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    Battery state estimation using electrode transient model
    1.
    发明授权
    Battery state estimation using electrode transient model 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10950903B2

    公开(公告)日：2021-03-16

    申请号：US16213159

    申请日：2018-12-07

    Applicant: GM Global Technology Operations LLC

    Inventor： Charles W. Wampler, II ,  Daniel R. Baker

    IPC: H02J7/00 ,  H01M10/48 ,  H01M10/42 ,  H01M10/0525 ,  H01M10/44 ,  B60L58/12

    Abstract: An electrical system includes a battery pack, sensors, and a controller. The sensors configured output measured state signals indicative of an actual state of the battery back, including a respective actual voltage, current, and temperature of each of the multiple battery cells. The controller executes a method to generate, responsive to the measured state signals, an estimated state of the multiple battery cells using a respective open-circuit voltage and low-frequency transient voltage of each of the multiple battery cells. The controller estimates the low-frequency transient voltages using a porous electrode transient (PET) model as part of a model set, the PET model having open-circuit voltage elements representing uneven charge distribution within a cell electrode. State of charge (SOC) of the battery pack is estimated using the estimated voltages. An operating state of the electrical system is controlled in real-time responsive to the estimated SOC.

    Method and apparatus for evaluating battery cells containing materials that exhibit voltage hysteresis
    2.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for evaluating battery cells containing materials that exhibit voltage hysteresis 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10901042B2

    公开(公告)日：2021-01-26

    申请号：US15934161

    申请日：2018-03-23

    Applicant: GM Global Technology Operations LLC

    Inventor： Mark W. Verbrugge ,  Daniel R. Baker ,  Xingcheng Xiao

    IPC: H02J7/00 ,  G01R31/3835 ,  H02J7/14 ,  G01R31/367

    Abstract: A method for determining a state of charge (SOC) of a rechargeable battery cell includes determining a rate-invariant charge/discharge relationship between an open-circuit voltage (OCV) and a state of charge (SOC). This includes a first finite-rate voltage scan following a reduction branch of a relationship between OCV and the SOC, and executing a second finite-rate voltage scan following an oxidation branch of a relationship between OCV and the SOC. A rate-dependent charge/discharge relationship between the OCV and the SOC is determined during scanned voltage transitions between the reduction and oxidation branches. A present SOC state is determined based upon an electrical potential, the rate-invariant charge/discharge relationship between the OCV and the SOC, and the rate-dependent charge/discharge relationship between the OCV and the SOC during a voltage-scan reversal that occurs when the scanned voltage transitions between the reduction and oxidation branches.

    MINIMIZING LITHIUM PLATING IN A LITHIUM ION BATTERY
    3.
    发明申请
    MINIMIZING LITHIUM PLATING IN A LITHIUM ION BATTERY 审中-公开

    公开(公告)号：US20180316195A1

    公开(公告)日：2018-11-01

    申请号：US15581296

    申请日：2017-04-28

    Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

    Inventor： Mark W. Verbrugge ,  Brian J. Koch ,  Daniel R. Baker

    IPC: H02J7/00 ,  H01M10/0525 ,  H01M10/44 ,  H01M4/505 ,  H01M4/587 ,  H01M4/525

    Abstract: During the charging of lithium-ion batteries, comprising graphite anode particles, the goal is to intercalate lithium into the anode materials as LiC6. But it is possible to conduct the charging process at a rate that lithium is undesirably plated, undetected, as lithium metal on the particles of graphite. During an open-circuit period of battery operation, immediately following such a charging period, the presence of lithium plating can be detected, using a computer-based monitoring system, by continually measuring the cell potential (Vcell) over a brief period of open-circuit time and then determining dVcell/dt (mV/s) over a like period of time. It is found that the presence of a discontinuity in the derivative curve (a local maximum) reliably correlates with plated lithium on the graphite particles of the anode.

    METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EVALUATING BATTERY CELLS CONTAINING MATERIALS THAT EXHIBIT VOLTAGE HYSTERESIS
    5.
    发明申请
    METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EVALUATING BATTERY CELLS CONTAINING MATERIALS THAT EXHIBIT VOLTAGE HYSTERESIS 审中-公开

    公开(公告)号：US20180306865A1

    公开(公告)日：2018-10-25

    申请号：US15934161

    申请日：2018-03-23

    Applicant: GM Global Technology Operations LLC

    Inventor： Mark W. Verbrugge ,  Daniel R. Baker ,  Xingcheng Xiao

    IPC: G01R31/36 ,  H02J7/00 ,  H02J7/14

    CPC classification number: G01R31/362 ,  H02J7/0021 ,  H02J7/1446

    Abstract: A method for determining a state of charge (SOC) of a rechargeable battery cell includes determining a rate-invariant charge/discharge relationship between an open-circuit voltage (OCV) and a state of charge (SOC). This includes a first finite-rate voltage scan following a reduction branch of a relationship between OCV and the SOC, and executing a second finite-rate voltage scan following an oxidation branch of a relationship between OCV and the SOC. A rate-dependent charge/discharge relationship between the OCV and the SOC is determined during scanned voltage transitions between the reduction and oxidation branches. A present SOC state is determined based upon an electrical potential, the rate-invariant charge/discharge relationship between the OCV and the SOC, and the rate-dependent charge/discharge relationship between the OCV and the SOC during a voltage-scan reversal that occurs when the scanned voltage transitions between the reduction and oxidation branches.

    BATTERY STATE ESTIMATION USING ELECTRODE TRANSIENT MODEL
    7.
    发明申请
    BATTERY STATE ESTIMATION USING ELECTRODE TRANSIENT MODEL 审中-公开

    公开(公告)号：US20200185792A1

    公开(公告)日：2020-06-11

    申请号：US16213159

    申请日：2018-12-07

    Applicant: GM Global Technology Operations LLC

    Inventor： Charles W. Wampler, II ,  Daniel R. Baker

    IPC: H01M10/48 ,  H01M10/42 ,  H01M10/0525 ,  H01M10/44 ,  H02J7/00

    Abstract: An electrical system includes a battery pack, sensors, and a controller. The sensors configured output measured state signals indicative of an actual state of the battery back, including a respective actual voltage, current, and temperature of each of the multiple battery cells. The controller executes a method to generate, responsive to the measured state signals, an estimated state of the multiple battery cells using a respective open-circuit voltage and low-frequency transient voltage of each of the multiple battery cells. The controller estimates the low-frequency transient voltages using a porous electrode transient (PET) model as part of a model set, the PET model having open-circuit voltage elements representing uneven charge distribution within a cell electrode. State of charge (SOC) of the battery pack is estimated using the estimated voltages. An operating state of the electrical system is controlled in real-time responsive to the estimated SOC.

    STATE OF CHARGE ESTIMATOR AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME
    8.
    发明申请
    STATE OF CHARGE ESTIMATOR AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME 审中-公开
    电荷估算器的状态及其制造和使用方法

    公开(公告)号：US20150301116A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-10-22

    申请号：US14257572

    申请日：2014-04-21

    Applicant: GM Global Technology Operations LLC

    Inventor： Daniel R. Baker ,  Mark W. Verbrugge ,  Patrick Frost ,  Brian J. Koch ,  Charles W. Wampler, II ,  Patricia M. Laskowsky

    IPC: G01R31/36

    CPC classification number: G01R31/3662 ,  G01R31/362 ,  G01R31/3651

    Abstract: A number of variations include a method, which may include using at least a segment of voltage-based Battery State Estimation data, and using real-time linear regression, which may be a method of estimating future behavior of a system based on current and previous data points, to provide a robust and fast-adapting impedance response approximator. Linear regression may be performed by forming an RC circuit which is “equivalent” to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data and processing the runtime values of that RC circuit using any number of known real-time linear regression algorithms including, but not limited, to a weighted recursive least squares (WRLS), Kalman filter or other means.

    Abstract translation: 许多变型包括一种方法，其可以包括使用基于电压的电池状态估计数据的至少一部分，并且使用实时线性回归，其可以是基于当前和前一个估计系统的未来行为的方法 数据点，以提供鲁棒且快速适应的阻抗响应近似器。 可以通过形成与电化学阻抗光谱数据“等效”的RC电路并使用任何数量的已知的实时线性回归算法处理该RC电路的运行时间值来执行线性回归，包括但不限于加权递归 最小二乘法（WRLS），卡尔曼滤波器或其他方法。

    Battery state estimation control logic and architectures for electric storage systems
    9.
    发明授权
    Battery state estimation control logic and architectures for electric storage systems 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10418622B2

    公开(公告)日：2019-09-17

    申请号：US15794049

    申请日：2017-10-26

    Applicant: GM Global Technology Operations LLC

    Inventor： Brian J. Koch ,  Charles W. Wampler ,  Mark W. Verbrugge ,  Daniel R. Baker

    IPC: H02J7/00 ,  B60L11/00 ,  H01M4/13 ,  H01M2/00 ,  H01M10/00 ,  B60L11/18 ,  H01M2/10 ,  H01M10/42 ,  H01M10/44 ,  H01M10/48

    Abstract: Disclosed are battery management systems with control logic for battery state estimation (BSE), methods for making/using/assembling a battery cell with a reference electrode, and electric drive vehicles equipped with a traction battery pack and BSE capabilities. In an example, a battery cell assembly includes a battery housing with an electrolyte composition stored within the battery housing. The electrolyte composition transports ions between working electrodes. A first working (anode) electrode is attached to the battery housing in electrochemical contact with the electrolyte composition. Likewise, a second working (cathode) electrode is attached to the battery housing in electrochemical contact with the electrolyte composition. A reference electrode is interposed between the first and second working electrodes, placed in electrochemical contact with the electrolyte composition. The reference electrode and one or both working electrodes cooperate to output a half-cell voltage signal that is indicative of a battery state of the battery cell assembly.

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