摘要:
A single-mode grating-outcoupled surface emitting (GSE) semiconductor laser architecture is provided. This architecture enables high speed modulation of the GSE laser, which is accomplished by only varying the relative phase of counter propagating waves in the outcoupler grating region of the lasing cavity.
摘要:
An improved grating-outcoupled surface-emitting semiconductor laser architecture is provided. A second-order grating is placed between two distributed Bragg reflector gratings. The period of the second order grating is positively or negatively detuned from the distributed Bragg reflector selected optical wavelength at which the laser operates. Detuning of the second-order grating towards shorter or longer wavelengths allows kink-free, linear LI curves light output versus forward current) for grating-outcoupled surface-emitting lasers. Due to the detuning of the outcoupler grating, the outcoupled radiation emits two beams that deviate slightly from the normal axis. A design point may then be chosen where the power coutcoupled by symmetric and antisymmetric modes cross and where the outcoupled power is independent of the phase variation.
摘要:
The disclosure relates to an apparatus for segregating particles on the basis of their ability to flow through a stepped passageway. At least some of the particles are accommodated in a passage bounded by a first step, but at least some of the particles are unable to pass through a narrower passage bounded by a second step, resulting in segregation of the particles. The apparatus and methods described herein can be used to segregate particles of a wide variety of types. By way of example, they can be used to segregate fetal-like cells from a maternal blood sample such as maternal arterial blood.
摘要:
A surface emitting semiconductor laser system having four cavities that couple light from a single aperture. Each of the four cavities overlaps at the outcoupling aperture. Each cavity is fabricated to resonate at a different central wavelength, outputting a different frequency of light, each of which can be independently modulated.
摘要:
Improved transition state analog inhibitors of ricin toxin-A are provided. Methods of using those inhibitors to inhibit ricin toxin-A and to prevent the toxic effects of rich toxin-A in a mammal are also provided.
摘要:
A pulley apparatus (27) is disclosed which is adapted for use with a double hung wind. (10). The apparatus is used in pairs which are mounted in a recess (30) formed in the head (20) of the double hunt window. A pair of sash cords (25) are routed through the apparatuses and are attached to each sash so as to counterbalance one to the other, without the use of springs or extra weights.
摘要:
A system and method for displaying a three-dimensional image of airspace includes a series of translucent, horizontal “pavers” that lie like stepping stones marking the selected flight path. In addition, the display includes a series of vertical rectangles—called “wickets”—which bracket the selected flight path. One or more of the wickets may include a graphical representation of the direction of the aircraft should be flying through the wicket. The system accommodates changes in course by generating a new flight path when instructed to do so. The new flight path is created in a way that assures continuous guidance for the pilot and sufficient time for the pilot to adjust to the new course. The display can include a compass rose which indicates the aircraft's present heading and direction of flight. The compass rose is generated from data representing a traditional two-dimensional view of a compass rose that is rotated using a graphics processor to show a three dimensional view of the compass rose in a plane that appears nearly horizontal in the three dimensional airspace image. In addition various landmarks such as airports and navigation beacons, as well as geopolitical boundaries may be included in the display.
摘要:
Laser diodes are formed with an outcoupling grating between two separate distributed Bragg reflectors. The devices have gain regions located between the reflector gratings for pumping the active region. The outcoupling grating couples light out of the waveguide normal to the surface if the grating spacings are equal to an integer number of wavelengths of the light within the cavity. If the gratings are not such an integer number, the light is coupled out of the cavity off the normal.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of compounds of general formula (I) which are inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylases (PNP), purine phosphoribosyltransferases (PPRT), 5′-methylthioadenosine phosphorylases (MTAP), 5′-methylthioadenosine nucleosidases (MTAN) and/or nucleoside hydrolases (NH).The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of compounds of general formula (I) which are inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylases (PNP), purine phosphoribosyltransferases (PPRT), 5′-methylthioadenosine phosphorylases (MTAP), 5′-methylthioadenosine nucleosidases (MTAN) and/or nucleoside hydrolases (NH).
摘要:
A surface emitting semiconductor laser system having an outcoupling aperture on a central waveguide. At either end of the central waveguide are means for reflecting a plurality of different wavelengths of light such that multiple wavelengths are outcoupled through a single outcoupling aperture. Means are provided by which the different wavelengths can be independently modulated.