摘要:
Value documents or other articles having authentication features, authentication apparatuses, and methods of authentication are provided that relate to the use of taggants that absorb radiation from an illumination source and emit radiation in a manner that has a maximum intensity occurring a duration of time after the illumination source has been switched off. The taggants include a crystalline composition comprising a host crystal lattice doped with a first rare earth active ion, and in some examples a second rare earth active ion.
摘要:
Cascading phosphors are described herein that produce emissions when they are excited by incident radiation. The cascading phosphors can be applied to articles, and can be useful in authenticating the article. The cascading phosphors include a host and at least three active ions.
摘要:
A value document authentication system comprising a value document substrate having a luminescent compound disposed on or in at least a portion of the value document substrate, wherein the luminescent compound (i) comprises a host lattice having at least one metallic ion with magnetic properties and is doped with at least one rare earth ion capable of emitting infrared radiation with at least one distinct infrared wavelength when excited with an exciting light source having sufficient energy to excite emission from the luminescent compound and (ii) has a pre-determined ratio of metallic ions to rare earth ions such that the ratio corresponds to a parameter of a pre-selected decision criteria, both of which properties are measured at the same location on the value document and used to authenticate the value document.
摘要:
The production of light of various wavelengths using IR phosphor down conversion techniques using existing LED emissions to pump sensitizer-rare earth ions that emit at other wavelengths. A sensitizer absorbs an LED chip pump emission and then transfers that energy with high quantum efficiency to dopant ions that then emits at their characteristic wavelength.
摘要:
Spherical particles of fluoride up-converter phosphors having a particle size of 1 micron and less can be made from their corresponding precursor hydroxycarbonate particles by heating the hydroxycarbonate particles in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to convert the hydroxycarbonate to the corresponding oxide but without changing the size and shape of the particles, and then heating the phosphor oxide particles to their corresponding fluoride particles by heating in SF.sub.6, at a temperature that will crack the SF.sub.6 but will not change the size or shape of the phosphor particles.
摘要:
The invention provides methods, compositions, and apparatus for performing sensitive detection of analytes, such as biological macromolecules and other analytes, by labeling a probe molecule with an up-converting label. The up-converting label absorbs radiation from an illumination source and emits radiation at one or more higher frequencies, providing enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and the essential elimination of background sample autofluorescence. The methods, compositions, and apparatus are suitable for the sensitive detection of multiple analytes and for various clinical and environmental sampling techniques.
摘要:
Stable water-in-oil emulsion of water soluble polymers are disclosed. The emulsions are formed by selecting a suitable continuous phase consisting of an inert hydrocarbon liquid followed by selecting suitable surfactants based on the properties of the organic liquid.
摘要:
Water-in-oil emulsions of water soluble vinyl addition polymers of the type comprising from:A. 30 to 95% by weight of the emulsion of an aqueous phase comprising water and monomer;B. 10 to 50% by weight of the emulsion of a water soluble vinyl addition polymer;C. 5 to 70% by weight of the emulsion of a hydrophobic liquid;D. and 0.1 to 21% by weight of the emulsion of a water-in-oil emulsifying agent;Can be rendered more stable to prolong storage by subjecting the emulsion to high shear mixing prior to polymerization.
摘要:
Certain volatile organotin compounds are volatilized in a heated carrier gas stream and brought into contact with a preheated substrate to be coated in an atmosphere containing oxygen. The process is particularly applicable to deposition of tin oxide on glass faceplates of cathode ray tubes.
摘要:
Certain volatile organotin compounds are vaporized in a heated carrier gas stream and brought into contact with a preheated substrate to be coated in an atmosphere containing oxygen. Indium oxide coatings may be doped with tin by vaporizing an organotin compound and an indium chelate of a .beta.-diketone and bringing the vapors in contact with a heated substrate in an oxidizing atmosphere.