公开(公告)号：US4811410A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-07

申请号：US111954

申请日：1987-10-23

申请人： Israel Amir ,  William C. Balchunas ,  Frank P. Higgins

发明人： Israel Amir ,  William C. Balchunas ,  Frank P. Higgins

IPC分类号： G06T7/00 ,  G06K9/03

CPC分类号： G06T7/0004 ,  G06T7/60 ,  G06T2207/30141

摘要： Inspection of a surface (14) on a circuit board (10) to detect for defects, such as misinserted leads (18--18) or missing or mis-sized components (20'--20'), is accomplished by directing beams of light (34--34) towards the surface along a first angular direction. The intensity of the light reflected along a second direction from each of a plurality of successive thin strips (40--40) running across the surface (14) is sensed by a linescan camera (36) which moves relative to the circuit board. The output signals produced by the linescan camera, as the linescan camera moves across the circuit board, are processed to obtain image data representative of each of the strips. Only the image data representative of predetermined regions (75--75) within each strip where defects may occur are retained. The retained image data are then analyzed to determine if defects are present.

摘要翻译： 检查电路板（10）上的表面（14）以检测诸如错误插入的引线（18-18）或缺失或错误大小的部件（20'-20'）之类的缺陷是通过引导光束 （34-34）沿着第一角度方向朝向所述表面。 沿着跨越表面（14）的多个连续细条（40-40）中的每一个的第二方向反射的光的强度由相对于电路板移动的线扫描照相机（36）来感测。 由线扫描摄像机产生的输出信号，如线扫描相机移动穿过电路板，被处理以获得表示每个条带的图像数据。 仅保留代表可能发生缺陷的每个条带内的预定区域（75-75）的图像数据。 然后分析保留的图像数据以确定是否存在缺陷。

公开(公告)号：US5434403A

公开(公告)日：1995-07-18

申请号：US216389

申请日：1994-03-23

申请人： Israel Amir ,  Frank P. Higgins ,  John B. Macdonald

发明人： Israel Amir ,  Frank P. Higgins ,  John B. Macdonald

IPC分类号： G06K7/10 ,  G06F7/10

CPC分类号： G06K7/1092 ,  H01L2223/54493

摘要： A bar code (14) on an object (12) is read a distance from the object by a television camera. The output signal of the camera is thresholded to obtain a binary signal indicative of the image information associated with at least one scan line. This binary signal is written into a FIFO storage device (28) at a rate corresponding to the rate at which the camera images the bar code. Once the binary signal is fully written into the FIFO storage device, the binary signal is read from the FIFO at a second, much slower rate for decoding by a bar code decoder (36). In this way, the image of the bar code can be obtained by a television camera which is capable of imaging the bar code at a distance, while the image information can be decoded by a bar code decoder that operates to perform decoding at a rate much slower than the rate at which the camera acquires information.

摘要翻译： 物体（12）上的条形码（14）通过电视摄像机被读取距物体一定距离。 阈值化相机的输出信号以获得指示与至少一条扫描线相关联的图像信息的二进制信号。 该二进制信号以对应于相机对条形码进行成像的速率的速率写入FIFO存储设备（28）。 一旦二进制信号被完全写入FIFO存储设备，二进制信号就从FIFO中以比较慢的速率读取，用于由条形码解码器（36）进行解码。 以这种方式，可以通过能够以一定距离成像条形码的电视摄像机来获得条形码的图像，同时可以通过条码解码器对图像信息进行解码，该条形码解码器以大量的速率进行解码 比相机获取信息的速度慢。

公开(公告)号：US5127061A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-30

申请号：US620873

申请日：1990-12-03

申请人： Israel Amir ,  Frank P. Higgins

发明人： Israel Amir ,  Frank P. Higgins

IPC分类号： B23K31/12 ,  G06K9/00 ,  H04N13/00 ,  H05K13/08

CPC分类号： H04N13/0207 ,  B23K31/12 ,  G06K9/00201 ,  H04N13/0253 ,  H05K13/08 ,  H04N13/0296

摘要： A three-dimensional image of the surface (12) on an object (14) is obtained in real time by a system (10) which includes first and second reflective surfaces (32,38). The first reflective surface successively reflects a separate one of the first and second lines of light (26,28) onto the surface of the object so that each line of light strikes a first strip of area (34) at an acute angle. The second reflective surface reflects the field of view of a linescan camera (40) onto the object's surface so that the camera captures the image of a second strip of area (41) contiguous with the first strip. The first and second reflective surfaces are rapidly rotated in unison by one or more actuators (50,52) such that the object's surface is spanned by the camera each time the surface is spanned by a successive one of the first and second lines of light. A three-dimensional image of each successive second strip imaged by the camera is obtained from a predetermined relationship between the intensity sensed by the camera for that strip when the corresponding first strip is successively illuminated by the first and second lines of light.

摘要翻译： 通过包括第一和第二反射表面（32,38）的系统（10）实时地获得物体（14）上的表面（12）的三维图像。 第一反射表面将第一和第二光线（26,28）中的单独的一个反射到物体的表面上，使得每条光线以锐角撞击第一区域（34）。 第二反射表面将线扫描照相机（40）的视野反射到物体的表面上，使得相机捕获与第一条带相邻的第二条带（41）的图像。 第一和第二反射表面被一个或多个致动器（50,52）一致地快速旋转，使得每当表面被第一和第二光线中的连续的一个跨越时，物体的表面被相机跨越。 当由第一和第二光线连续地照射对应的第一条带时，由相机对于该条带感测的强度之间的预定关系获得由相机成像的每个连续的第二条带的三维图像。

公开(公告)号：US5550583A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-27

申请号：US316745

申请日：1994-10-03

申请人： Israel Amir ,  Frank P. Higgins

发明人： Israel Amir ,  Frank P. Higgins

IPC分类号： G01N21/956 ,  G01R31/309 ,  H04N7/18 ,  H04N17/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/956 ,  G01R31/309 ,  H04N7/183

摘要： Human inspection of an object (12) having a light-reflective areas (20) thereon arrayed in individual arrays (21) is enhanced by first capturing the image of selected portions of the arrays via one or more image capture devices (34). The images are processed to create a single image frame in which like portions of like arrays of light-reflective are uniformly spaced and oriented in a two-dimensional array having large scale regularity. The single image frame is then displayed on a display (48) for observation by a human operator (29). Because the displayed image frame of the light-reflective areas has large scale regularity, the operator bility to detect defects associated with missing or misaligned light-reflective areas will be enhanced.

摘要翻译： 通过经由一个或多个图像捕获装置（34）首先捕获阵列的选定部分的图像，增强了具有阵列在各个阵列（21）中的具有光反射区域（20）的物体（12）的人体检查。 处理图像以创建单个图像帧，其中类似的反射阵列的相同部分被均匀间隔并且以具有大规模规则性的二维阵列定向。 然后，在显示器（48）上显示单个图像帧以供人操作者（29）观察。 由于反射区域的显示图像帧具有大规模的规则性，因此操作者能够检测与缺失或未对准的光反射区域相关的缺陷。

公开(公告)号：US6137116A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-24

申请号：US63795

申请日：1998-04-21

申请人： Israel Amir ,  Kenneth Henry Billingham ,  Dennis J. Fitch ,  Frank P. Higgins ,  Frank Joseph Krainaker ,  John Burnet Macdonald

发明人： Israel Amir ,  Kenneth Henry Billingham ,  Dennis J. Fitch ,  Frank P. Higgins ,  Frank Joseph Krainaker ,  John Burnet Macdonald

IPC分类号： G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/84

CPC分类号： B82Y15/00 ,  G01N21/474 ,  G01N21/84

摘要： An optical probe is positioned between a pair of connectors positioned substantially adjacent to each other so as to read identifying markings on the face or surface of one of the connectors. The optical probe includes a probe head and an illumination device for projecting light substantially parallel to the face of one of the connectors, i.e., a surface being imaged. The illumination device includes a bifurcated fiber optic cable and a pair of prisms positioned so as to illuminate the surface being imaged from opposite directions. A spectral image representative of light scattered by laser etchings on the surface, or light reflected or absorbed by other markings on the surface is projected by a cylindrical mirror through the path of the light from the illumination device to a camera. The camera displays the image of the surface being imaged on a monitor. The probe head is substantially flat and thin so as to fit between the connectors without damaging the connectors. The probe head is also electrically non-conductive so that it can be used while an electronic system utilizing the connectors is operating.

摘要翻译： 光学探针位于一对基本上彼此相邻的连接器之间，以便读取连接器之一的表面上的识别标记。 光学探针包括探针头和照明装置，用于投影基本上平行于一个连接器的表面的光，即被成像的表面。 照明装置包括分叉的光纤电缆和一对棱镜，其被定位成照射从相反方向成像的表面。 表示通过表面上的激光蚀刻散射的光的光谱图像，或者由表面上的其他标记反射或被其吸收的光被圆柱形反射镜投影通过从照明装置到相机的光的路径。 相机将显示正在成像的表面的图像显示在监视器上。 探针头基本上平坦且薄，以便适配在连接器之间而不损坏连接器。 探针头也是非导电的，因此当使用连接器的电子系统工作时可以使用它。

公开(公告)号：US4929845A

公开(公告)日：1990-05-29

申请号：US316004

申请日：1989-02-27

申请人： Israel Amir ,  Frank P. Higgins

发明人： Israel Amir ,  Frank P. Higgins

IPC分类号： H05K13/08 ,  G01N21/88 ,  G01N21/93 ,  G01N21/956

CPC分类号： G01N21/88 ,  G01N2021/8887 ,  G01N21/956

摘要： Inspection of a circuit board (10) to detect missing and misaligned active and passive surface-mounted components (12) and (14), respectively, is accomplished by first illuminating the board with top light to enhance the image of the passive components. The circuit board is then displaced, relative to a linescan camera (28) trained on the board, so that the camera captures the image of successive strips of surface area running across the board perpendicular to its direction of movement. The images captured by the camera (28) are stored and thereafter processed by an image-processing system (33) to determine whether any passive component is missing or misaligned. The circuit board is then illuminated with side light to enhance the image of the active components. The circuit board is again displaced relative to the linescan camera so the camera captures the image of successive strips of surface area on the board. The captured images are stored and then processed by the image-processing system to detect whether any of the active surface-mounted components are missing or misaligned.

公开(公告)号：US20090027170A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-29

申请号：US11881631

申请日：2007-07-27

申请人： Israel Amir

发明人： Israel Amir

IPC分类号： H04B7/00

CPC分类号： G01S13/825 ,  G01S13/87

摘要： An RFID system with a plurality of tags and base stations where transmission of information to a specific tag is carried out by one of the base stations, where said one of the base stations is selected based on location of the tag relative to the plurality of the base stations; illustratively, by the base stations that is closest to the tag.

摘要翻译： 具有多个标签和基站的RFID系统，其中信息到特定标签的传输由基站之一执行，其中基于标签相对于多个基站的位置来选择所述一个基站 基站; 示例性地，由最接近标签的基站。

公开(公告)号：US06601007B1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-29

申请号：US09607837

申请日：2000-06-30

申请人： Israel Amir ,  Frank Patrick Higgins ,  Eric Sweetman

发明人： Israel Amir ,  Frank Patrick Higgins ,  Eric Sweetman

IPC分类号： G06F1900

CPC分类号： H05K1/0216 ,  H05K1/14 ,  H05K2201/044

摘要： A circuit board, for use with a high speed backplane, includes transmitter and receiver with circuitry for correcting for multipath signal errors. A training sequence that is often a pseudo-random signal is transmitted by the transmitter on a first circuit board to a receiver located on a second circuit board. The receiver on the second circuit board includes an analog-to-digital signal converter, an equalizer, and a binary digital-to-analog reconverter for receiving the training sequence. The equalizer preferably comprises a series of connected registers having taps in between, a plurality of individual weighting means attached to each of the taps, and a summing means connected to the weighting means. A training sequence is transmitted from the first circuit board to the receiver on the second circuit board, enabling the receiver to adaptively determine a set of weighting means coefficients for correcting the multipath errors in subsequent signals. Coefficients for the weighting means are then adjusted from the output of the summing means. The method and system described can substantially reduce the cost of backplane fabrication and enhance the performance of the overall system.

摘要翻译： 用于高速背板的电路板包括具有用于校正多路径信号错误的电路的发射器和接收器。 通常是伪随机信号的训练序列由第一电路板上的发射机发射到位于第二电路板上的接收机。 第二电路板上的接收器包括用于接收训练序列的模拟 - 数字信号转换器，均衡器和二进制数模转换器。 均衡器优选地包括一系列连接的寄存器，其间具有抽头，附接到每个抽头的多个单独的加权装置以及连接到加权装置的求和装置。 训练序列从第一电路板传送到第二电路板上的接收器，使得接收机能够自适应地确定用于校正后续信号中的多路径误差的一组加权装置系数。 然后从加法装置的输出调整加权装置的系数。 所描述的方法和系统可以大大降低背板制造的成本并提高整个系统的性能。

公开(公告)号：US4982139A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-01

申请号：US332315

申请日：1989-04-03

申请人： Israel Amir ,  Richard S. Armington ,  Barry Weissman

发明人： Israel Amir ,  Richard S. Armington ,  Barry Weissman

IPC分类号： H05B39/04

CPC分类号： H05B39/042 ,  Y02B20/14

摘要： The present invention is directed to an illumination source (10) for illuminating an object (11) with light (16) of substantially constant intensity. The illumination source includes an electric light bulb (12) which is supplied with voltage from an adjustable- voltage power supply (14). The voltage supplied by the power supply (14) varies in accordance with the intensity of the light (16) radiated from the bulb (12), as sensed by a photodiode (24). The photodiode (24) is separated from the bulb by a length of lightguide fiber (26) into which light from the bulb is coupled by a glass rod (28). The fiber (26) and the rod (28) allow the photodiode (24) to be supplied with light from the bulb (12), yet to be thermally insulated therefrom, so as to avoid thermal run-away of the diode.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于以基本上恒定的强度的光（16）照射物体（11）的照明源（10）。 照明源包括从可调节电压电源（14）供应电压的电灯泡（12）。 由电源（14）提供的电压根据由光电二极管（24）感测到的从灯泡（12）辐射的光的强度而变化。 光电二极管（24）通过一定长度的光导纤维（26）与灯泡分离，来自灯泡的光通过玻璃棒（28）联接到该光导纤维中。 纤维（26）和杆（28）允许光电二极管（24）被供应来自灯泡（12）的光，但是要与其隔热，以避免二极管的热散失。

公开(公告)号：US09231699B1

公开(公告)日：2016-01-05

申请号：US13423662

申请日：2012-03-19

申请人： Israel Amir ,  Karuppiah Annamalai

发明人： Israel Amir ,  Karuppiah Annamalai

IPC分类号： H04B10/114

CPC分类号： H04W4/02 ,  G01S5/22 ,  H04B10/1149 ,  H04W4/021 ,  H04W4/80

摘要： Systems for determining a location of a portable device are provided. The system includes stationary infrared (IR) base stations, portable devices and at least one radio frequency (RF) transceiver. At least two of the IR base stations receive timing synchronization information and transmit corresponding IR location codes in a time period based on the received timing synchronization information. Each IR location code is representative of a location of the corresponding IR base station. Each portable device detects the IR location codes and, if one of the IR location codes is detected, transmits an output signal including a portable device ID representative of the portable device and the detected IR location code. The RF transceiver periodically provides, upon a request, the timing synchronization information to the respective IR base stations relative to a unified time of origin.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于确定便携式设备的位置的系统。 该系统包括固定红外（IR）基站，便携式设备和至少一个射频（RF）收发器。 至少两个IR基站接收定时同步信息，并且基于接收的定时同步信息在一段时间内发送对应的IR位置码。 每个IR位置代码代表对应的IR基站的位置。 每个便携式设备检测IR位置代码，并且如果检测到IR位置代码之一，则发送包括表示便携式设备的便携式设备ID和检测到的IR位置代码的输出信号。 RF收发器根据请求周期性地将定时同步信息相对于原始的统一时间提供给相应的IR基站。