的损失。 控制器确定每个涡轮机控制NOx排放所需的试剂的量，然后将气化的尿素与正确量的载气混合，以有效地操作每个单独的SCR单元，尽管涡轮机之间的需求变化。 以这种方式，可以适当地控制气化单元以根据需要提供尿素，而不需要存储大量含氨气体的清单来校正需求的波动。
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9.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20130287669A1
公开(公告)日：2013-10-31
申请号：US13455459
申请日：2012-04-25
CPC分类号： C01C1/086 , B01J19/0013 , B01J19/245 , B01J19/2485 , B01J2219/00006 , B01J2219/00051 , B01J2219/00164 , B01J2219/00166 , B01J2219/002 , B01J2219/00231 , C01B2210/0075 , F01N3/2066 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/06 , F01N2900/1404 , F01N2900/1628 , Y02T10/24
摘要： Disclosed are methods and apparatus for providing an ammonia feed for a low-temperature process. The process includes two defined stages, gasification and hydrolysis. In a first stage thermal reactor, an aqueous urea solution is fed to a gasification chamber and heated gases are controlled in response to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia. The heated gases and aqueous urea are introduced into the gasification chamber upstream to fully gasify the solution of aqueous urea to a first stage gas stream comprising ammonia and isocyanic acid. The first stage gas stream is withdrawn and maintained hot enough to prevent solids formation. All amounts of urea feed, water and heated gases fed into the first stage thermal reactor are monitored and adjusted as necessary to achieve efficient hydrolysis in the second stage hydrolysis reactor. The second stage gas stream is withdrawn from the second stage reactor responsive to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于提供用于低温过程的氨进料的方法和装置。 该方法包括两个定义的阶段，气化和水解。 在第一级热反应器中，将尿素水溶液供给到气化室，并且响应于需要氨的低温过程的需求来控制加热的气体。 将加热的气体和尿素水引入气化室的上游，以将尿素水溶液完全气化成包含氨和异氰酸的第一级气流。 第一级气流被取出并保持足够热，以防止固体形成。 根据需要监测和调整进料到第一级热反应器中的所有量的尿素进料，水和加热气体，以在第二级水解反应器中实现有效的水解。 响应于需要氨的低温过程的需求，第二级气流从第二级反应器中排出。
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公开(公告)号：US08470277B2
公开(公告)日：2013-06-25
申请号：US13568411
申请日：2012-08-07
申请人： William H. Sun , Paul G. Carmignani
发明人： William H. Sun , Paul G. Carmignani
CPC分类号： F23J15/003 , B01D53/8631 , B01D2251/2067 , B01D2258/0283 , F23J15/02 , F23J2219/10
摘要： A process and an apparatus enhance urea utilization for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx, by controlled preparation and feed of gasified urea during combustor load variation. The concentration of NOx in the combustion gases and a required total gas flow necessary to supply an SCR reactor with NOx reducing and carrier gases are determined. Urea is gasified by gasification gases in a thermal gasification reactor. The resulting urea gasification products are mixed with carrier gases to provide an injection grid supply stream. Heating is reduced and flue gas enthalpy is efficiently used by controls utilizing monitoring the temperatures of gases fed to the thermal gasification reactor and of the stream of carrier gases.
摘要翻译： 一种方法和装置通过在燃烧器负荷变化期间通过控制制备和气化尿素进料来增强NOx的选择性催化还原（SCR）的尿素利用。 确定燃烧气体中的NOx浓度以及向SCR反应器供应NOx还原和载气所需的总气体流量。 尿素在热气化反应器中由气化气体气化。 所得到的尿素气化产物与载气混合以提供注入电网供应流。 通过控制利用监测进入热气化反应器和载气流的气体的温度有效地使用烟道气的焓。
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