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1.发明申请SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NOx ENABLED BY SIDESTREAM UREA DECOMPOSITION 审中-公开选择性催化还原由叶片尿素分解产生的NOx公开(公告)号：US20110002830A1
公开(公告)日：2011-01-06
申请号：US12829671
申请日：2010-07-02
CPC分类号： B01D53/8631 , B01D53/90
摘要： A preferred apparatus arrangement utilizes the enthalpy of the flue gas, which can be supplemented if need be, to convert urea (30) into ammonia for SCR. Urea (30), which decomposes at temperatures above 140 .degree. C., is injected (32) into a flue gas stream split off (28) after a heat exchanger (22), such as a primary superheater or an economizer. Ideally, the side stream would gasify the urea without need for further heating; but, when heat is required it is far less than would be needed to heat either the entire effluent (23) or the urea (30). This side stream, typically less than 3% of the flue gas, provides the required temperature and residence time for complete decomposition of urea (30). A cyclonic separator can be used to remove particulates and completely mix the reagent and flue gas. This stream can then be directed to an injection grid (37) ahead of SCR using a blower (36). The mixing with the flue gas is facilitated due to an order of magnitude higher mass of side stream compared to that injected through the AIG in a traditional ammonia-SCR process.
摘要翻译： 优选的装置装置利用烟道气的焓，如果需要，可以补充将尿素（30）转化成氨用于SCR。 尿素（30），其在高于140℃的温度下分解。 在诸如初级过热器或节能器的热交换器（22）之后，将（32）注入（32）到分离（28）的烟道气流中。 理想地，侧流将气化尿素而不需要进一步加热; 但是当需要加热时，它远远小于加热整个流出物（23）或尿素（30）所需要的热量。 通常小于3％烟道气的侧流提供了完全分解尿素（30）所需的温度和停留时间。 旋风分离器可用于除去微粒并完全混合试剂和烟道气。 然后可以使用鼓风机（36）将该流引导到SCR前方的注入格栅（37）。 与通过传统氨SCR工艺中的AIG注入的侧流相比，与烟道气的混合更容易。
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2.发明授权Selective catalytic reduction of nox enabled by sidestream urea decomposition 有权通过侧流尿素分解使NOX的选择性催化还原公开(公告)号：US07090810B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-15
申请号：US10031724
申请日：2001-12-03
申请人： William H. Sun , William E. Cummings, Jr. , Piers de Havilland , Paul G. Carmignani , John M. Boyle
发明人： William H. Sun , William E. Cummings, Jr. , Piers de Havilland , Paul G. Carmignani , John M. Boyle
IPC分类号： C01B21/00
CPC分类号： B01D53/90 , B01D53/8631 , B01D53/9431 , B01D2251/2067 , B01F5/0498 , F01N3/037 , F01N3/2066 , F01N3/208 , F01N13/0097 , F01N2240/14 , F01N2240/16 , F01N2240/20 , F01N2410/04 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/10 , F01N2610/14 , F01N2610/1453 , Y02T10/24
摘要： A preferred process arrangement utilizes the enthalpy of the flue gas, which can be supplemented if need be, to convert urea (30) into ammonia for SCR. Urea (30), which decomposes at temperatures above 140 ° C., is injected (32) into a flue gas stream split off (28) after a heat exchanger (22), such as a primary superheater or an economizer. Ideally, the side stream would gasify the urea without need for further heating; but, when heat is required it is far less than would be needed to heat either the entire effluent (23) or the urea (30). This side stream, typically less than 3% of the flue gas, provides the required temperature and residence time for complete decomposition of urea (30). A cyclonic separator can be used to remove particulates and completely mix the reagent and flue gas. This stream can then be directed to an injection grid (37) ahead of SCR using a blower (36). The mixing with the flue gas is facilitated due to an order of magnitude higher mass of side stream compared to that injected through the AIG in a traditional ammonia-SCR process.
摘要翻译： 优选的方法设计利用烟道气的焓，如果需要，可以将尿素（30）转化成氨用于SCR。 在高于140℃的温度下分解的尿素（30）在诸如初级过热器或节能器的热交换器（22）之后被注入（32）到分离（28）的烟道气流中。 理想地，侧流将气化尿素而不需要进一步加热; 但是当需要加热时，它远远小于加热整个流出物（23）或尿素（30）所需要的热量。 通常小于3％烟道气的侧流提供了完全分解尿素（30）所需的温度和停留时间。 旋风分离器可用于除去微粒并完全混合试剂和烟道气。 然后可以使用鼓风机（36）将该流引导到SCR前方的注入格栅（37）。 与通过传统氨SCR工艺中的AIG注入的侧流相比，与烟道气的混合更容易。
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公开(公告)号：US08951492B2
公开(公告)日：2015-02-10
申请号：US13455459
申请日：2012-04-25
IPC分类号： C01C1/08
CPC分类号： C01C1/086 , B01J19/0013 , B01J19/245 , B01J19/2485 , B01J2219/00006 , B01J2219/00051 , B01J2219/00164 , B01J2219/00166 , B01J2219/002 , B01J2219/00231 , C01B2210/0075 , F01N3/2066 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/06 , F01N2900/1404 , F01N2900/1628 , Y02T10/24
摘要： Disclosed are methods and apparatus for providing an ammonia feed for a low-temperature process. The process includes two defined stages, gasification and hydrolysis. In a first stage thermal reactor, an aqueous urea solution is fed to a gasification chamber and heated gases are controlled in response to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia. The heated gases and aqueous urea are introduced into the gasification chamber upstream to fully gasify the solution of aqueous urea to a first stage gas stream comprising ammonia and isocyanic acid. The first stage gas stream is withdrawn and maintained hot enough to prevent solids formation. All amounts of urea feed, water and heated gases fed into the first stage thermal reactor are monitored and adjusted as necessary to achieve efficient hydrolysis in the second stage hydrolysis reactor. The second stage gas stream is withdrawn from the second stage reactor responsive to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于提供用于低温过程的氨进料的方法和装置。 该方法包括两个定义的阶段，气化和水解。 在第一级热反应器中，将尿素水溶液供给到气化室，并且响应于需要氨的低温过程的需求来控制加热的气体。 将加热的气体和尿素水引入气化室的上游，以将尿素水溶液完全气化成包含氨和异氰酸的第一级气流。 第一级气流被取出并保持足够热，以防止固体形成。 根据需要监测和调整进料到第一级热反应器中的所有量的尿素进料，水和加热气体，以在第二级水解反应器中实现有效的水解。 响应于需要氨的低温过程的需求，第二级气流从第二级反应器中排出。
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公开(公告)号：US20100061907A1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-11
申请号：US12266373
申请日：2008-11-06
IPC分类号： B01D53/56
CPC分类号： B01D53/8625 , B01D53/8696 , B01D53/90 , B01D2251/2067 , F23J15/003 , F23J2219/10
摘要： Disclosed is a system which enables the efficient utilization of urea for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by gasifying it and feeding it to a plurality of selective catalytic reduction units associated with a plurality of gas turbines. The invention enables feeding a gasified product of the urea with the ability to fully control separate SCR units without excessive reagent usage or loss of pollution control effectiveness. Controllers determine the amount of reagent required for each turbine to control NOx emissions and then mixes the gasified urea with the correct amount of carrier gas for efficient operation of each separate SCR unit despite the demand variation between the turbines. In this manner the gasification unit can be properly controlled to provide urea on demand without the need for storing large inventories of ammonia-containing gasses to correct for fluctuations in demand.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种能够有效地利用尿素用于NOx的选择性催化还原（SCR）的系统，其通过气化并将其供给到与多个燃气轮机相关联的多个选择性催化还原单元。 本发明能够使尿素的气化产物能够完全控制单独的SCR单元，而不会过多的试剂使用或污染控制有效性的损失。 控制器确定每个涡轮机控制NOx排放所需的试剂的量，然后将气化的尿素与正确量的载气混合，以有效地操作每个单独的SCR单元，尽管涡轮机之间的需求变化。 以这种方式，可以适当地控制气化单元以根据需要提供尿素，而不需要存储大量含氨气体的清单来校正需求的波动。
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公开(公告)号：US08591848B2
公开(公告)日：2013-11-26
申请号：US12266373
申请日：2008-11-06
CPC分类号： B01D53/8625 , B01D53/8696 , B01D53/90 , B01D2251/2067 , F23J15/003 , F23J2219/10
摘要： Disclosed is a system which enables the efficient utilization of urea for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by gasifying it and feeding it to a plurality of selective catalytic reduction units associated with a plurality of gas turbines. The invention enables feeding a gasified product of the urea with the ability to fully control separate SCR units without excessive reagent usage or loss of pollution control effectiveness. Controllers determine the amount of reagent required for each turbine to control NOx emissions and then mixes the gasified urea with the correct amount of carrier gas for efficient operation of each separate SCR unit despite the demand variation between the turbines. In this manner the gasification unit can be properly controlled to provide urea on demand without the need for storing large inventories of ammonia-containing gasses to correct for fluctuations in demand.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种能够有效地利用尿素用于NOx的选择性催化还原（SCR）的系统，其通过气化并将其供给到与多个燃气轮机相关联的多个选择性催化还原单元。 本发明能够使尿素的气化产物能够完全控制单独的SCR单元，而不会过多的试剂使用或污染控制有效性的损失。 控制器确定每个涡轮机控制NOx排放所需的试剂的量，然后将气化的尿素与正确量的载气混合，以有效地操作每个单独的SCR单元，尽管涡轮机之间的需求变化。 以这种方式，可以适当地控制气化单元以根据需要提供尿素，而不需要存储大量含氨气体的清单来校正需求的波动。
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6.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20130287669A1
公开(公告)日：2013-10-31
申请号：US13455459
申请日：2012-04-25
CPC分类号： C01C1/086 , B01J19/0013 , B01J19/245 , B01J19/2485 , B01J2219/00006 , B01J2219/00051 , B01J2219/00164 , B01J2219/00166 , B01J2219/002 , B01J2219/00231 , C01B2210/0075 , F01N3/2066 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/06 , F01N2900/1404 , F01N2900/1628 , Y02T10/24
摘要： Disclosed are methods and apparatus for providing an ammonia feed for a low-temperature process. The process includes two defined stages, gasification and hydrolysis. In a first stage thermal reactor, an aqueous urea solution is fed to a gasification chamber and heated gases are controlled in response to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia. The heated gases and aqueous urea are introduced into the gasification chamber upstream to fully gasify the solution of aqueous urea to a first stage gas stream comprising ammonia and isocyanic acid. The first stage gas stream is withdrawn and maintained hot enough to prevent solids formation. All amounts of urea feed, water and heated gases fed into the first stage thermal reactor are monitored and adjusted as necessary to achieve efficient hydrolysis in the second stage hydrolysis reactor. The second stage gas stream is withdrawn from the second stage reactor responsive to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于提供用于低温过程的氨进料的方法和装置。 该方法包括两个定义的阶段，气化和水解。 在第一级热反应器中，将尿素水溶液供给到气化室，并且响应于需要氨的低温过程的需求来控制加热的气体。 将加热的气体和尿素水引入气化室的上游，以将尿素水溶液完全气化成包含氨和异氰酸的第一级气流。 第一级气流被取出并保持足够热，以防止固体形成。 根据需要监测和调整进料到第一级热反应器中的所有量的尿素进料，水和加热气体，以在第二级水解反应器中实现有效的水解。 响应于需要氨的低温过程的需求，第二级气流从第二级反应器中排出。
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7.发明授权Selective catalytic reduction of NOx enabled by sidestream urea decomposition 有权通过侧流尿素分解进行NOx的选择性催化还原公开(公告)号：US07829033B2
公开(公告)日：2010-11-09
申请号：US11275989
申请日：2006-02-08
申请人： William H. Sun , William E. Cummings, Jr. , Piers de Havilland , Paul G. Carmignani , John M. Boyle
发明人： William H. Sun , William E. Cummings, Jr. , Piers de Havilland , Paul G. Carmignani , John M. Boyle
CPC分类号： B01D53/8631 , B01D53/90
摘要： A preferred apparatus arrangement utilizes the enthalpy of the flue gas, which can be supplemented if need be, to convert urea (30) into ammonia for SCR. Urea (30), which decomposes at temperatures above 140 .degree. C., is injected (32) into a flue gas stream split off (28) after a heat exchanger (22), such as a primary superheater or an economizer. Ideally, the side stream would gasify the urea without need for further heating; but, when heat is required it is far less than would be needed to heat either the entire effluent (23) or the urea (30). This side stream, typically less than 3% of the flue gas, provides the required temperature and residence time for complete decomposition of urea (30). A cyclonic separator can be used to remove particulates and completely mix the reagent and flue gas. This stream can then be directed to an injection grid (37) ahead of SCR using a blower (36). The mixing with the flue gas is facilitated due to an order of magnitude higher mass of side stream compared to that injected through the AIG in a traditional ammonia-SCR process.
摘要翻译： 优选的装置装置利用烟道气的焓，如果需要，可以补充将尿素（30）转化成氨用于SCR。 尿素（30），其在高于140℃的温度下分解。 在诸如初级过热器或节能器的热交换器（22）之后，将（32）注入（32）到分离（28）的烟道气流中。 理想地，侧流将气化尿素而不需要进一步加热; 但是当需要加热时，它远远小于加热整个流出物（23）或尿素（30）所需要的热量。 通常小于3％烟道气的侧流提供了完全分解尿素（30）所需的温度和停留时间。 旋风分离器可用于除去微粒并完全混合试剂和烟道气。 然后可以使用鼓风机（36）将该流引导到SCR前方的注入格栅（37）。 与通过传统氨SCR工艺中的AIG注入的侧流相比，与烟道气的混合更容易。
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公开(公告)号：US20130039827A1
公开(公告)日：2013-02-14
申请号：US13568411
申请日：2012-08-07
申请人： William H. Sun , Paul G. Carmignani
发明人： William H. Sun , Paul G. Carmignani
IPC分类号： B01D53/56
CPC分类号： F23J15/003 , B01D53/8631 , B01D2251/2067 , B01D2258/0283 , F23J15/02 , F23J2219/10
摘要： A process and an apparatus enhance urea utilization for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx, by controlled preparation and feed of gasified urea during combustor load variation. The concentration of NOx in the combustion gases and a required total gas flow necessary to supply an SCR reactor with NOx reducing and carrier gases are determined. Urea is gasified by gasification gases in a thermal gasification reactor. The resulting urea gasification products are mixed with carrier gases to provide an injection grid supply stream. Heating is reduced and flue gas enthalpy is efficiently used by controls utilizing monitoring the temperatures of gases fed to the thermal gasification reactor and of the stream of carrier gases.
摘要翻译： 一种方法和装置通过在燃烧器负荷变化期间通过控制制备和气化尿素进料来增强NOx的选择性催化还原（SCR）的尿素利用。 确定燃烧气体中的NOx浓度以及向SCR反应器供应NOx还原和载气所需的总气体流量。 尿素在热气化反应器中由气化气体气化。 所得到的尿素气化产物与载气混合以提供注入电网供应流。 通过控制利用监测进入热气化反应器和载气流的气体的温度有效地使用烟道气焓。
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公开(公告)号：US08470277B2
公开(公告)日：2013-06-25
申请号：US13568411
申请日：2012-08-07
申请人： William H. Sun , Paul G. Carmignani
发明人： William H. Sun , Paul G. Carmignani
CPC分类号： F23J15/003 , B01D53/8631 , B01D2251/2067 , B01D2258/0283 , F23J15/02 , F23J2219/10
摘要： A process and an apparatus enhance urea utilization for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx, by controlled preparation and feed of gasified urea during combustor load variation. The concentration of NOx in the combustion gases and a required total gas flow necessary to supply an SCR reactor with NOx reducing and carrier gases are determined. Urea is gasified by gasification gases in a thermal gasification reactor. The resulting urea gasification products are mixed with carrier gases to provide an injection grid supply stream. Heating is reduced and flue gas enthalpy is efficiently used by controls utilizing monitoring the temperatures of gases fed to the thermal gasification reactor and of the stream of carrier gases.
摘要翻译： 一种方法和装置通过在燃烧器负荷变化期间通过控制制备和气化尿素进料来增强NOx的选择性催化还原（SCR）的尿素利用。 确定燃烧气体中的NOx浓度以及向SCR反应器供应NOx还原和载气所需的总气体流量。 尿素在热气化反应器中由气化气体气化。 所得到的尿素气化产物与载气混合以提供注入电网供应流。 通过控制利用监测进入热气化反应器和载气流的气体的温度有效地使用烟道气的焓。
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