公开(公告)号：US20140061469A1

公开(公告)日：2014-03-06

申请号：US13933557

申请日：2013-07-02

申请人： Harold Y. Hwang ,  Mengkun Liu ,  Richard D. Averitt ,  Keith A. Nelson ,  Aaron Sternbach ,  Kebin Fan

发明人： Harold Y. Hwang ,  Mengkun Liu ,  Richard D. Averitt ,  Keith A. Nelson ,  Aaron Sternbach ,  Kebin Fan

IPC分类号： G01J5/28

CPC分类号： G01J5/28 ,  G01J5/20 ,  G01J2005/0077 ,  G01J2005/202 ,  G01J2005/283 ,  G01J2005/286 ,  H01L27/14636 ,  H01L27/1464 ,  H01L27/14669 ,  H01L31/09

摘要： An apparatus for detecting electromagnetic radiation within a target frequency range is provided. The apparatus includes a substrate and one or more resonator structures disposed on the substrate. The substrate can be a dielectric or semiconductor material. Each of the one or more resonator structures has at least one dimension that is less than the wavelength of target electromagnetic radiation within the target frequency range, and each of the resonator structures includes at least two conductive structures separated by a spacing. Charge carriers are induced in the substrate near the spacing when the resonator structures are exposed to the target electromagnetic radiation. A measure of the change in conductivity of the substrate due to the induced charge carriers provides an indication of the presence of the target electromagnetic radiation.

摘要翻译： 提供一种用于检测目标频率范围内的电磁辐射的装置。 该装置包括衬底和设置在衬底上的一个或多个谐振器结构。 衬底可以是电介质或半导体材料。 一个或多个谐振器结构中的每一个具有小于目标频率范围内的目标电磁辐射的波长的至少一个维度，并且每个谐振器结构都包括由间隔隔开的至少两个导电结构。 当谐振器结构暴露于目标电磁辐射时，电荷载流子在衬底附近被感应。 由于感应的电荷载体导致的衬底的电导率变化的测量提供了目标电磁辐射的存在的指示。

公开(公告)号：US09000376B2

公开(公告)日：2015-04-07

申请号：US13933557

申请日：2013-07-02

申请人： Harold Y. Hwang ,  Mengkun Liu ,  Richard D. Averitt ,  Keith A. Nelson ,  Aaron Sternbach ,  Kebin Fan

发明人： Harold Y. Hwang ,  Mengkun Liu ,  Richard D. Averitt ,  Keith A. Nelson ,  Aaron Sternbach ,  Kebin Fan

IPC分类号： G01J5/02 ,  G01J5/28 ,  G01J5/20 ,  H01L31/09

CPC分类号： G01J5/28 ,  G01J5/20 ,  G01J2005/0077 ,  G01J2005/202 ,  G01J2005/283 ,  G01J2005/286 ,  H01L27/14636 ,  H01L27/1464 ,  H01L27/14669 ,  H01L31/09

摘要： An apparatus for detecting electromagnetic radiation within a target frequency range is provided. The apparatus includes a substrate and one or more resonator structures disposed on the substrate. The substrate can be a dielectric or semiconductor material. Each of the one or more resonator structures has at least one dimension that is less than the wavelength of target electromagnetic radiation within the target frequency range, and each of the resonator structures includes at least two conductive structures separated by a spacing. Charge carriers are induced in the substrate near the spacing when the resonator structures are exposed to the target electromagnetic radiation. A measure of the change in conductivity of the substrate due to the induced charge carriers provides an indication of the presence of the target electromagnetic radiation.

摘要翻译： 提供一种用于检测目标频率范围内的电磁辐射的装置。 该装置包括衬底和设置在衬底上的一个或多个谐振器结构。 衬底可以是电介质或半导体材料。 一个或多个谐振器结构中的每一个具有小于目标频率范围内的目标电磁辐射的波长的至少一个维度，并且每个谐振器结构都包括由间隔隔开的至少两个导电结构。 当谐振器结构暴露于目标电磁辐射时，电荷载流子在衬底附近被感应。 由于感应的电荷载体导致的衬底的电导率变化的测量提供了目标电磁辐射的存在的指示。

公开(公告)号：US06344272B1

公开(公告)日：2002-02-05

申请号：US09038377

申请日：1998-03-11

申请人： Steven J. Oldenburg ,  Richard D. Averitt ,  Nancy J. Halas

发明人： Steven J. Oldenburg ,  Richard D. Averitt ,  Nancy J. Halas

IPC分类号： B32B1502

CPC分类号： G02F1/355 ,  A61K41/0042 ,  B01J13/02 ,  B22F1/0018 ,  B22F1/02 ,  B82Y5/00 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C01P2002/82 ,  C01P2002/84 ,  C01P2004/04 ,  C01P2004/12 ,  C01P2004/32 ,  C01P2004/38 ,  C01P2004/50 ,  C01P2004/54 ,  C01P2004/61 ,  C01P2004/62 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C01P2004/80 ,  C01P2006/22 ,  C01P2006/33 ,  C01P2006/40 ,  C01P2006/60 ,  C08K9/02 ,  C09C1/3054 ,  C09C1/3081 ,  C09C1/309 ,  C09K3/00 ,  G01N21/658 ,  Y10S428/913 ,  Y10S977/777 ,  Y10S977/832 ,  Y10S977/835 ,  Y10T428/2991 ,  Y10T428/2993 ,  Y10T428/2998

摘要： The present invention is for particulate compositions and methods for producing them that can absorb or scatter electromagnetic radiation. The particles are homogeneous in size and are comprised of a nonconducting inner layer that is surrounded by an electrically conducting material. The ratio of the thickness of the nonconducting layer to the thickness of the outer conducting shell is determinative of the wavelength of maximum absorbance or scattering of the particle. Unique solution phase methods for synthesizing the particles involve linking clusters of the conducting atoms, ions, or molecules to the nonconducting inner layer by linear molecules. This step can be followed by growth of the metal onto the clusters to form a coherent conducting shell that encapsulates the core.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及能够吸收或散射电磁辐射的微粒组合物及其制造方法。 颗粒的尺寸是均匀的，并且由导电材料包围的不导电内层组成。 不导电层的厚度与外导电壳的厚度的比值决定了颗粒的最大吸收或散射的波长。 用于合成颗粒的独特溶液相方法包括通过线性分子将导电原子，离子或分子的簇连接到不导电的内层。 该步骤可以随后将金属生长到簇上以形成封装芯的相干导电壳。

公开(公告)号：US08803637B1

公开(公告)日：2014-08-12

申请号：US12262422

申请日：2008-10-31

申请人： Xomalin Guaiuli Peralta ,  Igal Brener ,  John O'Hara ,  Abul Azad ,  Evgenya Smirnova ,  John D. Williams ,  Richard D. Averitt

发明人： Xomalin Guaiuli Peralta ,  Igal Brener ,  John O'Hara ,  Abul Azad ,  Evgenya Smirnova ,  John D. Williams ,  Richard D. Averitt

IPC分类号： H01P7/10 ,  H01P7/08

CPC分类号： H01P7/082 ,  H01P7/10 ,  H01Q15/0086 ,  H05K1/0236 ,  H05K1/024 ,  H05K1/0393 ,  H05K1/165 ,  H05K3/007 ,  H05K2201/015 ,  H05K2201/0154

摘要： Terahertz metamaterials comprise a periodic array of resonator elements disposed on a dielectric substrate or thin membrane, wherein the resonator elements have a structure that provides a tunable magnetic permeability or a tunable electric permittivity for incident electromagnetic radiation at a frequency greater than about 100 GHz and the periodic array has a lattice constant that is smaller than the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic radiation. Microfabricated metamaterials exhibit lower losses and can be assembled into three-dimensional structures that enable full coupling of incident electromagnetic terahertz radiation in two or three orthogonal directions. Furthermore, polarization sensitive and insensitive metamaterials at terahertz frequencies can enable new devices and applications.

摘要翻译： 太赫兹超材料包括布置在电介质基底或薄膜上的谐振器元件的周期性阵列，其中谐振器元件具有为频率大于约100GHz的入射电磁辐射提供可调磁导率或可调谐电容率的结构， 周期性阵列具有小于入射电磁辐射的波长的晶格常数。 微制造的超材料表现出较低的损耗，并且可以组装成能够在两个或三个正交方向上完全耦合入射电磁太赫兹辐射的三维结构。 此外，极化敏感和不敏感的超材料在太赫兹频率可以实现新的设备和应用。

公开(公告)号：US07371457B2

公开(公告)日：2008-05-13

申请号：US10752181

申请日：2004-01-06

申请人： Steven J. Oldenburg ,  Richard D. Averitt ,  Nancy J. Halas

发明人： Steven J. Oldenburg ,  Richard D. Averitt ,  Nancy J. Halas

IPC分类号： B32B5/16

CPC分类号： G02F1/355 ,  A61K41/0042 ,  B01J13/02 ,  B22F1/0018 ,  B22F1/02 ,  B82Y5/00 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C01P2002/82 ,  C01P2002/84 ,  C01P2004/04 ,  C01P2004/12 ,  C01P2004/32 ,  C01P2004/38 ,  C01P2004/50 ,  C01P2004/54 ,  C01P2004/61 ,  C01P2004/62 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C01P2004/80 ,  C01P2006/22 ,  C01P2006/33 ,  C01P2006/40 ,  C01P2006/60 ,  C08K9/02 ,  C09C1/3054 ,  C09C1/3081 ,  C09C1/309 ,  C09K3/00 ,  G01N21/658 ,  Y10S428/913 ,  Y10S977/777 ,  Y10S977/832 ,  Y10S977/835 ,  Y10T428/2991 ,  Y10T428/2993 ,  Y10T428/2998

摘要： The present invention is for particulate compositions and methods for producing them that can absorb or scatter electromagnetic radiation. The particles are homogeneous in size and are comprised of a nonconducting inner layer that is surrounded by an electrically conducting material. The ratio of the thickness of the nonconducting layer to the thickness of the outer conducting shell is determinative of the wavelength of maximum absorbance or scattering of the particle. Unique solution phase methods for synthesizing the particles involve linking clusters of the conducting atoms, ions, or molecules to the nonconducting inner layer by linear molecules. This step can be followed by growth of the metal onto the clusters to form a coherent conducting shell that encapsulates the core.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及能够吸收或散射电磁辐射的微粒组合物及其制造方法。 颗粒的尺寸是均匀的，并且由导电材料包围的不导电内层组成。 不导电层的厚度与外导电壳的厚度的比值决定了颗粒的最大吸收或散射的波长。 用于合成颗粒的独特溶液相方法包括通过线性分子将导电原子，离子或分子的簇连接到不导电的内层。 该步骤可以随后将金属生长到簇上以形成封装芯的相干导电壳。

公开(公告)号：US06685986B2

公开(公告)日：2004-02-03

申请号：US09755229

申请日：2001-01-05

申请人： Steven J. Oldenburg ,  Richard D. Averitt ,  Nancy J. Halas

发明人： Steven J. Oldenburg ,  Richard D. Averitt ,  Nancy J. Halas

IPC分类号： B05D506

CPC分类号： G02F1/355 ,  A61K41/0042 ,  B01J13/02 ,  B22F1/0018 ,  B22F1/02 ,  B82Y5/00 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C01P2002/82 ,  C01P2002/84 ,  C01P2004/04 ,  C01P2004/12 ,  C01P2004/32 ,  C01P2004/38 ,  C01P2004/50 ,  C01P2004/54 ,  C01P2004/61 ,  C01P2004/62 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C01P2004/80 ,  C01P2006/22 ,  C01P2006/33 ,  C01P2006/40 ,  C01P2006/60 ,  C08K9/02 ,  C09C1/3054 ,  C09C1/3081 ,  C09C1/309 ,  C09K3/00 ,  G01N21/658 ,  Y10S428/913 ,  Y10S977/777 ,  Y10S977/832 ,  Y10S977/835 ,  Y10T428/2991 ,  Y10T428/2993 ,  Y10T428/2998

摘要： The present invention is for particulate compositions and methods for producing them that can absorb or scatter electromagnetic radiation. The particles are homogeneous in size and are comprised of a nonconducting inner layer that is surrounded by an electrically conducting material. The ratio of the thickness of the nonconducting layer to the thickness of the outer conducting shell is determinative of the wavelength of maximum absorbance or scattering of the particle. Unique solution phase methods for synthesizing the particles involve linking clusters of the conducting atoms, ions, or molecules to the nonconducting inner layer by linear molecules. This step can be followed by growth of the metal onto the clusters to form a coherent conducting shell that encapsulates the core.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及能够吸收或散射电磁辐射的微粒组合物及其制造方法。 颗粒的尺寸是均匀的，并且由导电材料包围的不导电内层组成。 不导电层的厚度与外导电壳的厚度的比值决定了颗粒的最大吸收或散射的波长。 用于合成颗粒的独特溶液相方法包括通过线性分子将导电原子，离子或分子的簇连接到不导电的内层。 该步骤可以随后将金属生长到簇上以形成封装芯的相干导电壳。

公开(公告)号：US06645517B2

公开(公告)日：2003-11-11

申请号：US10164269

申请日：2002-06-05

申请人： Jennifer L. West ,  Scott R. Sershen ,  Nancy J. Halas ,  Steven J. Oldenburg ,  Richard D. Averitt

发明人： Jennifer L. West ,  Scott R. Sershen ,  Nancy J. Halas ,  Steven J. Oldenburg ,  Richard D. Averitt

IPC分类号： A61F1300

CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 ,  A61K41/0028 ,  A61K41/0042 ,  A61K47/6903 ,  A61K47/6923 ,  B01J13/02 ,  B22F1/0018 ,  B22F1/02 ,  B82Y5/00 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  C01P2002/82 ,  C01P2002/84 ,  C01P2004/04 ,  C01P2004/12 ,  C01P2004/32 ,  C01P2004/38 ,  C01P2004/50 ,  C01P2004/54 ,  C01P2004/61 ,  C01P2004/62 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C01P2004/80 ,  C01P2006/22 ,  C01P2006/33 ,  C01P2006/40 ,  C01P2006/60 ,  C08K9/02 ,  C09C1/3054 ,  C09C1/3081 ,  C09C1/309 ,  C09K3/00 ,  G01N21/658 ,  G02F1/355 ,  G21K1/10 ,  Y10T428/2991

摘要： A thermally sensitive polymer-particle composite that absorbs electromagnetic radiation, and uses the absorbed energy to trigger the delivery of a chemical is disclosed. Metal nanoshells are nanoparticulate materials that are suitable for use in the present composites and can be made according to a process that includes optically tuning or tailoring their maximum optical absorption to any desired wavelength primarily by altering the ratio of the core diameter to the shell thickness. Preferred nanoshells are selected that strongly absorb light in the near-infrared and thus produce heat. These nanoshells are combined with a temperature-sensitive material to provide an implantable or injectable material for modulated drug delivery via external exposure to near-IR light. This invention provides a means to improve the quality of life for persons requiring multiple injections of a drug, such as diabetes mellitus patients.

公开(公告)号：US06699724B1

公开(公告)日：2004-03-02

申请号：US09616154

申请日：2000-07-14

申请人： Jennifer L. West ,  Nancy J. Halas ,  Steven J. Oldenburg ,  Richard D. Averitt

发明人： Jennifer L. West ,  Nancy J. Halas ,  Steven J. Oldenburg ,  Richard D. Averitt

IPC分类号： G01N33543

CPC分类号： G01N33/587 ,  A61K41/0042 ,  B01J13/02 ,  B22F1/0018 ,  B22F1/02 ,  B82Y5/00 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C01P2002/82 ,  C01P2002/84 ,  C01P2004/04 ,  C01P2004/12 ,  C01P2004/32 ,  C01P2004/38 ,  C01P2004/50 ,  C01P2004/54 ,  C01P2004/61 ,  C01P2004/62 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C01P2004/80 ,  C01P2006/22 ,  C01P2006/33 ,  C01P2006/40 ,  C01P2006/60 ,  C08K9/02 ,  C09C1/3081 ,  C09C1/309 ,  C09K3/00 ,  G01N33/54373 ,  G01N33/588 ,  G02F1/355 ,  Y10T428/2991

摘要： The present invention provides nanoshell particles (“nanoshells”) for use in biosensing applications, along with their manner of making and methods of using the nanoshells for in vitro and in vivo detection of chemical and biological analytes, preferably by surface enhanced Raman light scattering. The preferred particles have a non-conducting core and a metal shell surrounding the core. For given core and shell materials, the ratio of the thickness (i.e., radius) of the core to the thickness of the metal shell is determinative of the wavelength of maximum absorbance of the particle. By controlling the relative core and shell thicknesses, biosensing metal nanoshells are fabricated which absorb light at any desired wavelength across the ultraviolet to infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The surface of the particles are capable of inducing an enhanced SERS signal that is characteristic of an analyte of interest. In certain embodiments a biomolecule is conjugated to the metal shell and the SERS signal of a conformational change or a reaction product is detected.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供用于生物传感应用的纳米壳颗粒（“纳米壳”）及其制备方式以及使用纳米壳体进行体外和体内检测化学和生物分析物的方法，优选通过表面增强的拉曼光散射。 优选的颗粒具有不导电的芯和围绕芯的金属壳。 对于给定的芯和壳材料，芯的厚度（即半径）与金属壳的厚度的比率决定了颗粒的最大吸光度的波长。 通过控制相对的核和壳厚度，制造了生物感应金属纳米壳，其吸收在电磁光谱的紫外至红外范围内的任何所需波长的光。 颗粒的表面能够诱导作为目标分析物特征的增强的SERS信号。 在某些实施方案中，生物分子与金属壳结合，并且检测到构象变化或反应产物的SERS信号。

公开(公告)号：US06428811B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-06

申请号：US09616127

申请日：2000-07-14

申请人： Jennifer L. West ,  Scott R. Sershen ,  Nancy J. Halas ,  Steven J. Oldenburg ,  Richard D. Averitt

发明人： Jennifer L. West ,  Scott R. Sershen ,  Nancy J. Halas ,  Steven J. Oldenburg ,  Richard D. Averitt

IPC分类号： A61K950

CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 ,  A61K41/0028 ,  A61K41/0042 ,  A61K47/6903 ,  A61K47/6923 ,  B01J13/02 ,  B22F1/0018 ,  B22F1/02 ,  B82Y5/00 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  C01P2002/82 ,  C01P2002/84 ,  C01P2004/04 ,  C01P2004/12 ,  C01P2004/32 ,  C01P2004/38 ,  C01P2004/50 ,  C01P2004/54 ,  C01P2004/61 ,  C01P2004/62 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C01P2004/80 ,  C01P2006/22 ,  C01P2006/33 ,  C01P2006/40 ,  C01P2006/60 ,  C08K9/02 ,  C09C1/3054 ,  C09C1/3081 ,  C09C1/309 ,  C09K3/00 ,  G01N21/658 ,  G02F1/355 ,  G21K1/10 ,  Y10T428/2991

摘要： A thermally sensitive polymer-particle composite that absorbs electromagnetic radiation, and uses the absorbed energy to trigger the delivery of a chemical is disclosed. Metal nanoshells are nanoparticulate materials that are suitable for use in the present composites and can be made according to a process that includes optically tuning or tailoring their maximum optical absorption to any desired wavelength primarily by altering the ratio of the core diameter to the shell thickness. Preferred nanoshells are selected that strongly absorb light in the near-infrared and thus produce heat. These nanoshells are combined with a temperature-sensitive material to provide an implantable or injectable material for modulated drug delivery via external exposure to near-IR light. This invention provides a means to improve the quality of life for persons requiring multiple injections of a drug, such as diabetes mellitus patients.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种吸收电磁辐射的热敏聚合物 - 颗粒复合材料，并且使用吸收的能量来触发化学品的传送。 金属纳米壳是适合用于本发明复合材料的纳米颗粒材料，并且可以根据包括光学调谐或调整其对任何所需波长的最大光吸收的方法制备，主要通过改变芯直径与壳厚度的比率。 选择优选的纳米壳，其强吸收近红外光并因此产生热量。 这些纳米壳与温度敏感材料组合，以提供可植入或可注射的材料，用于通过外部暴露于近红外光的调制药物递送。 本发明提供了改善需要多次注射药物（例如糖尿病患者）的人的生活质量的方法。