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公开(公告)号：US5501781A
公开(公告)日：1996-03-26
申请号：US287093
申请日：1994-08-08
Applicant: Michael S. Hsu , Ethan D. Hoag
Inventor： Michael S. Hsu , Ethan D. Hoag
IPC: F02C3/36 , F02C6/00 , F02C6/04 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/06 , H01M8/14 , H01M8/24 , C25B9/00 , C25B11/02 , C25B15/08
CPC classification number: H01M8/0247 , F02C3/36 , F02C6/00 , F02C6/04 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04067 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/0625 , H01M8/2425 , H01M2008/147 , H01M2300/0014 , H01M2300/0051 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0254 , H01M8/04014 , H01M8/04022 , Y02E60/526
Abstract: An electrochemical converter assembly that significantly reduces the size of the dedicated thermal processing heat exchangers associated with the converter. This reduction is achieved by heating the input reactants of the electrochemical converter assembly inside the axial manifolds. This heating configuration thus relies upon an effective heat transfer mechanism located within the manifolds, and particularly within the manifold surfaces. In a preferred embodiment, the heating of the reactants occurs at the entrance region of the planar gap formed between the interconnector plates and the electrolyte plates. This heating is facilitated by the conduction of heat through the highly thermally conductive interconnector plate to an extended heating surface disposed within the manifold. This extended surface conducts heat from the fuel cell interior to the axial manifolds to heat the reactants to the converter operating temperature prior to passage through the entrance region and eventually through the reactant passageways of the plates.
Abstract translation: 一种电化学转换器组件，其显着地减小与转换器相关联的专用热处理热交换器的尺寸。 该还原通过将电化学转化器组件的输入反应物加热到轴向歧管内而实现。 因此，这种加热配置依赖于位于歧管内，特别是在歧管表面内的有效传热机构。 在优选的实施方案中，反应物的加热发生在形成在互连板和电解质板之间的平面间隙的入口区域。 通过将热量通过高导热互连板传导到设置在歧管内的延伸的加热表面来促进加热。 该延伸的表面将热量从燃料电池内部传导到轴向歧管，以在通过入口区域并最终通过板的反应物通道之前将反应物加热到转炉工作温度。
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公开(公告)号：US4757514A
公开(公告)日：1988-07-12
申请号：US765229
申请日：1985-08-13
Applicant: Ethan D. Hoag
Inventor： Ethan D. Hoag
Abstract: Light generated in the optical resonator of a gas laser is polarized by disposing an array of fine, parallel, highly light reflective wires in the path of the light beam propagating in the resonator. The wires are cooled by conduction of heat to a heat sink or by causing gas to flow through the array. In one embodiment, the wire array is arranged to be rotated to enable the plane of polarization to be turned to any desired orientation. The difference in absorption by the wire array between two orthogonal components of the flux in the resonator need be only in the order of 1% to cause nearly complete linear polarization of the light emerging from the resonator. The parallel wires, preferably, are spaced so that they are situated at the peaks of the lower order modes in the resonator. In lieu of using fine wires, very fine parallel lines or grooves whose width and spacing are such as to provide a low efficiency diffraction grating may be provided in the surface of an optical element of the resonator.
Abstract translation: 在气体激光器的光学谐振器中产生的光通过在谐振器中传播的光束的路径中设置精细的，平行的，高度反光的布线的阵列而被极化。 电线通过热传导到散热片或通过使气体流过阵列来冷却。 在一个实施例中，线阵列被布置成旋转以使极化平面能够转到任何期望的取向。 通过线阵列在谐振器中的通量的两个正交分量之间的吸收差异仅需要1％的量级，以使从谐振器出射的光几乎完全线性极化。 平行线优选地间隔开，使得它们位于谐振器中的低阶模的峰值处。 代替使用细线，可以在谐振器的光学元件的表面中提供非常细的平行线或者其宽度和间距等于提供低效衍射光栅的凹槽。
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公开(公告)号：US4734916A
公开(公告)日：1988-03-29
申请号：US841626
申请日：1986-03-20
Applicant: Ethan D. Hoag
Inventor： Ethan D. Hoag
Abstract: A laser oscillating apparatus has a compact, simple structure by utilizing the laser housing itself as an optical bench. Means for thermal expansion and contraction in the longitudinal direction of the laser housing are supported in the laser housing as a united body. The blower which circulates the lasing gases is constructed of a plurality of fans mounted for separate thermal expansion and contraction, enabling the use of high speed fans. Means are provided between the blower and the lasing region for cooling and smoothing the gas flow. The cap of the laser apparatus is arranged at the strength center of the housing to ensure a gas-tight interior.
Abstract translation: 激光振荡装置通过利用激光器壳体本身作为光学平台而具有紧凑，简单的结构。 作为激光壳体的长度方向的热膨胀和收缩的装置作为联合体支撑在激光器壳体中。 循环激发气体的鼓风机由多个安装用于分开的热膨胀和收缩的风扇构成，能够使用高速风扇。 在鼓风机和激光区域之间设置有用于冷却和平滑气流的装置。 激光装置的盖子设置在壳体的强度中心，以确保气密的内部。
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公开(公告)号：US4686685A
公开(公告)日：1987-08-11
申请号：US741756
申请日：1985-06-06
Applicant: Ethan D. Hoag
Inventor： Ethan D. Hoag
Abstract: A laser of the flowing gas type employs an optical resonator having mirrors at each end of the lasing region which are supported, without a separate optical bench, by a hollow cylindrical gas-tight housing. Enclosed in the housing are a pump for circulating the gas, electrodes for causing lasing of the flowing gas, and heat exchangers for cooling the gas. Those enclosed structures are subject to thermal expansion and contraction and are hung between a pair of plates. One of those plates is affixed to one end of the housing while the other plate is free to move within the housing so that thermal expansion and contraction of the enclosed structures does not place an appreciable stress on the housing. A heat shield is disposed between the hung structures and the inside wall of the housing to provide a barrier to the transmission of heat to the housing and the housing is liquid cooled to stabilize its temperature. The mirrors of the optical resonator are mounted on rings attached to each end of the housing. Apertures are provided in the plates to provide windows for the passage of light reflected between the mirrors of the optical resonator. At least one of the mirrors is mounted so that its alignment can be adjusted without opening the gas tight housing.
Abstract translation: 流动气体类型的激光器采用具有在激光区域的每个端部处的反射镜的光学谐振器，其通过中空圆柱形气密性壳体而被支撑，而没有单独的光学平台。 封闭在壳体中的是用于循环气体的泵，用于引起流动气体的激光的电极，以及用于冷却气体的热交换器。 这些封闭结构受到热膨胀和收缩的作用，并悬挂在一对板之间。 这些板中的一个固定在壳体的一端，而另一个板在壳体内自由移动，使得封闭结构的热膨胀和收缩不会对壳体产生明显的应力。 隔热罩设置在悬挂结构和壳体的内壁之间，以便为壳体的热传递提供屏障，并且壳体被液体冷却以稳定其温度。 光学谐振器的反射镜安装在附接到壳体的每一端的环上。 孔中设置有板，以提供用于在光谐振器的反射镜之间反射的光的通过的窗口。 安装至少一个反射镜，使得其对准可以在不打开气密壳体的情况下进行调节。
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公开(公告)号：US4578792A
公开(公告)日：1986-03-25
申请号：US431014
申请日：1982-09-30
Applicant: Ethan D. Hoag
Inventor： Ethan D. Hoag
Abstract: A high-power flowing-gas laser comprises an outer housing, an optical system including a laser channel within the housing, an impeller driven by a motor for producing a flow of gas through the laser channel, and an independent mounting for mounting the optical system to the support idependently of the housing mounting such as to isolate the optical system from the vibrational disturbances of the impeller and its motor drive. The laser channel is folded so as to be constituted of a plurality of laser channel legs disposed in a polygon configuration, there being a gas flow channel for each laser channel leg and a conduit arrangement directing the gas to flow transversely across the legs radially inwardly from the outer region of the polygon to a common collection region within the polygon. A first heat-exchanger is provided between the common collection region and the impeller for cooling the gas, and a second heat-exchanger is provided in a fixed annular array of turning vanes between the outlet end of the impeller and the inlet ends of the gas flow channels for further cooling the gas.
Abstract translation: 大功率流动气体激光器包括外壳，包括壳体内的激光通道的光学系统，由用于产生通过激光通道的气体流动的电动机驱动的叶轮，以及用于安装光学系统的独立安装 与壳体安装相关联的支撑件，以便将光学系统与叶轮及其电机驱动器的振动干扰隔离。 激光通道被折叠成由多个配置的多个激光通道腿组成，每个激光通道腿都有一个气体流动通道，以及一个导管装置，其导引气体横向穿过支腿径向向内流动 多边形的外部区域到多边形内的公共集合区域。 在公共收集区域和叶轮之间设置第一热交换器以冷却气体，并且在叶轮的出口端和气体的入口端之间的转向叶片的固定环形阵列中设置第二热交换器 用于进一步冷却气体的流动通道。
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US4010427A
公开(公告)日：1977-03-01
申请号：US664656
申请日：1976-03-08
Applicant: Diarmaid H. Douglas-Hamilton , Ethan D. Hoag
Inventor： Diarmaid H. Douglas-Hamilton , Ethan D. Hoag
CPC classification number: H01S3/134 , H01S3/09707
Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the power of a laser beam issuing from a gaseous working medium in a working region wherein the gas is subjected to an electric field and an ionizing beam is directed to the gas, ionizing the gas and producing therein secondary electrons sufficient to support laser action wherein the power of the laser beam is controlled by controlling the power of the electron beam and the electron beam power is controlled by an electrical feedback signal from a radiation detector that detects a fraction of the laser beam reflected from a plurality of reflective small wires carried by a rotatable hub which causes the wires to sequentially pass through the laser beam and reflect a small fraction of the laser beam towards the radiation detector.
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公开(公告)号：US3982200A
公开(公告)日：1976-09-21
申请号：US394350
申请日：1973-09-04
Applicant: Ethan D. Hoag , Henry E. Pease
Inventor： Ethan D. Hoag , Henry E. Pease
CPC classification number: H01S3/036
Abstract: A two chamber electrically pumped electron beam stabilized gas discharge laser is enabled to operate at lower electron accelerating voltages for given power applications through provision of very thin separating diaphragms. The apparatus is controlled throughout initial pump down, laser gas filling, laser operation and air release phases to prevent occurrence of a diaphragm rupturing pressure differential between the two chambers or the inadvertent malsequencing of chamber evacuation and backfill.
Abstract translation: 双室电泵浦电子束稳定气体放电激光器能够通过提供非常薄的分离膜片在给定功率应用下以更低的电子加速电压工作。 该装置在初始泵送，激光气体填充，激光操作和空气释放阶段被控制，以防止膜片破裂两个室之间的压力差异或室排空和回填的无意识的排序。
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公开(公告)号：US4755720A
公开(公告)日：1988-07-05
申请号：US841760
申请日：1986-03-20
Applicant: Ethan D. Hoag
Inventor： Ethan D. Hoag
CPC classification number: H01J1/88 , H01J5/32 , H01S3/0385 , H01S3/0388
Abstract: A pin-shaped discharge electrode is provided which prevents corrosion and promotes stable glow discharge. In order to reduce the occurrence of a large field near the bottom of the electrode, the electrode is embedded in a cavity of an insulating base plate.
Abstract translation: 提供了一种销状放电电极，其防止腐蚀并促进稳定的辉光放电。 为了减少电极底部附近的大场发生，将电极嵌入绝缘基板的空腔中。
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公开(公告)号：US4726032A
公开(公告)日：1988-02-16
申请号：US841766
申请日：1986-03-20
Applicant: Ethan D. Hoag
Inventor： Ethan D. Hoag
CPC classification number: H01S3/0401 , H01S3/081 , H01S3/106 , H01S3/0407
Abstract: A comb-shaped polarizing device for use in a laser is compact, inexpensive and easily adjusted. The device includes an annular member having a number of comb-shaped teeth projecting opposite similarly shaped teeth from a rectangular aperture. The comb-shaped teeth are arranged in a plane transversing a laser beam which is under oscillation. Cooling water passages are formed in the annular member. In one embodiment the annular member is provided at its periphery with gear teeth which mate with a motor for selection of the direction of polarization of the laser beam.
Abstract translation: 用于激光器的梳形偏振装置是紧凑的，便宜的并且容易调节。 该装置包括环形构件，该环形构件具有与矩形孔相对的与相同形状的齿突出的多个梳状齿。 梳状齿布置在正在振荡的激光束的横截面中。 冷却水通道形成在环形构件中。 在一个实施例中，环形构件在其周边处设置有与电动机配合的齿轮齿，用于选择激光束的偏振方向。
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公开(公告)号：US4698551A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-06
申请号：US841767
申请日：1986-03-20
Applicant: Ethan D. Hoag
Inventor： Ethan D. Hoag
CPC classification number: H01S3/0385
Abstract: A discharge electrode for a gas discharge device has pin-shaped electrodes which are effectively cooled in the gas flow and which promote a stable glow-discharge. The pin-shaped electrodes are made from a wire member which is curled at its end. An extension portion of the electrodes extends a predetermined length from the curled end, and is bent in an approximately L-shape to form a post position. The pin-shaped electrode is disposed in the gas flow so that the extension portion is orthogonal to the gas flow.
Abstract translation: 用于气体放电装置的放电电极具有在气流中被有效地冷却并且促进稳定的辉光放电的pin形电极。 销状电极由其末端卷曲的线材制成。 电极的延伸部分从卷曲的端部延伸预定长度，并且弯曲成大致L形以形成柱位置。 销状电极设置在气流中，使得延伸部分与气流正交。
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