公开(公告)号：US06813018B2

公开(公告)日：2004-11-02

申请号：US10289633

申请日：2002-11-07

申请人： Isaac Richman

发明人： Isaac Richman

IPC分类号： G01J318

CPC分类号： G01J3/04 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0243 ,  G01J3/2823

摘要： The hyperspectral imager includes a diffraction grating, a collecting reflecting element and a reimaging system. The diffraction grating has an entrance slit formed at an entrance slit location therein. The entrance slit has a long dimension oriented in a y-direction. The entrance slit transmits the radiation from a slice of an incoming scene image. The collecting reflecting element receives the transmitted radiation of the incoming scene image and reflects the transmitted radiation to a diffractive surface of the diffraction grating. Grooves on the diffractive surface are substantially parallel to the y-direction. The reimaging system receives radiation diffracted by the diffractive surface. The reimaging system produces a spectral image of the entrance slit at a focal surface. The spectral image provides a spectrum of radiation propagating through the entrance slit into the hyperspectral imager such that the spectrum of radiation from a first region in the y-direction. can be distinguished from the spectra of radiation from other regions in the y-direction.

摘要翻译： 高光谱成像器包括衍射光栅，收集反射元件和再成像系统。 衍射光栅具有形成在其中的入口狭缝位置处的入口狭缝。 入口狭缝具有沿y方向取向的长尺寸。 入口狭缝从进入的场景图像的切片传送辐射。 收集反射元件接收入射场景图像的透射辐射并将透射的辐射反射到衍射光栅的衍射表面。 衍射面上的凹槽基本上平行于y方向。 该成像系统接收由衍射面衍射的辐射。 该重建成像系统在焦点表面产生入射狭缝的光谱图像。 光谱图像提供通过入射狭缝传播到高光谱成像器中的辐射光谱，使得来自y方向上的第一区域的辐射光谱。 可以与y方向上其他区域的辐射光谱区分开来。

公开(公告)号：US06573505B2

公开(公告)日：2003-06-03

申请号：US09873813

申请日：2001-06-04

申请人： Isaac Richman

发明人： Isaac Richman

IPC分类号： G01J506

CPC分类号： G01J1/02 ,  G01J1/0209 ,  G01J1/0214 ,  G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/0477 ,  G01J1/4228 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0205 ,  G01J3/0259 ,  G01J3/0262 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G01J3/45

摘要： A detector array that eliminates the channel spectrum effect. In one embodiment the detector consists of a charge couple device (CCD) detector having a photoactive layer supported on a wedge-shaped substrate. Incident radiation impinging any of the pixels and passing through the substrate to the wedge-shaped surface thereof is reflected back at an angle away from the pixel from which it passed through. An infrared array and a single element detector each including a wedge-shaped substrate are also disclosed. The detectors do not require costly signal processing equipment and further can be constructed in accordance with well known manufacturing techniques and with little or no additional cost beyond that normally associated with producing such devices.

公开(公告)号：US20050036141A1

公开(公告)日：2005-02-17

申请号：US10945404

申请日：2004-09-20

申请人： Isaac Richman

发明人： Isaac Richman

IPC分类号： G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/04 ,  G01J3/28

CPC分类号： G01J3/04 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0243 ,  G01J3/2823

摘要： Spectral imaging apparatus and methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, a spectral imaging apparatus includes a spectral imaging apparatus includes a diffraction grating having one or more entrance apertures formed therein, a collecting reflecting element for reflecting said incident radiation to a diffractive surface of said diffraction grating, and a reimaging system adapted to provide a spectral image at a focal surface. The collecting reflecting element may include an aspherically-shaped portion, and the entrance apertures may be distributed along a straight or a non-straight axis. Alternately, optical fibres may be disposed in the entrance apertures. The spectral image provides a spectrum of radiation such that a first portion of the spectrum of radiation from a first region can be distinguished from a second portion of the spectrum of radiation from a second region.

摘要翻译： 公开了光谱成像装置和方法。 在一个实施例中，光谱成像设备包括光谱成像设备，其包括具有形成在其中的一个或多个入射孔的衍射光栅，用于将所述入射辐射反射到所述衍射光栅的衍射表面的收集​​反射元件，以及适于 在焦点表面提供光谱图像。 收集反射元件可以包括非球面形状的部分，并且入口孔可以沿直线或非直线轴线分布。 或者，光纤可以设置在入口孔中。 光谱图像提供辐射光谱，使得来自第一区域的辐射光谱的第一部分可以与来自第二区域的辐射光谱的第二部分区分开。

公开(公告)号：US6050292A

公开(公告)日：2000-04-18

申请号：US221221

申请日：1998-12-23

申请人： Isaac Richman ,  James D. Gehris ,  Wesley A. King

发明人： Isaac Richman ,  James D. Gehris ,  Wesley A. King

IPC分类号： F16K31/12 ,  F16K31/126 ,  F16K31/365

CPC分类号： F16K31/365 ,  F16K31/1266 ,  G05D16/0619 ,  G05D16/18 ,  Y10T137/7782 ,  Y10T137/7836

摘要： An absolute pressure regulator valve assembly for controlling the absolute pressure (P.sub.C) of a fluid source. The absolute pressure regulator valve assembly includes a hollow housing having an inlet port and a discharge port. The inlet port is in fluid communication with the fluid source. The discharge port is associated with a valve seat. A bellows assembly is positioned within the housing. The bellows assembly has an open first end and a closed second end. The first end is gas-tight sealed to the housing and is in fluid communication with a means for providing a reference pressure (P.sub.R) within the bellows assembly. A valve closure element is attached to the closed end of the bellows assembly. The valve closure element is positioned relative to the valve seat wherein motion of the bellows assembly provides opening and closure of the discharge port. A force biasing assembly is attached to the housing for imposing a force on the closed end to provide a desired adjustment of the pressure at the inlet port. During operation, when a net force on the closed end in the direction of the valve seat is greater than a net force in an opposite direction caused by a decrease of pressure at the inlet port, the valve closure element moves in a direction towards the valve seat.

摘要翻译： 用于控制流体源的绝对压力（PC）的绝对压力调节阀组件。 绝对压力调节阀组件包括具有入口和排出口的中空壳体。 入口端口与流体源流体连通。 排放口与阀座相连。 波纹管组件位于壳体内。 波纹管组件具有敞开的第一端和封闭的第二端。 第一端气密密封到壳体并与用于在波纹管组件内提供参考压力（PR）的装置流体连通。 阀闭合元件连接到波纹管组件的封闭端。 阀闭合元件相对于阀座定位，其中波纹管组件的运动提供了排出口的打开和关闭。 力偏压组件附接到壳体，以在封闭端部施加力，以提供对入口端口的压力的期望调节。 在操作期间，当封闭端在阀座方向上的净力大于由入口处的压力降低引起的相反方向上的净力时，阀闭合元件沿朝向阀门的方向移动 座位。

公开(公告)号：US07274028B2

公开(公告)日：2007-09-25

申请号：US11182050

申请日：2005-07-14

申请人： Joshua B. Fishkin ,  Isaac Richman

发明人： Joshua B. Fishkin ,  Isaac Richman

IPC分类号： G01J1/58 ,  G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G01N21/6408

摘要： A method spectrally and temporally characterizing the fluorescence and/or phosphorescence of a material includes using a frequency-domain cross-correlation fluorometer-phosphorimeter employing an interferometer. A flux-modulated excitation signal is used to excite the material. An interferometer is used to generate an optical path difference (OPD) between portions of an emission signal produced by the excited material to obtain an optical interference signal. The optical interference signal is detected by a heterodyning detection system to determine phase shift and demodulation of the emission signal relative to the excitation signal. Phase shift and demodulation data are acquired at a series of OPD values generated by the interferometer and at a plurality of light source flux-modulation frequencies at each OPD to spectrally and temporally resolve the emission signal.

摘要翻译： 光谱和时间表征材料的荧光和/或磷光的方法包括使用采用干涉仪的频域互相关荧光计 - 荧光计。 磁通调制激励信号用于激发材料。 使用干涉仪来产生由激发材料产生的发射信号的部分之间的光程差（OPD），以获得光学干涉信号。 光干涉信号由外差检测系统检测，以确定发射信号相对于激发信号的相移和解调。 在由干涉仪产生的一系列OPD值和每个OPD处的多个光源通量调制频率处获取相移和解调数据以光谱和时间上分辨发射信号。

公开(公告)号：US07116418B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-03

申请号：US10945404

申请日：2004-09-20

申请人： Isaac Richman

发明人： Isaac Richman

IPC分类号： G01J3/18

CPC分类号： G01J3/04 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0243 ,  G01J3/2823

摘要： Spectral imaging apparatus and methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, a spectral imaging apparatus includes a spectral imaging apparatus includes a diffraction grating having one or more entrance apertures formed therein, a collecting reflecting element for reflecting said incident radiation to a diffractive surface of said diffraction grating, and a reimaging system adapted to provide a spectral image at a focal surface. The collecting reflecting element may include an aspherically-shaped portion, and the entrance apertures may be distributed along a straight or a non-straight axis. Alternately, optical fibers may be disposed in the entrance apertures. The spectral image provides a spectrum of radiation such that a first portion of the spectrum of radiation from a first region can be distinguished from a second portion of the spectrum of radiation from a second region.

摘要翻译： 公开了光谱成像装置和方法。 在一个实施例中，光谱成像设备包括光谱成像设备，其包括具有形成在其中的一个或多个入射孔的衍射光栅，用于将所述入射辐射反射到所述衍射光栅的衍射表面的收集​​反射元件，以及适于 在焦点表面提供光谱图像。 收集反射元件可以包括非球面形状的部分，并且入口孔可以沿直线或非直线轴线分布。 或者，光纤可以设置在入口孔中。 光谱图像提供辐射光谱，使得来自第一区域的辐射光谱的第一部分可以与来自第二区域的辐射光谱的第二部分区分开。

公开(公告)号：US20070012884A1

公开(公告)日：2007-01-18

申请号：US11182050

申请日：2005-07-14

申请人： Joshua Fishkin ,  Isaac Richman

发明人： Joshua Fishkin ,  Isaac Richman

IPC分类号： G01N21/64

CPC分类号： G01N21/6408

摘要： A method spectrally and temporally characterizing the fluorescence and/or phosphorescence of a material includes using a frequency-domain cross-correlation fluorometer-phosphorimeter employing an interferometer. A flux-modulated excitation signal is used to excite the material. An interferometer is used to generate an optical path difference (OPD) between portions of an emission signal produced by the excited material to obtain an optical interference signal. The optical interference signal is detected by a heterodyning detection system to determine phase shift and demodulation of the emission signal relative to the excitation signal. Phase shift and demodulation data are acquired at a series of OPD values generated by the interferometer and at a plurality of light source flux-modulation frequencies at each OPD to spectrally and temporally resolve the emission signal.

公开(公告)号：US6119055A

公开(公告)日：2000-09-12

申请号：US218227

申请日：1998-12-22

申请人： Isaac Richman

发明人： Isaac Richman

IPC分类号： G08G5/02 ,  G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G08G5/0013 ,  G08G5/0026 ,  G08G5/025

摘要： An imaging apparatus for aiding landing of aircraft in weather conditions obscuring a pilot's view of a runway. The apparatus comprises a plurality of LED assemblies which are disposed along the runway. Each LED assembly includes a plurality of LEDs, a receiver and a plurality of drivers responsive to the receiver for energizing the LEDs. The LEDs of each LED assembly are pulsed on by signals from a transmitter disposed adjacent an end of the runway. The transmitter also sends synchronization signals to a receiver located on board the approaching aircraft. The receiver on the aircraft is coupled to a processor which uses the synchronization signals to determine when the LEDs are energized and when they are not energized. The processor controls a CCD camera mounted on the aircraft so as to obtain an unobstructed view of the approaching runway. The processor controls the CCD camera such that the camera takes images (i.e., frames) while the LEDs are pulsed on and also while the LEDs are off. The frames with the LEDs off are then digitally subtracted from the frames taken while the LEDs were energized to produce enhanced images which are output to a visual display on-board the aircraft and which do not include the objectionable radiant background information. In an alternative embodiment a plurality of independent groups of LED assemblies are controlled in accordance with separate synchronization frequencies. The pilot is instructed which synchronization frequency to select, and only the LED assemblies corresponding to the selected group appear as being continuously illuminated on board the visual display on the aircraft.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在天气条件下帮助飞机着陆的成像设备遮蔽了飞行员对跑道的看法。 该装置包括沿着跑道设置的多个LED组件。 每个LED组件包括多个LED，接收器以及响应于接收器激励LED的多个驱动器。 每个LED组件的LED通过靠近跑道末端的发射器的信号进行脉冲。 发射机还向位于接近飞机上的接收机发送同步信号。 飞机上的接收器被耦合到处理器，该处理器使用同步信号来确定LED何时通电以及何时它们没有通电。 处理器控制安装在飞机上的CCD摄像机，以获得接近跑道的畅通无阻的视野。 处理器控制CCD相机，使得相机在LED被脉冲接通时以及当LED熄灭时拍摄图像（即，帧）。 然后在LED被通电的同时，将LED熄灭的帧数字地减去，以产生增强的图像，该图像被输出到飞机上的视觉显示器，并且不包括令人反感的辐射背景信息。 在替代实施例中，根据单独的同步频率来控制多个独立的LED组件组。 指示飞行员选择哪个同步频率，只有对应于所选组的LED组件才能在飞机上的视觉显示器上持续亮起。

公开(公告)号：US4994991A

公开(公告)日：1991-02-19

申请号：US292456

申请日：1988-12-30

申请人： Isaac Richman

发明人： Isaac Richman

IPC分类号： G01R19/25

CPC分类号： G01R19/25

摘要： Disclosed is an apparatus and method for the measurement of weak signals in an output device, including weak signals in the presence of obscuring noise, by pseudorandom sampling of a repetitive alternating potential waveform and digitally extracting the fundamental hormonic to reconstruct an accurate transfer function for the device being measured.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在输出装置中测量弱信号的装置和方法，包括在存在模糊噪声的情况下的弱信号，通过对重复交替电位波形进行伪随机采样，并且数字提取基本激素以重建用于 被测设备