摘要:
A charging device includes a charging member contactable to a member to be charged. A bias source includes an AC source and a DC source and is effective to apply a bias voltage to the charging member. The bias voltage is provided by a superposing a constant current controlled AC voltage and a constant voltage controlled DC voltage. When a DC voltage is applied between the charging member and the member to be charged, the following equation is satisfied..vertline.(applied voltage V)-(charge voltage V.sub.D of the member to be charged).vertline.=.vertline.(charge starting voltage V.sub.TH).vertline..The charge starting voltage is a DC voltage at a level which the member to be charged starts charging when only a DC voltage is applied between the member to be charged and the charging member. When the above relationship is used in the AC voltage application, the charge voltage V.sub.D oscillates in the charge region with a center of DC voltage V.sub.DC. Since the peak-to-peak voltage of the oscillating voltage required for uniform charging changes with ambient conditions, it is necessary to compensate for this change. The electric current supplied to the charging member by the oscillating component provided by the AC source is controlled to be constant. Since the charge potential of the member to be charged is determined by the DC voltage component, it is charged to a constant potential by supplying a constant DC voltage level. Therefore, the DC voltage source of the bias voltage effects a constant voltage control.
摘要:
An elastic roller includes a conductive base; an elastic layer on the conductive base; a surface parting layer on the elastic layer, the surface parting layer having a surface resistance of not less than 10.sup.10 ohm; wherein the elastic layer has a volume resistivity of not more than 10.sup.7 ohm.cm.
摘要:
An image fixing apparatus for fixing a toner image on a recording material includes a pair of rotatable members for forming a nip through which the recording material is passed; and bias voltage applying source for applying a bias voltage to at least one of the rotatable members, wherein the bias voltage is automatically changed in accordance with change of an ambient condition.
摘要:
An inertial sensor includes a sensing portion having a weight supported by beams, the weight being a movable portion, and a weight stopper that limits a movable range of the weight, the weight stopper being arranged in a vicinity of the weight with a given clearance and being a part of a substrate for the inertial sensor processed with MEMS techniques.
摘要:
There is provided an input apparatus for game systems, which are simplified in construction. The input apparatus has a base (21) having a plurality of panel-attaching sections (26), a plurality of foot panels (50) arranged respectively at a plurality of panel-attaching sections (26), and tape switches (30) not only arranged between a panel supporting surface (27a) formed on each of a plurality of panel-attaching sections (26) and each of the foot panels but also outputting a predetermined detection signal responsively to changes in pushing load onto each foot panel (50). The tape switch (30) has a sensing element (31) and an elastic-material-made coating member (32) covering the sensing element (31) and functioning as a medium transmitting a load applied to each foot panel 50 to the sensing element (31). The coating element (32) supports the foot panel (50) by contacting with each foot panel (50). Ribs (32a, 32b) are formed on the coating member (32), so that a load is intensively transmitted to a desired position on the sensing element (31).
摘要:
A contact type image sensor, which includes a transparent member which can contact an original to be read, a light source for radiating light onto the original via the transparent member, a sensor for receiving light reflected by the original, an imaging element for imaging the reflected light on a light-receiving portion of the sensor, and a support unit for supporting the sensor, the imaging element, the transparent member, and the light source. The imaging element and the light source are supported by the transparent member and the support unit.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing a packaging bag includes steps of: preparing a sheet of rectangular film material; forming a bag body from the sheet of the rectangular film material; preparing a shaping member; preparing and attaching a fastener; forming a vertical sealing portion; forming the bottom surface portion so as to include a lower end seal portion; a triangular folded portion; and a flat surface folding portion; and forming the lower sealing portion so as to include a central sealing portion; and a side sealing portion.
摘要:
The objective of the present invention is to provide a mahjong game which determines winning or losing in a short time. The mahjong game machine according to the present invention has a display to show a plurality of mahjong tiles, the plurality of mahjong tiles shown on the display may be arbitrarily selected, the selected mahjong tiles are exchanged to complete a meld, and a plurality of mahjong tiles may be exchanged in one turn. Also, the mahjong game machine according to the present invention has a display to show a plurality of mahjong tiles. In the mahjong game machine, mahjong tiles may be arbitrarily selected from the plurality of mahjong tiles displayed on the display screen, the selected mahjong tiles are exchanged to complete a meld, and the display is a widescreen.
摘要:
An acceleration sensor that suppresses fluctuations in the offset voltage and with an enhanced temperature characteristic is provided. The acceleration sensor comprises an weight that is formed in the center of a semiconductor substrate; a frame that is formed at the circumference of the weight; a beam or diaphragm that connects the weight and frame; a detection element that is formed on the beam or diaphragm and which detects bending of the beam or diaphragm that corresponds with the applied acceleration; and a lead that is formed on the beam or diaphragm and which guides the detection output of the detection element to a pad that is provided on the frame, wherein a dummy lead comprising a plurality of dot patterns which are at least electrically independent of the lead formed on the beam or diaphragm is formed on the beam or diaphragm.
摘要:
An acceleration sensor with reduced noise that resolves the problem of stress arising from a difference in thermal expansion coefficients is provided. The acceleration sensor detects acceleration in three-axis directions in a three-dimensional coordinate system, and includes a frame having four sides that is integrally formed by a semiconductor substrate; a weight portion that is positioned within the frame; and four beam portions, corresponding with each of the four sides, one end of which is connected to the weight portion to support the weight portion and the other end of which is connected to the center of the corresponding side of the four sides, wherein a detection element that detects flexure of the beam portions that corresponds to the acceleration acting on the weight portion is formed on each of the four beam portions; a pair of joint portions that are formed with a gap there between are formed on each of the four sides of the frame; and the gap between the pair of joint portions formed on one side has a predetermined length with the center of the one side as the point of symmetry.