公开(公告)号：US4918468A

公开(公告)日：1990-04-17

申请号：US352395

申请日：1989-05-15

申请人： Fred Miekka ,  Leo A. Beaudet

发明人： Fred Miekka ,  Leo A. Beaudet

IPC分类号： G03G15/32

CPC分类号： G03G15/323

摘要： Method and apparatus for charged particle generation, particularly for use in electrographic imaging, in which charged particles are generated in a discharge region and extracted to form an electrostatic image, wherein a controlled gas is introduced into the discharge region for improved operation and service life. The controlled gas may consist of nitrogen, an elemental noble gas (or mixture of such gasses, or a mixture of nitrogen with one or more noble gasses. In the preferred charged particle generator designs, a high voltage alternating potential (drive voltage) is applied between driver and control electrodes separated by a solid dielectric member to induce glow discharges within apertures in the control electrodes. The charged particle generator may include only the driver and control electrodes, or may further include screen electrodes to regulate the extraction of charged particles. Injection controlled gas into the various discharge sites dramatically reduces the threshold voltages for charged particle generation as well as the corrosion and fouling of electrodes and dielectrics, providing a more durable device and improved electrographic print quality. Nitrogen and nitrogen-argon mixtures are preferred, particularly nitrogen-argon mixtures of about 2:1 volume ratio. The controlled gas may be injected at relatively low concentrations with advantageous results, as well as at higher concentrations.

摘要翻译： 用于带电粒子产生的方法和装置，特别是用于电子照相成像中，其中在放电区域中产生带电粒子并提取以形成静电图像，其中将受控气体引入放电区域以改善操作和使用寿命。 受控气体可以由氮，元素惰性气体（或这种气体的混合物，或氮气与一种或多种贵重气体的混合物）组成。在优选的带电粒子发生器设计中，施加高电压交变电位（驱动电压） 在驱动器和控制电极之间，由固体电介质部件分开，以在控制电极的孔内引起辉光放电，带电粒子发生器可以仅包括驱动器和控制电极，或者还可以包括用于调节带电粒子提取的屏幕电极 控制气体进入各种排放位置大大降低了带电粒子产生的阈值电压以及电极和电介质的腐蚀和结垢，提供了更耐用的装置和改善的电印印刷质量，优选氮和氮 - 氩混合物，特别是氮 约2：1体积比的混合物。受控气体 可以以相对低的浓度注射，有利的结果以及更高的浓度。

公开(公告)号：US20080107867A1

公开(公告)日：2008-05-08

申请号：US11935352

申请日：2007-11-05

申请人： Fred Miekka

发明人： Fred Miekka

IPC分类号： B32B3/00

CPC分类号： H05K1/0203 ,  H05K1/111 ,  H05K3/0061 ,  H05K3/321 ,  H05K3/341 ,  H05K3/386 ,  H05K2201/0215 ,  H05K2201/0373 ,  H05K2201/062 ,  H05K2201/083 ,  H05K2201/10166 ,  H05K2201/10462 ,  H05K2201/10969 ,  Y02P70/611 ,  Y02P70/613 ,  Y10T428/24355

摘要： Low profile circuit boards having heat dissipative properties are disclosed having numerous discrete heat dissipating bonding zones. These electric circuit boards help dissipate heat from individual components such as transistors. Thermally conductive protrusions that may have an ultra low profile may be employed to promote bonding and remove heat. The resulting circuit boards are compact and have good heat dissipating properties. The ultra low profile protrusions disclosed in the present invention may also be used in other applications as well.

摘要翻译： 公开了具有散热特性的薄型电路板，其具有许多分散的散热接合区域。 这些电路板有助于从单个组件（如晶体管）散发热量。 可以使用可能具有超低轮廓的导热突起来促进结合并除去热。 所得到的电路板是紧凑的并且具有良好的散热性能。 本发明中公开的超低轮廓突起也可以用于其他应用中。

公开(公告)号：US20080023667A1

公开(公告)日：2008-01-31

申请号：US11820048

申请日：2007-06-18

申请人： Fred Miekka ,  Jason Twebell

发明人： Fred Miekka ,  Jason Twebell

IPC分类号： C09K13/06 ,  C09K13/04 ,  C09K13/08

CPC分类号： C09K13/08 ,  C04B41/009 ,  C04B41/5353 ,  C04B41/91 ,  C04B2111/00362 ,  C04B33/00

摘要： Aqueous based tile etching solutions are disclosed containing hydrofluoric acid along with additives that can be used to reveal exposure. The exposure revealing additives of the present invention may have irritant properties so that an exposed individual can feel that skin contact has occurred and/or alternatively may dye the skin to reveal a colored or fluorescent stain where contact has taken place. The result is a hydrofluoric acid containing tile etching solution having improved overall safety by revealing when and where exposure has taken place. This becomes very important owing to the fact that skin contact with solutions containing hydrofluoric acid often go unnoticed for some time and may therefore result in substantial chemical injury including bone damage. The hydrofluoric acid employed in the present invention may be formed in situ by the interaction of a strong acid with a water soluble fluoride salt.

摘要翻译： 公开了含有氢氟酸的水性瓷砖蚀刻溶液以及可用于显露曝光的添加剂。 本发明的曝光显露添加剂可能具有刺激性质，使得暴露的个体可以感觉到皮肤接触已经发生，和/或可替代地染色皮肤以露出接触已发生的有色或荧光染料。 结果是含氟氢酸瓦蚀刻溶液通过暴露曝光的时间和地点而改善了整体安全性。 这是非常重要的，因为与含有氢氟酸的溶液的皮肤接触常常不被注意一段时间，因此可能导致显着的化学损伤，包括骨损伤。 本发明中使用的氢氟酸可以通过强酸与水溶性氟化物盐的相互作用原位形成。

公开(公告)号：US20080020678A1

公开(公告)日：2008-01-24

申请号：US11828270

申请日：2007-07-25

申请人： Fred Miekka ,  Bola Ajere

发明人： Fred Miekka ,  Bola Ajere

IPC分类号： B24B1/00

CPC分类号： B24D15/02 ,  B24D15/045

摘要： Discontinuous abrasive particle releasing surfaces are disclosed that may be employed in low speed wet grinding, sanding, and polishing operations. The discontinuous abrasive surfaces of the present invention may consist of abrasive containing protrusions attached to rigid or flexible surfaces or alternatively may be comprised of closed cell foam compositions impregnated with abrasive materials such as aluminum oxide. The voids present in the discontinuous abrasive surfaces of the present invention serve to hold water and remove debris. The resulting discontinuous abrasive particle releasing surfaces are long lasting and may be made low in cost.

摘要翻译： 公开了不连续的磨料颗粒释放表面，其可用于低速湿法研磨，打磨和抛光操作。 本发明的不连续磨料表面可以由附着在刚性或柔性表面上的含磨料的突起组成，或者可以由浸渍有研磨材料如氧化铝的闭孔泡沫组合物组成。 存在于本发明的不连续研磨表面中的空隙用于保持水并除去碎屑。 所得到的不连续的磨料颗粒释放表面是持久的并且可以使成本低廉。

公开(公告)号：US5027136A

公开(公告)日：1991-06-25

申请号：US465810

申请日：1990-01-16

申请人： Richard A. Fotland ,  Fred Miekka

发明人： Richard A. Fotland ,  Fred Miekka

IPC分类号： B41J2/415

CPC分类号： B41J2/415

摘要： Method and apparatus for charged particle generation, particularly for use in electrographic imaging, in which a drive electrode and an isolation electrode are substantially in contact with opposite sides of a solid dielectric member, and a discharge electrode is placed on the same side of the solid dielectric member as the isolation electrode to define a discharge region. A high voltage time varying potential is imposed between the drive electrode and the discharge electrode to produce charged particles in the discharge region, and the isolation electrode is capacitively coupled to the drive electrode but otherwise is electrically isolated. The discharge electrode and isolation electrode are not coplanar and the discharge region does not border on the solid dielectric member. In a first embodiment, a dielectric shelf is placed intermediate an apertured discharge electrode and the isolation electrode, to facilitate the inception of discharges. In an alternative embodiment the discharge electrode is an elongate structure placed over the isolation electrode and supported by an apertured dielectric layer.

摘要翻译： 用于带电粒子产生的方法和装置，特别是用于电子照相成像中，其中驱动电极和隔离电极基本上与固体电介质构件的相对侧接触，放电电极放置在固体的同一侧 绝缘构件作为隔离电极以限定放电区域。 在驱动电极和放电电极之间施加高电压时变电位，在放电区域产生带电粒子，隔离电极与驱动电极电容耦合，而另外电隔离。 放电电极和隔离电极不是共面的，并且放电区域不与固体电介质构件接合。 在第一实施例中，将电介质搁架放置在有孔放电电极和隔离电极之间，以便于开始放电。 在替代实施例中，放电电极是放置在隔离电极上并由有孔电介质层支撑的细长结构。

公开(公告)号：US20090011692A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-08

申请号：US12209149

申请日：2008-09-11

申请人： Fred Miekka ,  Bola Ajere

发明人： Fred Miekka ,  Bola Ajere

IPC分类号： B24B23/00

CPC分类号： B24D3/346 ,  A45D29/04 ,  B24D11/00 ,  B24D15/02

摘要： Abrasive articles are disclosed that may be used in dry sanding applications. The abrasive articles disclosed may be made entirely from abrasive materials or alternatively may be made by fastening abrasive surfaces to handles or tools. The abrasive articles of the present invention have abrasive surfaces with controlled wear rates that renew themselves during use. The self renewing abrasive surfaces of the present invention may be prepared by pressing a mixture of abrasive particles and a minimal amount of a foam binder together into a mold and subsequently allowing the mixture to foam, break down, and harden. Alternatively, high loading densities of abrasive with larger amounts of foam binder may be employed that retain their foam integrity. The resulting abrasive articles are long lasting and may be made low in cost.

摘要翻译： 公开了可用于干砂打磨应用的磨料制品。 所公开的研磨制品可以完全由研磨材料制成，或者可以通过将磨料表面紧固到手柄或工具上而制成。 本发明的磨料制品具有磨损表面，其磨损速度受控，在使用过程中自身更新。 本发明的自更新研磨表面可以通过将研磨颗粒和最少量的泡沫粘合剂的混合物一起压入模具中并随后使混合物发泡，分解和硬化来制备。 或者，可以使用保持其泡沫完整性的具有较大量泡沫粘合剂的磨料的高负载密度。 所得到的磨料制品是持久的并且可以使成本低廉。

公开(公告)号：US20080057844A1

公开(公告)日：2008-03-06

申请号：US11929963

申请日：2007-10-30

申请人： Fred Miekka ,  Bola Ajere

发明人： Fred Miekka ,  Bola Ajere

IPC分类号： B24D11/00

CPC分类号： B24D3/346 ,  A45D29/04 ,  B24D11/00 ,  B24D15/02

摘要： Discontinuous abrasive surfaces are disclosed that may be employed in wet and/or dry applications. The discontinuous abrasive surfaces of the present invention may consist of abrasive containing protrusions attached to rigid or flexible surfaces arranged in one or more layers, or alternatively may be comprised of closed cell foam compositions impregnated with abrasive materials such as aluminum oxide. The closed cell foam compositions of the present invention may soften with water to provide a cushioning layer for abrasive particles at the working surface. The voids present in the discontinuous abrasive surfaces of the present invention serve to hold water in wet applications and remove debris. The resulting discontinuous abrasive particle releasing surfaces are long lasting and may be made low in cost.

摘要翻译： 公开了不连续的研磨表面，其可用于湿和/或干燥应用中。 本发明的不连续研磨表面可以由附着到以一层或多层布置的刚性或柔性表面的含磨料的突起组成，或者可以由浸渍有研磨材料如氧化铝的闭孔泡沫组合物组成。 本发明的闭孔泡沫组合物可以用水软化以在工作表面上提供磨料颗粒的缓冲层。 存在于本发明的不连续研磨表面中的空隙用于在湿的应用中保持水分并除去碎屑。 所得到的不连续的磨料颗粒释放表面是持久的并且可以使成本低廉。

公开(公告)号：US20070178777A1

公开(公告)日：2007-08-02

申请号：US11655932

申请日：2007-01-22

申请人： Fred Miekka

发明人： Fred Miekka

IPC分类号： H01R13/02

CPC分类号： H01R13/02 ,  Y10S439/931

摘要： Electrical contacting surfaces are disclosed having numerous electrically conductive substantially spherical protrusions. These contacting surfaces may be used repeatedly in low voltage applications. The numerous electrically conductive substantially spherical protrusions provide points of high pressure thereby forming multiple parallel electrically conductive pathways across the contacting surfaces to establish good electrical continuity.

摘要翻译： 公开了具有许多导电的基本上球形的突起的电接触表面。 这些接触表面可以在低电压应用中重复使用。 许多导电的基本上球形的突起提供高压点，从而在接触表面上形成多个平行的导电路径，以建立良好的电连续性。

公开(公告)号：US4764229A

公开(公告)日：1988-08-16

申请号：US75545

申请日：1987-07-20

申请人： Fred Miekka ,  Jim Miekka

发明人： Fred Miekka ,  Jim Miekka

IPC分类号： C06B31/48 ,  C06B33/08

CPC分类号： C06B33/08 ,  C06B31/48 ,  Y10S149/112

摘要： Sensitized inorganic nitrate mixtures with high brisance are provided in which oxygen balance is attained by the incorporation of aluminum dust and hydrocarbons. Cap sensitivity is achieved by adding an organic nitrate. The resultant mixtures have a low tendency to sweat and cause headaches.

摘要翻译： 提供了具有高气味的敏化无机硝酸盐混合物，其中通过引入铝粉尘和碳氢化合物来获得氧平衡。 通过添加有机硝酸盐来实现盖子灵敏度。 所得混合物具有低的汗水倾向并引起头痛。

公开(公告)号：US20090258585A1

公开(公告)日：2009-10-15

申请号：US12489179

申请日：2009-06-22

申请人： Fred Miekka ,  Bola Ajere

发明人： Fred Miekka ,  Bola Ajere

IPC分类号： B24D15/02 ,  C09K3/14

CPC分类号： B24D3/346 ,  A45D29/04 ,  B24D11/00 ,  B24D15/02

摘要： Abrasive articles are disclosed that may be used in dry sanding applications. The abrasive articles disclosed may be made entirely from abrasive materials or alternatively may be made by fastening abrasive surfaces to handles or tools. The abrasive articles of the present invention have abrasive surfaces with controlled wear rates that renew themselves during use. The self renewing abrasive surfaces of the present invention may be prepared by pressing a mixture of abrasive particles and a minimal amount of a foam binder together into a mold and subsequently allowing the mixture to foam, break down, and harden. Alternatively, high loading densities of abrasive with larger amounts of foam binder may be employed that retain their foam integrity. The resulting abrasive articles are long lasting and may be made low in cost.

摘要翻译： 公开了可用于干砂打磨应用的磨料制品。 所公开的研磨制品可以完全由研磨材料制成，或者可以通过将磨料表面紧固到手柄或工具上而制成。 本发明的磨料制品具有磨损表面，其磨损速度受控，在使用过程中自身更新。 本发明的自更新研磨表面可以通过将研磨颗粒和最少量的泡沫粘合剂的混合物一起压入模具中并随后使混合物发泡，分解和硬化来制备。 或者，可以使用保持其泡沫完整性的具有较大量泡沫粘合剂的磨料的高负载密度。 所得到的磨料制品是持久的并且可以使成本低廉。