摘要:
The mixture from which sulphuric acid must be separated according to the present invention are those which derive from the sulphoxidation of (C.sub.12 -C.sub.8)-n-paraffins with SO.sub.2 and O.sub.2 in the presence of water and of U.V. light at a temperature comprised within the range of from 25 to 50.degree. C., after the removal of n-paraffins, which separate spontaneously, and of SO.sub.2 excess. In order to remove said sulphuric acid, the refined mixture, possibly diluted with water, is mixed with one or more halogenated solvents, the separation being obtained of water and sulphuric acid from the refined mixture, to the total mixture (with the two phases) a cosolvent is added, which is constituted by alcohols or ethers, with the separation being obtained of a phase constituted by H.sub.2 O and H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, which is removed. The residual organic phase, practically free from sulphuric acid, is submitted to the removal of solvents and cosolvents by means of conventional techniques.
摘要:
Mixtures of C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 n-paraffins with paraffinsulfonic acids having the same number of carbon atoms, water and sulfuric acid, and obtained by sulfoxidation of said paraffins with sulfur dioxide and oxygen in the presence of water and ultraviolet radiation are stripped of their excess sulfur dioxide and decanted to separate most of the paraffins, and obtain a residual mixture.The residual mixture is fed with sulfuric acid until a two-phase system forms or at least until the mixture becomes turbid, and the turbid mixture or that floating on the heavy water-sulfuric acid phase is extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide, which removes with it the paraffins, which can be reused in the sulfoxidation process.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for the extraction of paraffins from mixtures obtained by the sulfoxidation of paraffins having a number of carbon atoms within the range of 12 to 18, which is characterized in that carbon dioxide is used as the solvent under supercritical conditions.
摘要:
For preparing carbonyl compounds containing certain functional groups, a carbonyl compound is reacted with an unsaturated compound in the presence of a trivalent-manganese initiator and an amine. There is a positive coaction between the trivalent-Mn catalyst and the amine. Typically, 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol is reacted with acetone in the presence of triethylamine and manganese triacetate (bihydrated) to obtain 2-methyl-heptane-2-ol-3-one. Yields and selectivities are more than satisfactory.
摘要:
A process for preparing an alkaline metal salt of a polyethoxycarboxylic acid defined by the formulaR'(OR).sub.m (OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n-1 (OCH.sub.2)COOMby oxidation in the presence of a platinum or palladium catalyst, of a polyethoxy alcohol of the formulaR'(OR).sub.m (OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n OH,followed by reactivating the catalyst in the reaction mixture and recovering in active form the insoluble and soluble catalyst fractions. The alkaline metal salts of polyethoxycarboxylic acids thus produced are useful as surfactants, which can be employed in the recovery of oil from wells of medium and high salinity.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for synthesizing pyran nitriles of the general formula ##STR1## consisting of reacting aliphatic 1,5 hydroxyketones with aliphatic nitriles in the presence of basic substances such as oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates of alkali metal and alkaline earth metals, and in particular of alkali metal hydroxides or alcoholates, as the catalyst.
摘要:
A single-phase, either isotropic or anisotropic formulation is disclosed, which contains perfluorinated oil and one or more surfactant(s), is useful as an excipient for cosmetic and dermatologic formulations and is characterized in that at least one surfactant is selected from those having the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.F is an F--(CF.sub.2 --CF.sub.2).sub.i -- group;X is a group selected from: ##STR2## --(CH.sub.2 --O).sub.K --; and --(CH.sub.2 --S).sub.K --; wherein R.sup.I is a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl;Y is a group selected from: NH.sub.2 (R.sup.II).sub.2 and N(R.sup.II).sub.4 ; wherein R.sup.II is a hydrogen atom, or a group selected from --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --OH and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl;i is an integer comprised within the range of from 3 to 8;i is zero or 1;K is 2.l;l is an integer comprised within the range of from 1 to 10;m is 1 or 2.Such composition is spontaneously formed when the components are simply placed into contact with one another.In particular, in case of the isotropic form, the composition is a fluid, clear and stable composition, with particle size smaller than 400 .ANG., containing:(a) from 1 to 50% by weight of the perfluorinated oil;(b) from 1 to 50% by weight of water;(c) from 8 to 60% by weight of at least one surfactant selected from the above defined surfactants;(d) from 6 to 38% by weight of a co-surfactant, selected from (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)-aliphatic alcohols.In case of the anisotropic form, the composition has a high viscosity, and contains:(a) from 1 to 50% by weight of the perfluorinated oil;(b) from 1 to 80% by weight of water;(c) from 1 to 40% by weight of at least one surfactant selected from the above defined surfactants;(d) from 0 to 19% by weight of a co-surfactant, selected from (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)-aliphatic alcohols.Furthermore, in case of the isotropic composition this latter finds use also in the biomedical sector.
摘要:
The invention relates to acetylenic glycols having the formula : ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or an alkenyl group, and to their derivatives obtained through hydrogenation or ethoxylation reactions, these compounds showing outstanding surface active properties. The invention relates also to the process for the preparation of the subject compounds starting from 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one.
摘要:
2,5-Dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene is prepared by dehydrating 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol in liquid phase. The reaction takes place by contacting 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol, melted or dissolved in an appropriate solvent, with acids, heating the mixture at a temperature of 100.degree. C.-160.degree. C. and distilling off water from the reaction environment as it is being formed. The pressure can range between 1 and 10 bars.
摘要:
A concrete composition contains hydraulic cement, inerts, water and superfluidifying additive obtained by salifying, in the form of an alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salt, the sulphonated and oxidised products resulting from the reaction between sulphur trioxide and fuel oil deriving from steam cracking. This concrete composition has improved workability characteristics and enables concretes to be obtained generally possessing greater strength and durability.