摘要:
A method of forming a protection layer on a photoresist pattern and a method of forming a fine pattern using the same are provided. A photoresist layer may be formed on a substrate. Exposure regions and non-exposure regions may be defined in the photoresist layer by an exposure process. A reactive material layer may be formed on the photoresist layer having the exposure regions. A protection layer may be formed on the exposure regions by the reactive material layer reacting via a chemical attachment process. The non-exposure regions and the reactive material layer that remains after the reaction may be removed by a development process to form photoresist patterns. The substrate may be etched using the protection layer and the photoresist patterns as etching masks.
摘要:
A photoresist film is formed on an object layer of a semiconductor device by coating the object layer with a photoresist composition including about 7 percent to about 14 percent by weight of a cyclodextrin derivative, about 0.1 percent to about 0.5 percent by weight of a photoacid generator, and a remainder of an organic solvent. The cyclodextrin derivative includes a β-cyclodextrin moiety and at least one alkyl carbonate group.
摘要:
An apparatus, electronic apparatus and method for adjusting jitter buffer is provided. A previous jitter buffer size based on a jitter buffer size determined according to an adaptive jitter buffer size calculation algorithm is applied in predicting a jitter buffer size of future time such that the predicted jitter buffer size is applied to obtain a jitter buffer size of a valid time. The audio quality of the speech transmitted over a packet switched network is enhanced.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for supporting mobility of a mobile terminal in a Visible Light Communication (VLC) system. The method includes activating only necessary light sources for VLC considering the mobility of the mobile terminal, instead of using total light sources for VLC. Consequently, power consumption can be significantly reduced.
摘要:
A packet route management device, a voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) system, and a method of controlling voice call quality. The packet route management device may manage a packet route in an effort to control VoIP voice call based on bandwidth information of packet route devices. Accordingly, the packet route devices may be allowed to process VoIP packets in real time, and thus voice quality can be maintained at a constant level without packet delay or packet loss.
摘要:
A signal processing technology achieved in a signal processing module, which is physically separate from a control module for controlling overall operations of a signal processing apparatus, is provided. Input of new data to a system memory is recognized. Upon the recognition of the input of the new data, the new data is read from the system memory. The new data read from the system memory is written to a local memory. Data sharing between software and hardware is effectively achieved in a system for performing a wideband codec processing using a dedicated hardware.
摘要:
Disclosed is a coding apparatus and method using residual bits. Accordingly, performance (voice quality) is enhanced by quantizing a full-band gain of frequency coefficients existing in sub-bands to which bits are not assigned in an algebraic vector quantization (AVQ). Further, the performance (voice quality) is enhanced by sequentially quantizing a sub-band gain of sub-bands to which bits are not assigned until residual bits are removed. Furthermore, the performance (voice quality) is enhanced by demodulating AVQ coefficients, and correcting quantization noises starting with a coefficient having the greatest absolute coefficient among the AVQ coefficients, when residual bits additionally remain.
摘要:
An apparatus and method of improving the quality of a speech codec are provided. In the method, a first energy of a signal decoded by a low-band codec is calculated, and a second energy of a signal decoded by a low-band enhancement mode is calculated. Then, when the first energy is less than a first threshold value or less than a product of the second energy and a second threshold value, a size of the decoded signal is scaled. Accordingly, generation of a quantization error with respect to a silence segment is reduced.
摘要:
A method and apparatus are provided for outputting a visibility frame for a communication link connection during a communication link release in a Visible Light Communication (VLC) system. A transmitting-side VLC device determines a visibility frame output type according to a communication mode to be performed. The communication mode and the visibility frame output type are transmitted to a receiving-side VLC device. The receiving-side VLC device is communicated with according to the communication mode and it is determined whether a communication link is released while performing communication according to the communication mode. When the communication link is released, outputting a visibility frame according to the visibility frame output type.
摘要:
An apparatus and method of improving the quality of a speech codec are provided. In the method, a first energy of a signal decoded by a low-band codec is calculated, and a second energy of a signal decoded by a low-band enhancement mode is calculated. Then, when the first energy is less than a first threshold value or less than a product of the second energy and a second threshold value, a size of the decoded signal is scaled. Accordingly, generation of a quantization error with respect to a silence segment is reduced.