公开(公告)号：US06310789B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-30

申请号：US09532918

申请日：2000-03-22

申请人： Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Milan Marcel Jevtitch ,  Vladimir Gartstein ,  William Thomas Milam ,  James Vig Sherrill ,  Nicholas Busko ,  Peter Hansen

发明人： Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Milan Marcel Jevtitch ,  Vladimir Gartstein ,  William Thomas Milam ,  James Vig Sherrill ,  Nicholas Busko ,  Peter Hansen

IPC分类号： H02M307

CPC分类号： H02J7/0065 ,  H02M3/07 ,  H02M3/1588 ,  H02M2003/072 ,  H04R2225/31 ,  H04R2225/33 ,  Y02B40/90 ,  Y02B70/1466

摘要： A charge pump power converter efficiently provides electrical power by dynamically controlling a switch matrix of the charge pump. Instead of open-loop oscillator-based control, a dynamic controller provides power upon demand by sensing the output voltage and changing the operating frequency of the charge pump in response. Moreover, this closed-loop dynamic control intrinsically voltage regulates the output voltage of the charge pump power converter without the inefficient addition of a step-down voltage regulator, downstream of the power converter. In addition, this closed-loop dynamic control allows for maintaining a desired output voltage even with variations in the input voltage. Also, the dynamic control accommodates the advantages of using ultra-capacitors in the charge pump. The power converter is capable of operating with a sub-one volt input voltage incorporating low-threshold, low on-resistance power MOSFET switches in the switch matrix of the charge pump. A progressive start-up circuit further allows the power converter to start from a discharged state even with a sub-one volt input voltage.

摘要翻译： 电荷泵功率转换器通过动态地控制电荷泵的开关矩阵来有效地提供电力。 代替基于开环振荡器的控制，动态控制器通过感测输出电压并响应于改变电荷泵的工作频率来提供功率。 此外，这种闭环动态控制本质上是电压调节电荷泵功率转换器的输出电压，而不会在功率转换器的下游没有降压稳压器的低效添加。 此外，该闭环动态控制允许即使在输入电压变化的情况下仍保持期望的输出电压。 此外，动态控制适应于在电荷泵中使用超级电容器的优点。 电源转换器能够在电荷泵的开关矩阵中使用包含低阈值，低导通电阻功率MOSFET开关的亚一伏输入电压进行工作。 逐行启动电路还允许功率转换器即使在亚一伏输入电压下也从放电状态开始。

公开(公告)号：US06643151B1

公开(公告)日：2003-11-04

申请号：US09652849

申请日：2001-10-09

申请人： Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Milan Marcel Jevtitch ,  Vladimir Gartstein ,  William Thomas Milam ,  James Vig Sherrill ,  Nicholas Busko ,  Peter Hansen

发明人： Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Milan Marcel Jevtitch ,  Vladimir Gartstein ,  William Thomas Milam ,  James Vig Sherrill ,  Nicholas Busko ,  Peter Hansen

IPC分类号： H02M318

CPC分类号： H01M6/5044 ,  H01M10/488 ,  H02J7/0065 ,  H02M3/07 ,  H02M3/1588 ,  Y02B40/90 ,  Y02B70/1466

摘要： A charge pump power converter efficiently provides electrical power by dynamically controlling a switch matrix of the charge pump. Instead of open-loop oscillator-based control, a dynamic controller provides power upon demand by sensing the output voltage and changing the operating frequency of the charge pump in response. Moreover, this closed-loop dynamic control intrinsically voltage regulates the output voltage of the charge pump power converter without the inefficient addition of a step-down voltage regulator, downstream of the power converter. Additional efficiencies are achieved through maintaining the voltage ripple across the fly capacitor and/or the load capacitor. Also, a three-state control scheme is used to charge the fly capacitor, wait for the output voltage to drop to a predetermined level, and discharge the fly capacitor. Furthermore, a multiple-output charge pump power converter provides multiple voltage levels for devices such as portable communication electronic devices.

摘要翻译： 电荷泵功率转换器通过动态地控制电荷泵的开关矩阵来有效提供电力。 代替基于开环振荡器的控制，动态控制器通过感测输出电压并响应于改变电荷泵的工作频率来提供功率。 此外，这种闭环动态控制本质上是电压调节电荷泵功率转换器的输出电压，而不会在功率转换器的下游没有降压稳压器的低效添加。 通过维持飞电电容器和/或负载电容器上的电压纹波来实现额外的效率。 此外，使用三态控制方案对飞电容器进行充电，等待输出电压下降到预定电平，并对放电电容器放电。 此外，多输出电荷泵功率转换器为诸如便携式通信电子设备的装置提供多个电压电平。

公开(公告)号：US06370046B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-09

申请号：US09652847

申请日：2000-08-31

申请人： Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Milan Marcel Jevtitch ,  Vladimir Gartstein ,  William Thomas Milam ,  James Vig Sherrill ,  Nicholas Busko ,  Peter Hansen

发明人： Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Milan Marcel Jevtitch ,  Vladimir Gartstein ,  William Thomas Milam ,  James Vig Sherrill ,  Nicholas Busko ,  Peter Hansen

IPC分类号： H02M318

CPC分类号： H02M3/07 ,  H02M2003/072

摘要： A charge pump power converter efficiently provides electrical power by dynamically controlling a switch matrix of the charge pump that includes a flying ultra-capacitor CUF. Instead of open-loop oscillator-based control, a dynamic controller provides power upon demand by sensing the output voltage and changing the operating frequency of the charge pump in response. Moreover, this closed-loop dynamic control intrinsically voltage regulates the output voltage of the charge pump power converter without the inefficient addition of a step-down voltage regulator, downstream of the power converter. In addition, this closed-loop dynamic control allows for maintaining a desired output voltage even with variations in the input voltage. Further efficiency is achieved by controlling the charging and discharging of the flying ultra-capacitor CUF, both in rate of current change and in voltage ripple.

摘要翻译： 电荷泵功率转换器通过动态地控制包括飞行超级电容器CUF的电荷泵的开关矩阵来有效地提供电力。 代替基于开环振荡器的控制，动态控制器通过感测输出电压并响应于改变电荷泵的工作频率来提供功率。 此外，这种闭环动态控制本质上是电压调节电荷泵功率转换器的输出电压，而不会在功率转换器的下游没有降压稳压器的低效添加。 此外，该闭环动态控制允许即使在输入电压变化的情况下仍保持期望的输出电压。 通过控制飞溅超级电容器CUF的充电和放电，在电流变化率和电压纹波下，实现了更高的效率。

公开(公告)号：US07208928B2

公开(公告)日：2007-04-24

申请号：US10221424

申请日：2001-03-16

申请人： Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Milan Marcel Jevtitch ,  Vladimir Gartstein ,  William Thomas Mllam ,  James Vig Sherrill ,  Nicholas Busko ,  Peter Hansen

发明人： Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Milan Marcel Jevtitch ,  Vladimir Gartstein ,  William Thomas Mllam ,  James Vig Sherrill ,  Nicholas Busko ,  Peter Hansen

IPC分类号： G05F1/40

CPC分类号： H02M3/156 ,  H02M1/36 ,  H02M3/1563 ,  H02M3/1588 ,  Y02B70/1466

摘要： A power converter for coupling an energy source to a load device comprising a selectively coupled output stage to deliver energy from an energy source to a load device, a controller coupled to the output stage, an output stage, a capacitive element coupled to the output terminals, a rectifying element, and a switch responsive to a control signal from the controller. The rectifying element and switch are coupled to the inductive and capacitive elements. The controller is responsive to input signals for generating the control signal to open the switch in a first state and close the switch in a second state. The input signals to the controller produce one or more output voltages across the output terminals, an input voltage across the input terminals, a selectable reference voltage and a feedback signal measured with respect to the inductive element.

摘要翻译： 一种用于将能源耦合到负载装置的功率转换器，包括选择性耦合的输出级，以将能量从能量源传递到负载装置，耦合到输出级的控制器，输出级，耦合到输出端的电容元件 ，整流元件和响应于来自控制器的控制信号的开关。 整流元件和开关耦合到电感和电容元件。 控制器响应于输入信号以产生控制信号以在第一状态下打开开关，并在第二状态下关闭开关。 到控制器的输入信号在输出端产生一个或多个输出电压，输入端上的输入电压，可选参考电压和相对于电感元件测量的反馈信号。

公开(公告)号：US09397370B2

公开(公告)日：2016-07-19

申请号：US11726101

申请日：2007-03-21

申请人： Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Milan Marcel Jevtitch ,  Vladimir Gartstein ,  William Thomas Mllam ,  James Vig Sherrill ,  Nicholas Busko ,  Peter Hansen

发明人： Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Milan Marcel Jevtitch ,  Vladimir Gartstein ,  William Thomas Mllam ,  James Vig Sherrill ,  Nicholas Busko ,  Peter Hansen

IPC分类号： H01M6/00 ,  H01M10/42 ,  H01M10/44

CPC分类号： H01M10/42 ,  H01M10/44

摘要： Single and multiple cell batteries are provided with built-in controllers that monitor the cell or cells and provide a safety disconnect when certain monitored conditions are detected by the controller. Preferred single and multiple cell batteries have their cell or cells within a container having a positive terminal and a negative terminal. The built-in controller monitors the cell or cells for each of the following conditions: over temperature, short-circuit, overcharge, and over-discharge and the controller provides a safety disconnect when one of the monitored conditions exist. A multiple cell battery includes a built-in controller that monitors the temperature of the cells and provides a safety disconnect that electronically disconnects all of the cells when at least one of the cells exceeds a predetermined temperature, or a controller that monitors the state of charge of each of the cells and individually controls the charge cycle of each of the cells, or a controller that monitors the temperature of the cells and to provides a safety disconnect when at least one of the cells exceeds a predetermined temperature.

摘要翻译： 提供单电池和多电池电池，内置控制器，用于监控电池或电池，并在控制器检测到某些监控条件时提供安全断开。 优选的单电池和多电池电池将其电池或电池放在具有正极端子和负极端子的容器内。 内置控制器可监控以下每种情况下的电池或电池：过温，短路，过充电和过放电，并且当存在受监控条件之一时，控制器提供安全断开。 多单元电池包括内置的控制器，其监视电池的温度，并提供安全断开器，当电池中的至少一个电池超过预定温度时电子断开所有电池，或监视充电状态的控制器 并且单独地控制每个电池的充电循环，或者当至少一个电池超过预定温度时监视电池的温度并提供安全断开的控制器。

公开(公告)号：US06731512B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-04

申请号：US10101802

申请日：2002-03-20

申请人： Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Milan Marcel Jevtitch ,  Chow-Chi Huang ,  Kendall William Kerr

发明人： Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Milan Marcel Jevtitch ,  Chow-Chi Huang ,  Kendall William Kerr

IPC分类号： H05K118

CPC分类号： H01L23/055 ,  H01L23/04 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： An active package for an integrated circuit may include an integrated circuit and an active component that is part of the circuit topology for the integrated circuit. The active component forms at least a portion of the housing for the integrated circuit. The integrated circuit may be housed in a shell formed by one or more discrete components. The active package may be formed in the same geometry and dimensions as a standard passive integrated circuit package, or may be formed in a shape to fit inside a standard or specially made battery package, or for another special application. A smart component may include a discrete component or a semiconductor-based resistor, capacitor or inductor, and a separate integrated circuit housed in the same housing as the discrete component or a semiconductor-based resistor, capacitor or inductor. The integrated circuit may control at least one electrical parameter of the discrete component or a semiconductor-based resistor, capacitor or inductor. In one embodiment, the integrated circuit may maintain the resistance, resistivity, capacitance, inductance, etc. of the component inside a narrow range in order to create a high-precision component regardless of changes in environmental changes such as temperature, pressure, humidity, etc.

摘要翻译： 用于集成电路的有源封装可以包括集成电路和作为用于集成电路的电路拓扑的一部分的有源部件。 有源部件形成用于集成电路的壳体的至少一部分。 集成电路可以容纳在由一个或多个分立组件形成的外壳中。 有源封装可以形成为与标准无源集成电路封装相同的几何形状和尺寸，或者可以形成为适合于标准或特别制造的电池封装内的形状，或者用于另一特殊应用。 智能部件可以包括分立部件或基于半导体的电阻器，电容器或电感器，以及容纳在与分立部件或基于半导体的电阻器，电容器或电感器相同的壳体中的单独的集成电路。 集成电路可以控制分立元件或基于半导体的电阻器，电容器或电感器的至少一个电参数。 在一个实施例中，集成电路可以将组件的电阻，电阻率，电容，电感等保持在窄范围内，以便产生高精度分量，而不管环境变化如温度，压力，湿度， 等等

公开(公告)号：US06483275B1

公开(公告)日：2002-11-19

申请号：US09298804

申请日：1999-04-23

申请人： Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Vladimir Gartstein

发明人： Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Vladimir Gartstein

IPC分类号： H02J700

CPC分类号： H01M10/488 ,  G01R31/362 ,  G01R31/3648 ,  G01R31/3686 ,  H01M6/5044 ,  H01M10/4257 ,  H02J7/0065 ,  H02J9/061

摘要： A built-in battery integrated circuit (50) in the form of a flexible circuit board (70) of a consumer battery (10) senses a voltaic cell electrode (32″, 34″) voltage, and when the voltage is indicative of a low state of charge, activates an indicating system (11), alerting a user to the impending battery failure. In addition, a tester actuator button (15) is placed exteriorly on the battery container (12) to manually activate the indicating system (11) to verify that the battery has not become so low of charge as to prevent the indicating system from functioning. Advantageously, the tester actuator button (15) may further enable the built-in battery integrated circuit, thus having all internal electronics unpowered until a user decides to use the battery (10). The indicating system (11) includes an analog indicator such as a bargraph and/or a pulse indicator (64) such as an LED or LCD.

摘要翻译： 消费电池（10）的柔性电路板（70）形式的内置电池集成电路（50）感测电池单元电极（32“，34”）电压，并且当电压为指示时 充电状态低的情况下，激活指示系统（11），提示用户即将发生电池故障。 此外，将测试器执行器按钮（15）放置在电池容器（12）的外部，以手动启动指示系统（11），以验证电池未变得如此低的电量，以防止指示系统起作用。 有利地，测试者执行器按钮（15）还可以使得内置的电池集成电路能够使得所有内部电子装置都不起动，直到用户决定使用电池（10）为止。 指示系统（11）包括诸如条形图和/或诸如LED或LCD的脉冲指示器（64）的模拟指示器。

公开(公告)号：US06835491B2

公开(公告)日：2004-12-28

申请号：US09275495

申请日：1999-03-24

申请人： Vladimir Gartstein ,  Dragan Danilo Nebrigic

发明人： Vladimir Gartstein ,  Dragan Danilo Nebrigic

IPC分类号： H01M1048

CPC分类号： H01M10/48 ,  H01M6/5044 ,  H01M10/425 ,  H01M10/4257 ,  H01M2200/00

摘要： A multiple-cell battery having a built-in controller is disclosed that extends the run time of the battery. The controller may extend the run time of the battery, for example, by converting the cell voltage to an output voltage that is greater than a cut-off voltage of an electronic device, by converting the cell voltage to an output voltage that is less than the nominal voltage of the electrochemical cell of the battery, or by protecting the electrochemical cell from current peaks. The controller may also include a ground bias circuit that provides a virtual ground so that a converter may operate at lower cell voltages. The battery may be a single-cell battery, a universal single-cell battery, a multiple-cell battery or a multiple-cell hybrid battery. The individual cells of the multiple-cell battery may be connected in series or parallel. In addition, the individual cells may have a controller in each cell that is capable of performing one or more functions to extend the run time of the cell.

摘要翻译： 公开了具有内置控制器的多节电池，其延长了电池的运行时间。 控制器可以延长电池的运行时间，例如通过将电池电压转换成小于电子装置的截止电压的输出电压，将电池电压转换成小于 电池的电化学电池的标称电压，或通过保护电化学电池免受电流峰值的影响。 控制器还可以包括提供虚拟接地的接地偏置电路，使得转换器可以在较低的电池电压下工作。 电池可以是单节电池，通用单节电池，多节电池或多节电池混合电池。 多节电池的单个电池可以串联或并联连接。 此外，各个单元可以在每个单元中具有能够执行一个或多个功能以延长单元的运行时间的控制器。

公开(公告)号：US06379324B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-30

申请号：US09328947

申请日：1999-06-09

申请人： Vladimir Gartstein ,  Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Grover David Owens ,  Faiz Feisal Sherman ,  Vadim Vladimirovich Yuzhakov

发明人： Vladimir Gartstein ,  Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Grover David Owens ,  Faiz Feisal Sherman ,  Vadim Vladimirovich Yuzhakov

IPC分类号： A61B1720

CPC分类号： B81C99/0085 ,  A61B5/14514 ,  A61B5/150022 ,  A61B5/150099 ,  A61B5/150282 ,  A61B5/150389 ,  A61B5/150412 ,  A61B5/150458 ,  A61B5/150969 ,  A61B5/150984 ,  A61M37/0015 ,  A61M2037/0023 ,  A61M2037/003 ,  A61M2037/0053 ,  B29L2031/7544 ,  B29L2031/756 ,  B81B2201/055

摘要： A first embodiment microneedle array is constructed of silicon and silicon dioxide compounds using MEMS technology and standard microfabrication techniques to create hollow cylindrical individual microneedles. The resulting array of microneedles can penetrate with a small pressure through the stratum corneum of skin to either deliver drugs or to facilitate interstitial fluid sampling through the hollow microneedles into the epidermis. The delivery of drugs and sampling of fluids can be performed by way of passive diffusion (time release), instantaneous injection, or iontophoresis. In a second embodiment, an array of hollow (or solid) microneedles is constructed of plastic or some other type of molded or cast material. An electric field may be used to increase transdermal flow rate, and the microneedles can be effectively combined with the application of an electric field between an anode and cathode attached to the skin which causes a low-level electric current. As a drug delivery system, the microneedle array includes electrodes that apply an electric potential to the skin between the electrode locations. One of the electrode assemblies is filled with an ionized drug, and the charged drug molecules move into the body due to the applied electric potential. As a body-fluid sampling system, the microneedle array also includes electrodes to assist in moving fluid from the body into a receiving chamber, and which further includes a bioelectrochemical sensor to measure the concentration of a particular substance.

摘要翻译： 第一实施例微针阵列由硅和二氧化硅化合物构成，使用MEMS技术和标准微加工技术来制造中空圆柱形单个微针。 所得的微针阵列可以通过皮肤的角质层穿透小的压力，以递送药物或促进通过空心微针进入表皮的间质液取样。 可以通过被动扩散（时间释放），瞬时注射或离子电渗法进行药物的输送和液体取样。 在第二实施例中，中空（或固体）微针的阵列由塑料或其它类型的模制或铸造材料构成。 可以使用电场来增加透皮流速，并且可以将微针与附着在皮肤上的阳极和阴极之间的电场的施加有效地组合，这导致低电平电流。 作为药物递送系统，微针阵列包括在电极位置之间向皮肤施加电位的电极。 电极组件中的一个填充有电离药物，并且带电药物分子由于施加的电位而进入体内。 作为体液采样系统，微针阵列还包括有助于将流体从身体移动到接收室中的电极，并且还包括用于测量特定物质浓度的生物电化学传感器。

公开(公告)号：US6163131A

公开(公告)日：2000-12-19

申请号：US54087

申请日：1998-04-02

申请人： Vladimir Gartstein ,  Dragan Danilo Nebrigic

发明人： Vladimir Gartstein ,  Dragan Danilo Nebrigic

IPC分类号： G01N27/416 ,  H02J7/00

CPC分类号： H02J50/12 ,  H02J7/025 ,  H02M3/00

摘要： A battery having a built-in controller that controls one or more functions of the battery is disclosed. The battery may, for example, control a charge or a discharge cycle of a battery, disconnect an electrochemical cell from the terminals of the battery in an emergency condition, provide electronic identification of cell characteristics or conditions, or provide a low remaining charge warning. The battery may be a single-cell battery, a universal single-cell battery, a multiple-cell battery or a multiple-cell hybrid battery. Each individual cell preferably has a built-in controller.

摘要翻译： 公开了具有控制电池的一个或多个功能的内置控制器的电池。 例如，电池可以控制电池的充电或放电循环，在紧急情况下将电池的电池从电池的端子断开，提供电池特性或条件的电子识别，或提供低的剩余电量警告。 电池可以是单节电池，通用单节电池，多节电池或多节电池混合电池。 每个单元优选地具有内置的控制器。