摘要:
Testing process for testing zero emission hydrocarbon wells in order to obtain general information on a reservoir, comprising the following steps: injecting into the reservoir a suitable liquid or gaseous fluid, compatible with the hydrocarbons of the reservoir and with the formation rock, at a constant flow-rate or with constant flow rate steps, and substantially measuring, in continuous, the flow-rate and injection pressure at the well bottom; closing the well and measuring the pressure, during the fall-off period (pressure fall-off) and possibly the temperature; interpreting the fall-off data measured in order to evaluate the average static pressure of the fluids (Pav) and the reservoir properties: actual permeability (k), transmissivity (kh), areal heterogeneity or permeability barriers and real Skin factor (S); calculating the well productivity.
摘要:
Testing process for testing hydrocarbon wells at zero emissions in order to obtain general information on a reservoir. The process includes injecting into the reservoir a suitable liquid or gaseous fluid, compatible with the hydrocarbons of the reservoir and with the formation rock, at a constant flow-rate or with constant flow rate steps, and substantially measuring, in continuous, the flow-rate and injection pressure at the well bottom. Then, the well is closed and the pressure is measured during the fall-off period (pressure fall-off). The measured fall-off data is interpreted in order to evaluate the average static pressure of the fluids (Pav) and the reservoir properties including actual permeability (k), transmissivity (kh), areal heterogeneity or permeability barriers and real Skin factor (S). Then, well productivity is calculated.
摘要:
A method of controlling deposition of a continuous elongated element in building a tire for vehicle wheels, includes: feeding an initial end of a continuous elongated element of elastomeric material through a slit bounded by a first roller and a second roller of a calender; retaining the continuous elongated element against a peripheral surface of the first roller; laying the initial end of the continuous elongated element against a deposition surface; rotating the calender around an oscillation axis that is substantially coincident with a contact generatrix between the first roller and the second roller; and dragging along the continuous elongated element together with the deposition surface.
摘要:
A method for controlling the discharge of fluids during a process for vulcanization and moulding of a green tire includes the steps of: building at least one portion of a radially internal surface of a green tire by winding of a continuous elongated element of elastomeric material into a plurality of coils confining circumferential grooves along the rolling direction of the tire; disposing the circumferential grooves into fluid communication with discharge channels present in the radially external surface of a pressing bladder disposed in a radially internal cavity bounded by the green tire.
摘要:
An apparatus for building tyres for vehicle wheels includes a building drum having at least one first outer circumferential surface, and at least one pair of auxiliary support members removably in engagement with the building drum, each in axial side by side relationship with a respective end of the building drum and having second outer circumferential surfaces extending in the continuation of the first outer circumferential surface so as to support at least one component of the tyre. Each of the second outer circumferential surfaces has at least one non-stick circumferential portion and at least one sticking circumferential portion.
摘要:
During manufacture of a tyre for motor vehicles, one or more structural elements of elastomeric material, such as a tread band provided with a respective under-layer, are manufactured by laying a continuous elongated element on the carcass structure or other forming support, which elongated element is longitudinally divided into a first and second mutually-coupled portions that are obtained through extrusion of two different elastomeric materials coming from respective extruders leading to a common extrusion die. Laying of the coils takes place in such a manner that the first and second materials form a first layer and a second layer overlapping the first layer, respectively.
摘要:
A tyre for a vehicle wheel includes a toroidal carcass including a central crown portion and two axially opposed sidewalls terminating in beads for mounting on a rim. Each bead includes at least one annular reinforcing core that includes a set of loops or spirals of metallic filament. The carcass is provided with a reinforcing structure including at least one carcass ply reinforced with metallic cords. Ends of the reinforcing structure are fixed to the reinforcing cores. The reinforcing structure includes a neutral profile intersecting cross-sections of fields that delimit the reinforcing cores. The profile includes a continuous curvature without points of inflection along the extension between the beads. At least one auxiliary reinforcing element is provided in at least one of the beads that partially extends within a respective field or in a radially inner portion of at least one sidewall in a position radially external to the field.
摘要:
A method of controlling the deposition of semifinished elements for tire production, includes: sending a first radiation onto one tire being processed, consisting of one forming support with at least one portion of the tire component laid on the support, the tire component being at least partly formed of a plurality of semifinished elements defining a radially external layer of the tire being processed; receiving a first reflected radiation from a radially external surface of the tire being processed; determining, as a function of the reflected radiation, parameters representative of the thickness of the layer; comparing the parameters with reference values; and generating an alarm signal as a function of the comparison.
摘要:
A process for manufacturing tyres for vehicle wheels includes building on a forming support a carcass structure including at least one carcass ply, and, at at least one end edge of the carcass ply, at least one annular anchoring structure including at least one substantially circumferential annular insert and at least one filling insert associated with the at least one substantially circumferential annular insert. Building the carcass structure includes positioning the annular anchoring structure on the carcass ply by moving the substantially circumferential annular insert into contact with an end edge of the carcass ply by means of a special positioning member, pulling down the filling insert on the end edge of the carcass ply and turning up a free end portion of the end edge of the carcass ply so as to form a turned up end portion of the carcass ply including the annular anchoring structure. The pulling down of the filling insert on the end edge of the carcass ply is carried out by a special pulling down member while the substantially circumferential annular insert is retained in a contact position with the end edge of the carcass ply by the positioning member.
摘要:
A method for manufacturing a tyre for vehicle wheels, includes a carcass structure having at least one carcass ply associated with axially opposite annular anchoring structures. The method includes the steps of manufacturing at least one pair of annular anchoring structures of the carcass structure and associating the pair of annular anchoring structures with the at least one carcass ply at axially opposite end flaps of the carcass ply. The step of manufacturing each annular anchoring structure includes the steps of manufacturing a bead core and coating the bead core with a reinforcement tape through an apparatus. The step of coating the bead core includes the steps of winding the reinforcement tape onto the bead core moving a tape deposition member with respect to the bead core. The step of manufacturing the annular anchoring structure further includes a step of loading the reinforcement tape onto the tape deposition member. This last step is carried out simultaneously with at least part of the step of winding the reinforcement tape onto the bead core.