公开(公告)号：US20080096080A1

公开(公告)日：2008-04-24

申请号：US11907204

申请日：2007-10-10

申请人： Emad Batawi ,  Darren Hickey ,  James McElroy

发明人： Emad Batawi ,  Darren Hickey ,  James McElroy

IPC分类号： H01M8/10 ,  B05D1/00

CPC分类号： H01M4/9066 ,  H01M4/861 ,  H01M4/8642 ,  H01M4/8652 ,  H01M4/8657 ,  H01M4/8885 ,  H01M4/9016 ,  H01M8/1253 ,  H01M2004/8684 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  Y02E60/525 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) includes a cathode electrode, a solid oxide electrolyte, and an anode electrode having a first portion and a second portion, such that the first portion is located between the electrolyte and the second portion. The anode electrode comprises a cermet comprising a nickel containing phase and a ceramic phase. The first portion of the anode electrode contains a lower porosity and a lower ratio of the nickel containing phase to the ceramic phase than the second portion of the anode electrode.

摘要翻译： 固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）包括阴极电极，固体氧化物电解质和具有第一部分和第二部分的阳极，使得第一部分位于电解质和第二部分之间。 阳极电极包括含有镍相和陶瓷相的金属陶瓷。 与阳极电极的第二部分相比，阳极电极的第一部分含有较低的孔隙率和较低的含镍相与陶瓷相的比例。

公开(公告)号：US06916569B2

公开(公告)日：2005-07-12

申请号：US10011579

申请日：2001-11-05

申请人： Emad Batawi ,  Kaspar Honegger

发明人： Emad Batawi ,  Kaspar Honegger

IPC分类号： H01M4/86 ,  H01M8/0271 ,  H01M8/1231 ,  H01M8/124 ,  H01M8/2425 ,  H01M8/10 ,  H01M2/08

CPC分类号： H01M8/0271 ,  H01M8/1231 ,  H01M8/2425 ,  H01M8/2432 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  H01M2300/0074

摘要： A fuel cell having a solid electrolyte layer (12) forms together with two electrode layers (11, 13) a plate-like multiple layer system (1). The layers are applied by means of coating procedures to an open-pored, electrically conducting carrier structure (10) in the sequence anode (11), electrolyte (12) and cathode (13). This multiple layer system (1) has an outer edge which is exposed during a current generating operation of the fuel cell to an external environment (60) which contains molecular oxygen. The material of the carrier structure assumes an oxidized or a reduced state in thermodynamic equilibrium at the operating temperature of the fuel cell depending on the environment. The outer edge (16) of the multiple layer plate is covered over with an inert material. At the operating temperature of the fuel cell this edge covering (126) forms a barrier which inhibits or prevents the transport of molecular oxygen out of the external environment (60) into the carrier structure. The material is in particular YSZ, i.e. zirconium dioxide ZrO2 which is stabilized with yttrium oxide Y2O3.

摘要翻译： 具有固体电解质层（12）的燃料电池与两个电极层（11,13）一起形成板状多层系统（1）。 这些层通过涂覆方法施加到序列阳极（11），电解质（12）和阴极（13）中的开孔导电载体结构（10）。 该多层系统（1）具有在燃料电池的电流产生操作期间暴露于包含分子氧的外部环境（60）的外边缘。 根据环境，载体结构的材料在燃料电池的操作温度下在热力学平衡中呈现氧化或还原状态。 多层板的外边缘（16）用惰性材料覆盖。 在燃料电池的操作温度下，该边缘覆盖层（126）形成阻挡或阻止分子氧从外部环境（60）输送到载体结构中的屏障。 材料特别是YSZ，即用氧化钇Y 2 O 3 3稳定的二氧化锆ZrO 2 2。

公开(公告)号：US5932368A

公开(公告)日：1999-08-03

申请号：US782202

申请日：1997-01-10

申请人： Emad Batawi ,  Kaspar Honegger

发明人： Emad Batawi ,  Kaspar Honegger

IPC分类号： H01M4/86 ,  H01M8/0202 ,  H01M8/1213 ,  H01M8/1231 ,  H01M8/124 ,  H01M8/2425

CPC分类号： H01M8/2425 ,  H01M8/1213 ,  H01M8/1231 ,  H01M2004/8684 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  H01M2300/0074 ,  H01M4/8647 ,  H01M4/9066 ,  H01M8/0202

摘要： The high temperature fuel cell with a thin film electrolyte has an electrochemically active element which is executed as a planar multi-layer structure. At least the electrolyte and cathode layers are deposited on a porous, gas-permeable carrier structure, by means of a thin film technique. The carrier structure is a sintered body of metal ceramic material which comprises a highly porous base layer as well as a fine pored cover layer of anode material placed on the base layer. The pores of the base layer are open with respect to one another and have an average diameter of the order of magnitude of at least about 300 .mu.m. The pores of the cover layer have diameters which are not substantially greater than 1 to 3 .mu.m. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the carrier structure is substantially the same as that of the solid electrolyte.

摘要翻译： 具有薄膜电解质的高温燃料电池具有作为平面多层结构执行的电化学活性元件。 至少电解质和阴极层通过薄膜技术沉积在多孔的，透气的载体结构上。 载体结构是金属陶瓷材料的烧结体，其包含高度多孔的基底层以及放置在基底层上的阳极材料的细孔覆盖层。 基底层的孔相对于彼此敞开，并且具有至少约300μm的数量级的平均直径。 覆盖层的孔具有基本上不大于1至3μm的直径。 载体结构的热膨胀系数基本上与固体电解质的相同。

公开(公告)号：US5658623A

公开(公告)日：1997-08-19

申请号：US247808

申请日：1994-05-23

申请人： Emad Batawi ,  John Antony Peters

发明人： Emad Batawi ,  John Antony Peters

IPC分类号： B28B1/26 ,  B21B1/38 ,  B21C23/00 ,  B22F3/00

CPC分类号： B21C23/002 ,  B21B1/38 ,  Y10T29/304 ,  Y10T29/305 ,  Y10T29/306 ,  Y10T29/4981 ,  Y10T29/49998 ,  Y10T428/12028 ,  Y10T428/131

摘要： A parting compound in the form of a monolithic component (3a, 3b) is used in accordance with the invention for the hot forming of encased metal parts (2). This component consists of powder particles strengthened by sintering. The parting compound material is brittle at ambient temperature and at the deforming temperature of the metal parts is plastically deformable or free flowing in a highly viscous manner.

摘要翻译： 根据本发明，使用整体组件（3a，3b）形式的分型化合物用于热封成型金属部件（2）。 该组分由通过烧结强化的粉末颗粒组成。 分离复合材料在环境温度下脆性，并且金属部件的变形温度是可塑性变形的或以高度粘性的方式自由流动。

公开(公告)号：US07638222B2

公开(公告)日：2009-12-29

申请号：US10059878

申请日：2002-01-28

申请人： Andreas Franz-Josef Kaiser ,  Kaspar Honegger ,  Emad Batawi

发明人： Andreas Franz-Josef Kaiser ,  Kaspar Honegger ,  Emad Batawi

IPC分类号： H01M8/02

CPC分类号： H01M4/8885 ,  H01M4/8621 ,  H01M8/1213 ,  H01M8/1226 ,  H01M8/2425 ,  H01M8/243 ,  H01M8/2457 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  Y02E60/366 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： The porous, gas permeable layer substructure (5; 5a, 5b) for a thin, gas tight layer (89) can in particular be used as a functional component in high temperature fuel cells (8). This layer substructure has a smooth surface (50a) which is suitable for an application of the gas tight layer or a multi-layer system including the gas tight layer, with the application being carried out by means of a screen printing method or other coating methods. The smooth surface is formed by a compacted edge zone (50). The edge zone and a carrier structure (51) adjacent to this are made from sinterable particles of a uniform substance mixture. The porosity of the carrier structure is greater than 30 volume percent, preferably greater than 40 volume percent. The pore size of the edge zone is smaller than 10 μm, preferably smaller than 3 μm.

摘要翻译： 用于薄的气密层（89）的多孔气体渗透层子结构（5; 5a，5b）可特别用作高温燃料电池（8）中的功能组分。 该层子结构具有适用于气密层的应用的光滑表面（50a）或包括气密层的多层系统，其应用是通过丝网印刷法或其它涂布方法 。 光滑表面由压实的边缘区域（50）形成。 边缘区域和与其相邻的载体结构（51）由均匀物质混合物的可烧结颗粒制成。 载体结构的孔隙率大于30体积％，优选大于40体积％。 边缘区域的孔径小于10μm，优选小于3μm。

公开(公告)号：US07138355B2

公开(公告)日：2006-11-21

申请号：US10449194

申请日：2003-05-29

申请人： Emad Batawi ,  Cyril Voisard

发明人： Emad Batawi ,  Cyril Voisard

IPC分类号： H01M4/88 ,  H01M4/86

CPC分类号： H01M4/86 ,  H01M4/8828 ,  H01M8/12

摘要： The disclosure concerns a method of preparing an ink (P) which can be used for the manufacture of a functional layer (6), in particular for the manufacture of an electrode for fuel cells, which ink contains dispersely distributed particles (101, 102) forming two solid phases, with catalytic reactions being able to be activated in the manufactured functional layer on a gas/solid interface by a combined action of the two solid phases and with gaseous reactants. In a first step (1), the solid phases are formed as fine-grain particles (P1, P2) and the particles of both solid phases are dispersed in a first liquid (L1) in a mixed and homogeneously distributed manner (2). Heterogeneous conglomerates (P3) of the fine-grain particles are formed from the thereby created dispersion (D); these conglomerates are mixed to form a homogeneous ink (P), after sintering (4), by addition of a second liquid (L2) and by comminution (5), with particles formed in the first step having such a fine grain that the heterogeneous conglomerates and their fractions each contain a plurality of particles of both solid phases after comminution.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种制备可用于制造功能层（6）的油墨（P）的方法，特别是用于制造用于燃料电池的电极，该油墨含有分散分布的颗粒（101,102） 形成两个固相，催化反应能够通过两种固相和气体反应物的组合作用在气/固界面上在制备的功能层中活化。 在第一步骤（1）中，固相形成为细晶粒（P 1，P 2），两相固相的粒子以混合均匀分布的方式分散在第一液体（L 1）中（ 2）。 由此产生的分散体（D）形成细颗粒的异质聚集体（P 3）; 将这些聚集体混合以形成均匀的油墨（P），在烧结（4）后，通过加入第二液体（L 2）和粉碎（5），在第一步中形成的颗粒具有这样的细晶粒，使得 异质团聚体及其馏分各自在粉碎后均含有两个固相的多个颗粒。

公开(公告)号：US20050069756A1

公开(公告)日：2005-03-31

申请号：US10934094

申请日：2004-09-03

申请人： Gilles Robert ,  Andreas Kaiser ,  Emad Batawi

发明人： Gilles Robert ,  Andreas Kaiser ,  Emad Batawi

IPC分类号： H01M4/86 ,  H01M8/02 ,  H01M8/12 ,  B05D5/12

CPC分类号： H01M4/9066 ,  H01M4/8621 ,  H01M4/9016 ,  H01M4/9041 ,  H01M8/1226 ,  H01M8/1246 ,  H01M2004/8684 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  H01M2300/0094 ,  Y02E60/525 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： The high temperature fuel cell includes a fuel side carrier structure (1), which includes an anode layer (1a) and which serves as a carrier for a thin, gas-tight sintered solid material electrolyte layer (2). This carrier is formed by a heterogeneous phase (1b) in which hollow cavities in the form of macro-pores and also micro-pores are contained. The heterogeneous phase includes two part phases which penetrate each other in interlaced manner. The first part phase consists of a ceramic material and the second part phase has metal, for which a redox cycle can be carried out with a complete reduction and renewed oxidation. The first part phase is composed of large and small ceramic particles (10, 11), from which inherently stable “burr corpuscles” (12, 13) are formed as islands in the heterogeneous phase. The second part phase produces an electrically conductive connection through the carrier structure in the presence of the reduced form of the metal. The large and small ceramic particles have an average diameter d50 larger than 5 μm and smaller than 1 μm respectively. The volume ratios of the ceramic particles are selected in such a manner that the “burr corpuscles” are associated with an “adhesive burr composite” through which the carrier structure is stabilised against changes in stability. By means of this stabilisation the metric characteristics are substantially maintained at the boundary surface to the electrolyte layer so that volume changes of the second part phase during the redox cycle leave the gas tightness of the electrolyte layer substantially intact. For high temperature fuel cells, in which the electrolyte layer is formed as a carrier and the anode layer is applied to this carrier, the heterogeneous phase defined above can likewise be used to advantage.

摘要翻译： 高温燃料电池包括燃料侧载体结构（1），其包括阳极层（1a），并且其用作薄的气密烧结固体电解质层（2）的载体。 该载体由非均相（1b）形成，其中包含大孔和微孔形式的空腔。 异质相包括以隔行方式相互穿透的两部分相。 第一部分相由陶瓷材料组成，第二部分相具有金属，氧化还原循环可以完全还原和再次氧化进行。 第一部分相由大而小的陶瓷颗粒（10,11）组成，其中固有稳定的“毛刺小体”（12,13）在异质相中形成为岛状。 第二部分相在存在还原形式的金属的情况下通过载体结构产生导电连接。 大小陶瓷颗粒的平均直径d50分别大于5μm和小于1μm。 选择陶瓷颗粒的体积比，使得“毛刺小体”与“粘合剂毛刺复合物”相关联，通过该粘合剂毛发复合物，载体结构稳定而不会改变稳定性。 通过这种稳定性，度量特征基本上保持在电解质层的边界表面，使得在氧化还原循环期间第二部分相的体积变化使得电解质层的气密性基本上保持不变。 对于其中电解质层形成为载体并且阳极层施加到该载体的高温燃料电池，同样可以有利地使用上述定义的非均相。

公开(公告)号：US20120141916A1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-07

申请号：US13346607

申请日：2012-01-09

申请人： Gilles Robert ,  Andreas Franz-Josef Kaiser ,  Emad Batawi

发明人： Gilles Robert ,  Andreas Franz-Josef Kaiser ,  Emad Batawi

IPC分类号： H01M8/12 ,  H01M4/04 ,  H01M8/00

CPC分类号： H01M4/8621 ,  H01M4/9025 ,  H01M4/9066 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  H01M2300/0068

摘要： The structured body intended for use for an anode (1) in fuel cells, includes a structure formed by macro-pores and an electrode material. The macro-pores form communicating spaces which are produced by using pore forming materials. The electrode material includes skeleton-like or net-like connected structures of particles which are connected by sintering and which form two reticular systems which interengage: a first reticular system made of ceramic material and a second reticular system which contains metals to effect an electrical conductivity. The electrode material has the properties so that, with a multiple change between oxidizing and reducing conditions, substantially no major property changes occur in the ceramic reticular system, and an oxidization or reduction of the metals occurs in the second reticular system.

摘要翻译： 用于燃料电池中的阳极（1）的结构体包括由大孔和电极材料形成的结构。 大孔形成通过使用成孔材料生产的连通空间。 电极材料包括通过烧结连接并形成两个网状系统的颗粒的骨架状或网状连接的结构，其相互联系：由陶瓷材料制成的第一网状系统和包含金属以实现导电性的第二网状体系 。 电极材料具有这样的性质，使得在氧化还原条件之间发生多重变化时，在陶瓷网状体系中基本上不发生主要的性质变化，并且在第二网状体系中发生金属的氧化或还原。

公开(公告)号：US08114551B2

公开(公告)日：2012-02-14

申请号：US10355624

申请日：2003-01-31

申请人： Gilles Robert ,  Andreas Franz-Josef Kaiser ,  Emad Batawi

发明人： Gilles Robert ,  Andreas Franz-Josef Kaiser ,  Emad Batawi

IPC分类号： H01M8/10 ,  H01M4/90

CPC分类号： H01M4/8621 ,  H01M4/9025 ,  H01M4/9066 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  H01M2300/0068

摘要： The structured body intended for use for an anode (1) in fuel cells, includes a structure formed by macro-pores and an electrode material. The macro-pores form communicating spaces which are produced by using pore forming materials. The electrode material includes skeleton-like or net-like connected structures of particles which are connected by sintering and which form two reticular systems which interengage: a first reticular system made of ceramic material and a second reticular system which contains metals to effect an electrical conductivity. The electrode material has the properties so that, with a multiple change between oxidizing and reducing conditions, substantially no major property changes occur in the ceramic reticular system, and an oxidization or reduction of the metals occurs in the second reticular system.

摘要翻译： 用于燃料电池中的阳极（1）的结构体包括由大孔和电极材料形成的结构。 大孔形成通过使用成孔材料生产的连通空间。 电极材料包括通过烧结连接并形成两个网状系统的颗粒的骨架状或网状连接的结构，其相互联系：由陶瓷材料制成的第一网状系统和包含金属以实现导电性的第二网状体系 。 电极材料具有这样的性质，使得在氧化还原条件之间发生多重变化时，在陶瓷网状体系中基本上不发生主要的性质变化，并且在第二网状体系中发生金属的氧化或还原。

公开(公告)号：US20060083979A1

公开(公告)日：2006-04-20

申请号：US11081351

申请日：2005-03-15

申请人： Gilles Robert ,  Andreas Franz-Josef Kaiser ,  Emad Batawi

发明人： Gilles Robert ,  Andreas Franz-Josef Kaiser ,  Emad Batawi

IPC分类号： H01M4/90 ,  H01M8/12

CPC分类号： H01M4/8885 ,  B22F3/1112 ,  B22F3/1118 ,  B22F3/1143 ,  H01M4/8621 ,  H01M4/8647 ,  H01M4/90 ,  H01M8/1213 ,  H01M2004/8684 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  H01M2300/0074

摘要： Anode material for a fuel cell which is to be operated at a high temperature above 700° C., which said anode material being a porous composite material with a heterogeneous phase of solid materials which is formed by two reticular systems which penetrate each other in interlaced manner of particles connected by sintering, namely a first reticular system of ceramic material, and also a second reticular system of metallic material for the purpose of bringing about redox processes and an electrical conductivity, characterised in that the first reticular system is composed of large and small ceramic particles (10, 11) with average diameters d50 greater than 5 μm or smaller than 1 μm respectively, in that 50 to 80% of the first reticular system is formed from the large ceramic particles (10), and in that a composition of the anode material to be used is given by values which are selected by means of samples of this material and a test method, wherein the test method includes at least one redox cycle, an irreversible change in length of the selected sample adopting in this a value smaller than 0.002, preferably smaller than 0.0005, and the following measurements and evaluations being carried out per redox cycle at a temperature which is at least the same as the operating temperature of the fuel cell: A linear elongation of the sample is measured in the oxidised state of the second reticular system and a value L1 is determined. The second reticular system is reduced, is oxidised again after at least one hour, and a value L2 of the linear elongation is determined for the newly oxidised state. One obtains the specific value of the irreversible change in length as the ratio (L1−L2):L1.

摘要翻译： 在高于700℃的高温下操作的燃料电池用阳极材料，其中所述阳极材料是具有固相材料的非均相的多孔复合材料，所述多孔复合材料由隔行相互穿插的两个网状体系形成 通过烧结连接的颗粒的方式，即陶瓷材料的第一网状体系，以及用于实现氧化还原过程和导电性的金属材料的第二网状系统，其特征在于，第一网状体系由大的和 小陶瓷颗粒（10,11）的平均直径大于5μm或小于1μm，其中第一网状体系的50-80％是由大的陶瓷颗粒（ 10），并且使用的阳极材料的组成由通过该材料的样品和测试方法选择的值给出，其中测试方法包括 至少一个氧化还原循环，所选样品长度的不可逆变化采用小于0.002，优选小于0.0005的值，并且在至少为氧化还原循环的温度下，每氧化还原循环进行以下测量和评估 与燃料电池的操作温度相同：在第二网状体系的氧化状态下测量样品的线性伸长率，并且确定值L1 <1>。 第二网状体系减少，在至少1小时后再次氧化，并且对于新近氧化的状态确定线性伸长率的值L 2。 一个获得长度上不可逆变化的具体值作为比例（L L1→L2→2）：L 1。