公开(公告)号：US6045686A

公开(公告)日：2000-04-04

申请号：US991029

申请日：1997-12-15

申请人： James M. Fenton ,  John E. Dresty, Jr. ,  Richard Bodensteiner ,  Chunzhi He ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman ,  Jung-Chou Lin ,  Antonio J. Aldykiewicz, Jr.

发明人： James M. Fenton ,  John E. Dresty, Jr. ,  Richard Bodensteiner ,  Chunzhi He ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman ,  Jung-Chou Lin ,  Antonio J. Aldykiewicz, Jr.

IPC分类号： C25F5/00 ,  C25F1/04 ,  C25F1/06

CPC分类号： C25F5/00

摘要： A process for the delacquering and detinning of a metal substrate is presented comprising the fully electrochemical removal of both an outer polymeric coating and an inner tin coating from a metal substrate. The disclosed method provides a clean metal substrate, and results in wastes which are easily disposed of with minimal cost and minimal environmental impact. In one embodiment, the present invention comprises a one-stage process for removing an outer polymeric coating and an inner tin coating from a metal substrate in a single electrolyte bath through electrolytic removal of both the polymeric and tin layers from the metal substrate. An electrically conductive container having the electrolyte bath therein acts as an anode in the process, and the removed tin is plated out on the cathode. In another embodiment, the present invention comprises a two-stage process for removing an outer polymeric coating and an inner tin coating from a metal substrate. The first stage comprises removal of the polymeric coating in a first electrolyte bath through application of a cathodic current to a first electrically conductive container, e.g. tank, drum, or the like. The polymeric and tin coated metal substrate that is immersed in the first electrolyte bath is cathodically protected provided the coated metal substrate is in contact with the first electrically conductive container. The second stage comprises removal of the tin coating via application of moderate anodic currents to a second electrically conductive container, e.g. tank, drum, or the like. Such current results in the selective removal of tin from the substrate metal. The second electrically conductive container and the tin cans act as an anode in the process, and the removed tin is plated out on the cathode.

摘要翻译： 提出了用于金属基材的脱胶和鉴定的方法，其包括从金属基材完全电化学去除外聚合物涂层和内锡涂层。 所公开的方法提供清洁的金属基底，并且导致易于处理的废物，其成本最低并且对环境的影响最小。 在一个实施方案中，本发明包括通过从金属基底电解去除聚合物层和锡层从单一电解质浴中从金属基底去除外部聚合物涂层和内部锡涂层的一步法。 其中具有电解质浴的导电容器在该过程中用作阳极，并且将去除的锡电镀在阴极上。 在另一个实施方案中，本发明包括用于从金属基底去除外聚合物涂层和内锡涂层的两阶段方法。 第一阶段包括通过将阴极电流施加到第一导电容器，例如在第一电解液槽中去除聚合物涂层。 罐，鼓等。 浸渍在第一电解液槽中的聚合物和锡涂覆的金属基底是阴极保护的，只要涂覆的金属基底与第一导电容器接触即可。 第二阶段包括通过将适度的阳极电流施加到第二导电容器上，例如去除锡涂层。 罐，鼓等。 这种电流导致锡从衬底金属中的选择性去除。 第二导电容器和锡罐在该过程中用作阳极，并且将去除的锡电镀在阴极上。

公开(公告)号：US06974644B2

公开(公告)日：2005-12-13

申请号：US10774113

申请日：2004-02-06

申请人： Scott C. Blanchet ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman

发明人： Scott C. Blanchet ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman

IPC分类号： H01M8/06 ,  H01M8/04

CPC分类号： H01M8/0625 ,  H01M8/04014 ,  H01M8/0637 ,  Y02E60/566

摘要： A fuel cell system in which a fuel cell assembly having one or more fuel cells is adapted to include one or more direct internal reforming passages and one or more indirect internal reforming passages for reforming a fuel supply. The system is further provided with a coupling assembly for selectively and adjustably controlling the coupling of first and second fuel supply portions to the respective one or more indirect internally reforming passages and the one or more direct internally reforming passages.

摘要翻译： 一种燃料电池系统，其中具有一个或多个燃料电池的燃料电池组件适于包括一个或多个直接内部重整通道和用于重整燃料供应的一个或多个间接内部重整通道。 该系统还设置有联接组件，用于选择性和可调节地控制第一和第二燃料供应部分与相应的一个或多个间接内部重整通道和一个或多个直接内部重整通道的联接。

公开(公告)号：US08822090B2

公开(公告)日：2014-09-02

申请号：US12720328

申请日：2010-03-09

申请人： Zhiwen Ma ,  Mohammad Farooque ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman

发明人： Zhiwen Ma ,  Mohammad Farooque ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman

IPC分类号： H01M8/06 ,  B01J19/24 ,  H01M8/24

CPC分类号： H01M8/0612 ,  B01J19/249 ,  B01J2219/2459 ,  B01J2219/2474 ,  B01J2219/2481 ,  H01M8/0625 ,  H01M8/0637 ,  H01M8/2457 ,  H01M8/2485 ,  Y02E60/50 ,  Y02E60/566

摘要： A fuel cell assembly including a fuel reforming unit for reforming a fuel supply for a series of fuel cells constituting a fuel cell stack. The reformed fuel supply is routed first to the anode of the fuel cell most adjacent the reforming unit, and thereafter to a manifold external to the stack. The manifold intakes that portion of the reformed fuel supply not fully exhausted after passing through the first anode and feeds such reformed fuel to successive fuel cells in series, thus providing staged fuel supply throughout the stack and optimal fuel utilization in producing electricity. The reforming unit includes a series of baffles for directing the reformed fuel supply to the first anode and to the manifold to maximize utilization of fuel consumed by cells in the stack. Also, cooling occurring as a result of the endothermic reaction occurring in the reforming unit is captured and spread optimally throughout the stack to achieve optimal temperature gradients throughout the stack, thus enabling optimal operation of and increased life of the stack.

摘要翻译： 一种燃料电池组件，包括燃料重整单元，用于对构成燃料电池堆的一系列燃料电池的燃料供应进行重整。 重整的燃料供应首先被路由到与重整单元相邻的燃料电池的阳极，然后再排到堆叠外部的歧管。 歧管进入部分经过第一阳极的重整燃料供应部分未完全排出，并将这些重整燃料供给连续的连续燃料电池，从而在整个堆叠中提供分段燃料供应，并且在产生电力时提供最佳的燃料利用。 重整单元包括一系列挡板，用于将重整的燃料供应引导到第一阳极和歧管，以最大化利用堆叠中的电池消耗的燃料。 此外，由于在重整单元中发生的吸热反应的结果发生的冷却被捕获并在整个堆叠中最佳地扩散，以实现整个堆叠中的最佳温度梯度，从而使堆叠的最佳操作和寿命延长。

公开(公告)号：US20110081592A1

公开(公告)日：2011-04-07

申请号：US12996437

申请日：2009-06-05

申请人： Zhiwen Ma ,  Mohammad Farooque ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman ,  Michael Cramer ,  Alan Barlow

发明人： Zhiwen Ma ,  Mohammad Farooque ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman ,  Michael Cramer ,  Alan Barlow

IPC分类号： H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/24

CPC分类号： H01M8/2475 ,  H01M8/04089 ,  H01M8/2465 ,  H01M8/2485 ,  H01M8/249 ,  Y02E60/50

摘要： A modular fuel cell stack assembly comprising a plurality of fuel cell stacks, each of the stacks having a plurality of stack faces and a plurality of stack corners formed between the stack faces, wherein the plurality of stack faces include a cathode inlet face adapted to receive oxidant gas for use in a cathode side of the fuel cell stack, a cathode outlet face adapted to output cathode exhaust from the cathode side, an anode inlet face adapted to receive fuel for use in an anode side of the fuel cell stack and an anode outlet face adapted to output anode exhaust from the anode side, and wherein at least one of the cathode inlet face, cathode outlet face, anode inlet face and anode outlet face is an open face without a manifold, and a containment structure for housing the plurality of fuel cell stacks and for providing fuel and oxidant gas to said fuel cell stacks, the containment structure including at least one sealed chamber for sealingly enclosing and isolating at least one open face. Also provided is a modular fuel cell assembly comprising a plurality of fuel cell stacks, an oxidizer disposed centrally of the fuel cell stacks and adapted to receive anode exhaust from the fuel cell stacks, to generate oxidant gas using the anode exhaust and to distribute the oxidant gas to the fuel cell stacks, and a containment structure for housing the plurality of fuel cell stacks and the oxidizer and adapted to receive fuel and distribute the fuel to the fuel cell stacks.

摘要翻译： 一种模块化燃料电池堆组件，包括多个燃料电池堆，所述堆叠中的每一个具有多个堆叠面和在所述堆叠面之间形成的多个堆叠角，其中所述多个堆叠面包括适于接收的阴极入口面 用于燃料电池堆的阴极侧的氧化剂气体，适于从阴极侧输出阴极排气的阴极出射面，适于接收用于燃料电池堆的阳极侧的燃料的阳极入口面和阳极 出口面适于从阳极侧输出阳极排气，并且其中阴极入口面，阴极出口面，阳极入口面和阳极出口面中的至少一个是没有歧管的敞开面，以及用于容纳多个的容纳结构 的燃料电池堆并且用于向所述燃料电池堆提供燃料和氧化剂气体，所述容纳结构包括至少一个密封室，用于密封地封闭和隔离至少一个开放 面对。 还提供了一种模块化燃料电池组件，其包括多个燃料电池堆，设置在燃料电池堆的中心并适于接收来自燃料电池堆的阳极排气的氧化剂，以使用阳极排气产生氧化剂气体并且分配氧化剂 燃料电池堆的气体，以及用于容纳多个燃料电池堆和氧化剂并且适于接收燃料并将燃料分配到燃料电池堆的容纳结构。

公开(公告)号：US08962210B2

公开(公告)日：2015-02-24

申请号：US12996437

申请日：2009-06-05

申请人： Zhiwen Ma ,  Mohammad Farooque ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman ,  Michael Cramer ,  Alan Barlow

发明人： Zhiwen Ma ,  Mohammad Farooque ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman ,  Michael Cramer ,  Alan Barlow

IPC分类号： H01M8/24 ,  H01M8/04

CPC分类号： H01M8/2475 ,  H01M8/04089 ,  H01M8/2465 ,  H01M8/2485 ,  H01M8/249 ,  Y02E60/50

摘要： A modular fuel cell stack assembly comprising a plurality of fuel cell stacks, each of the stacks having a plurality of stack faces and a plurality of stack corners formed between the stack faces, wherein the plurality of stack faces include a cathode inlet face adapted to receive oxidant gas for use in a cathode side of the fuel cell stack, a cathode outlet face adapted to output cathode exhaust from the cathode side, an anode inlet face adapted to receive fuel for use in an anode side of the fuel cell stack and an anode outlet face adapted to output anode exhaust from the anode side, and wherein at least one of the cathode inlet face, cathode outlet face, anode inlet face and anode outlet face is an open face without a manifold, and a containment structure for housing the plurality of fuel cell stacks and for providing fuel and oxidant gas to said fuel cell stacks, the containment structure including at least one sealed chamber for sealingly enclosing and isolating at least one open face. Also provided is a modular fuel cell assembly comprising a plurality of fuel cell stacks, an oxidizer disposed centrally of the fuel cell stacks and adapted to receive anode exhaust from the fuel cell stacks, to generate oxidant gas using the anode exhaust and to distribute the oxidant gas to the fuel cell stacks, and a containment structure for housing the plurality of fuel cell stacks and the oxidizer and adapted to receive fuel and distribute the fuel to the fuel cell stacks.

摘要翻译： 一种模块化燃料电池堆组件，包括多个燃料电池堆，所述堆叠中的每一个具有多个堆叠面和在所述堆叠面之间形成的多个堆叠角，其中所述多个堆叠面包括适于接收的阴极入口面 用于燃料电池堆的阴极侧的氧化剂气体，适于从阴极侧输出阴极排气的阴极出射面，适于接收用于燃料电池堆的阳极侧的燃料的阳极入口面和阳极 出口面适于从阳极侧输出阳极排气，并且其中阴极入口面，阴极出口面，阳极入口面和阳极出口面中的至少一个是没有歧管的敞开面，以及用于容纳多个的容纳结构 的燃料电池堆并且用于向所述燃料电池堆提供燃料和氧化剂气体，所述容纳结构包括至少一个密封室，用于密封地封闭和隔离至少一个开放 面对。 还提供了一种模块化燃料电池组件，其包括多个燃料电池堆，设置在燃料电池堆的中心并适于接收来自燃料电池堆的阳极排气的氧化剂，以使用阳极排气产生氧化剂气体并且分配氧化剂 燃料电池堆的气体，以及用于容纳多个燃料电池堆和氧化剂并且适于接收燃料并将燃料分配到燃料电池堆的容纳结构。

公开(公告)号：US20100227234A1

公开(公告)日：2010-09-09

申请号：US12720328

申请日：2010-03-09

申请人： Zhiwen Ma ,  Mohammad Farooque ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman

发明人： Zhiwen Ma ,  Mohammad Farooque ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman

IPC分类号： H01M8/06

CPC分类号： H01M8/0612 ,  B01J19/249 ,  B01J2219/2459 ,  B01J2219/2474 ,  B01J2219/2481 ,  H01M8/0625 ,  H01M8/0637 ,  H01M8/2457 ,  H01M8/2485 ,  Y02E60/50 ,  Y02E60/566

摘要： A fuel cell assembly including a fuel reforming unit for reforming a fuel supply for a series of fuel cells constituting a fuel cell stack. The reformed fuel supply is routed first to the anode of the fuel cell most adjacent the reforming unit, and thereafter to a manifold external to the stack. The manifold intakes that portion of the reformed fuel supply not fully exhausted after passing through the first anode and feeds such reformed fuel to successive fuel cells in series, thus providing staged fuel supply throughout the stack and optimal fuel utilization in producing electricity. The reforming unit includes a series of baffles for directing the reformed fuel supply to the first anode and to the manifold to maximize utilization of fuel consumed by cells in the stack. Also, cooling occurring as a result of the endothermic reaction occurring in the reforming unit is captured and spread optimally throughout the stack to achieve optimal temperature gradients throughout the stack, thus enabling optimal operation of and increased life of the stack.

摘要翻译： 一种燃料电池组件，包括燃料重整单元，用于对构成燃料电池堆的一系列燃料电池的燃料供应进行重整。 重整的燃料供应首先被路由到与重整单元相邻的燃料电池的阳极，然后再排到堆叠外部的歧管。 歧管进入部分经过第一阳极的重整燃料供应部分未完全排出，并将这些重整燃料供给连续的连续燃料电池，从而在整个堆叠中提供分段燃料供应，并且在产生电力时提供最佳的燃料利用。 重整单元包括一系列挡板，用于将重整的燃料供应引导到第一阳极和歧管，以最大化利用堆叠中的电池消耗的燃料。 此外，由于在重整单元中发生的吸热反应的结果发生的冷却被捕获并在整个堆叠中最佳地扩散，以实现整个堆叠中的最佳温度梯度，从而使堆叠的最佳操作和寿命延长。

公开(公告)号：US07431746B2

公开(公告)日：2008-10-07

申请号：US11030747

申请日：2004-12-09

申请人： Zhiwen Ma ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman ,  Lawrence J. Novacco

发明人： Zhiwen Ma ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman ,  Lawrence J. Novacco

IPC分类号： B01J8/00 ,  B01J7/00 ,  H01M8/06 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/54

CPC分类号： H01M8/0612 ,  B01J19/249 ,  B01J2219/2453 ,  B01J2219/2458 ,  B01J2219/2466 ,  B01J2219/247 ,  B01J2219/2481 ,  B01J2219/2493 ,  B01J2219/2498 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B2203/0227 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/067 ,  H01M8/04014 ,  Y02E60/324 ,  Y02E60/566

摘要： A fuel reformer having an enclosure with first and second opposing surfaces, a sidewall connecting the first and second opposing surfaces and an inlet port and an outlet port in the sidewall. A plate assembly supporting a catalyst and baffles are also disposed in the enclosure. A main baffle extends into the enclosure from a point of the sidewall between the inlet and outlet ports. The main baffle cooperates with the enclosure and the plate assembly to establish a path for the flow of fuel gas through the reformer from the inlet port to the outlet port. At least a first directing baffle extends in the enclosure from one of the sidewall and the main baffle and cooperates with the plate assembly and the enclosure to alter the gas flow path. Desired graded catalyst loading pattern has been defined for optimized thermal management for the internal reforming high temperature fuel cells so as to achieve high cell performance.

摘要翻译： 一种燃料重整器，具有具有第一和第二相对表面的外壳，连接第一和第二相对表面的侧壁以及侧壁中的入口和出口。 支撑催化剂和挡板的板组件也设置在外壳中。 主挡板从入口和出口之间的侧壁的一点延伸到外壳中。 主挡板与外壳和板组件协同工作，以建立通过重整器的燃料气体从入口到出口的路径。 至少第一导向挡板在外壳中从侧壁和主挡板中的一个延伸，并与板组件和外壳配合以改变气体流动路径。 已经定义了所需的分级催化剂负载模式，用于内部重整高温燃料电池的优化热管理，以实现高电池性能。

公开(公告)号：US20050175869A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-11

申请号：US10774113

申请日：2004-02-06

申请人： Scott Blanchet ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman

发明人： Scott Blanchet ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman

IPC分类号： H01M8/06 ,  H01M8/04

CPC分类号： H01M8/0625 ,  H01M8/04014 ,  H01M8/0637 ,  Y02E60/566

摘要： A fuel cell system in which a fuel cell assembly having one or more fuel cells is adapted to include one or more direct internal reforming passages and one or more indirect internal reforming passages for reforming a fuel supply. The system is further provided with a coupling assembly for selectively and adjustably controlling the coupling of first and second fuel supply portions to the respective one or more indirect internally reforming passages and the one or more direct internally reforming passages.

公开(公告)号：US08911914B2

公开(公告)日：2014-12-16

申请号：US13016519

申请日：2011-01-28

申请人： Joseph P. McInerney ,  Louis F. Ernst, Jr. ,  Mohammad Farooque ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman ,  Eric Hansell ,  Daniela Nedu ,  Keith Davis ,  William Snyder ,  Michael Quatannens

发明人： Joseph P. McInerney ,  Louis F. Ernst, Jr. ,  Mohammad Farooque ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman ,  Eric Hansell ,  Daniela Nedu ,  Keith Davis ,  William Snyder ,  Michael Quatannens

IPC分类号： H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/24

CPC分类号： H01M8/04089 ,  H01M8/04082 ,  H01M8/2415 ,  H01M8/2484 ,  H01M8/2485 ,  Y02E60/50

摘要： A manifold assembly for use with a fuel cell stack for the purpose of ensuring a desired flow distribution to fuel cells within the stack, with the most commonly desired being uniform flow distribution. Said manifold assembly comprising: an external manifold for abutting and sealingly enclosing a face of the fuel cell stack, wherein the manifold comprises an enclosure for one of: providing inlet gas to the fuel cell stack and receiving exhaust gas from said fuel cell stack; and one or more baffles disposed in the enclosure of the external manifold, the one or more baffles one of: (a) controlling gas flow distribution and direction of the inlet gas from the enclosure to fuel cells of the fuel cell stack to achieve a predetermined distribution or a uniform distribution; and (b) controlling gas flow distribution of the exhaust gas flow within the enclosure to achieve the predetermined distribution or the uniform distribution of gas to fuel cells of the fuel cell stack. A multi-stack fuel cell system including a baffling assembly with one or more baffles for providing a predetermined gas flow distribution to each fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system is also described. The baffling assembly is provided at a system level and comprises one or more baffles in an intake assembly and/or in an exhaust assembly of the multi-stack fuel cell system, so that each fuel cell stack receives a predetermined amount of gas.

摘要翻译： 用于燃料电池堆的歧管组件，用于确保对堆叠内的燃料电池的期望的流量分配，最常见的是均匀的流量分布。 所述歧管组件包括：用于邻接和密封地封闭所述燃料电池堆的表面的外部歧管，其中所述歧管包括用于以下之一的外壳：向所述燃料电池堆提供入口气体并接收来自所述燃料电池堆的废气; 以及设置在外部歧管的外壳中的一个或多个挡板，所述一个或多个挡板之一：（a）控制气体流动分布和从外壳到燃料电池堆的燃料电池的入口气体的方向，以实现预定的 分配或统一分配; 以及（b）控制所述外壳内的废气流的气体流量分布，以实现燃料电池堆的燃料电池的气体的预定分布或均匀分布。 还描述了一种多层燃料电池系统，其包括具有一个或多个挡板的挡板组件，用于向燃料电池系统中的每个燃料电池堆提供预定的气体流量分布。 挡板组件设置在系统一级，并且在多层燃料电池系统的进气组件和/或排气组件中包括一个或多个挡板，使得每个燃料电池堆接收预定量的气体。

公开(公告)号：US08202661B2

公开(公告)日：2012-06-19

申请号：US11475475

申请日：2006-06-27

申请人： Joseph Daly ,  William Livingood ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman ,  Mohammad Farooque

发明人： Joseph Daly ,  William Livingood ,  Ramakrishnan Venkataraman ,  Mohammad Farooque

IPC分类号： H01M8/04

CPC分类号： H01M8/04126 ,  H01M8/04619 ,  H01M8/04626 ,  H01M8/04753 ,  H01M8/04776 ,  H01M8/04798 ,  H01M8/04835 ,  H01M8/0637 ,  H01M2008/147 ,  H01M2250/10 ,  Y02B90/14 ,  Y02E60/526 ,  Y02E60/566

摘要： A fuel cell system for receiving input fuel, input water and input oxidant comprising a humidifying assembly for combining the input fuel with input water to produce humidified fuel, a fuel cell having an anode for receiving the humidified fuel and a cathode for receiving the input oxidant, and a power load controller for controlling a power load on the fuel cell system based on a power output set point and changes in the detected load. If the load drops from a high load to a low load and ability to ramp to a high target power output is thereafter restored, the controller is adapted to perform a rapid load recovery procedure by controlling the power output of the fuel cell system to increase from a power output corresponding to the low load to the high target power output corresponding to the high load at a first predetermined rate if all of one or more predetermined conditions are satisfied, and is also adapted to perform a standard load recovery procedure by controlling the power output to increase at a second predetermined rate which is lower than the first predetermined rate, if at least one predetermined condition is not satisfied.

摘要翻译： 一种用于接收输入燃料，输入水和输入氧化剂的燃料电池系统，包括用于将输入燃料与输入水组合以产生加湿燃料的加湿组件，具有用于接收加湿燃料的阳极的燃料电池和用于接收输入氧化剂的阴极 以及功率负载控制器，用于基于功率输出设定点来控制燃料电池系统上的电力负荷并且检测负载的变化。 如果负载从高负载下降到低负载，然后恢复到高目标功率输出的能力，则控制器适于通过控制燃料电池系统的功率输出从 如果满足一个或多个预定条件，则对应于以第一预定速率的高负载对应于高目标功率输出的低负载的功率输出，并且还适于通过控制功率来执行标准负载恢复过程 如果不满足至少一个预定条件，则输出以比第一预定速率低的第二预定速率增加。