公开(公告)号：US09384935B2

公开(公告)日：2016-07-05

申请号：US13369678

申请日：2012-02-09

Applicant: James T. Arnold ,  Steve Bandy ,  Gary Virshup

Inventor： James T. Arnold ,  Steve Bandy ,  Gary Virshup

IPC: H01J1/13 ,  H01J35/06

CPC classification number: H01J35/06 ,  H01J2235/06

Abstract: An apparatus and method comprising a cathode structure which can be a cylindrical filament coiled in a helix or which can be constructed of a ribbon or other suitable shape. The cathode structure can be heated by passage of an electrical current, or by other means such as bombardment with energetic electrons. Selected portions of the surface of the cathode structure have an altered property with respect to the non-selected portions of the surface. In one embodiment, the altered property is a curvature. In another embodiment, the altered property is a work function. By altering the property of the selected portions of the surface, the electron beam intensity is increased, and the width is decreased.

Abstract translation: 一种包括阴极结构的装置和方法，阴极结构可以是以螺旋线圈绕的圆柱形细丝，或者可以由带状物或其它合适的形状构成。 阴极结构可以通过电流加热，或者通过其他手段例如用高能电子轰击来加热。 阴极结构的表面的选定部分相对于表面的未被选择的部分具有改变的特性。 在一个实施例中，改变的特性是曲率。 在另一个实施例中，改变的属性是工作功能。 通过改变表面的选定部分的性质，电子束强度增加，并且宽度减小。

公开(公告)号：US07795792B2

公开(公告)日：2010-09-14

申请号：US11350975

申请日：2006-02-08

Applicant: James T. Arnold ,  Steve Bandy ,  Gary Virshup

Inventor： James T. Arnold ,  Steve Bandy ,  Gary Virshup

IPC: H01J1/13 ,  H01J1/16

CPC classification number: H01J35/06 ,  H01J2235/06

Abstract: An apparatus and method comprising a cathode structure which can be a cylindrical filament coiled in a helix or which can be constructed of a ribbon or other suitable shape. The cathode structure can be heated by passage of an electrical current, or by other means such as bombardment with energetic electrons. Selected portions of the surface of the cathode structure have an altered property with respect to the non-selected portions of the surface. In one embodiment, the altered property is a curvature. In another embodiment, the altered property is a work function. By altering the property of the selected portions of the surface, the electron beam intensity is increased, and the width is decreased.

Abstract translation: 一种包括阴极结构的装置和方法，阴极结构可以是以螺旋线圈绕的圆柱形细丝，或者可以由带状物或其他合适的形状构成。 阴极结构可以通过电流加热，或者通过其他手段例如用高能电子轰击来加热。 阴极结构的表面的选定部分相对于表面的未被选择的部分具有改变的特性。 在一个实施例中，改变的特性是曲率。 在另一个实施例中，改变的属性是工作功能。 通过改变表面的选定部分的性质，电子束强度增加，并且宽度减小。

公开(公告)号：US08174174B2

公开(公告)日：2012-05-08

申请号：US12759621

申请日：2010-04-13

Applicant: James T. Arnold ,  Steve Bandy ,  Gary Virshup

Inventor： James T. Arnold ,  Steve Bandy ,  Gary Virshup

IPC: H01J1/13 ,  H01J1/16

CPC classification number: H01J35/06 ,  H01J2235/06

Abstract: An apparatus and method comprising a cathode structure which can be a cylindrical filament coiled in a helix or which can be constructed of a ribbon or other suitable shape. The cathode structure can be heated by passage of an electrical current, or by other means such as bombardment with energetic electrons. Selected portions of the surface of the cathode structure have an altered property with respect to the non-selected portions of the surface. In one embodiment, the altered property is a curvature. In another embodiment, the altered property is a work function. By altering the property of the selected portions of the surface, the electron beam intensity is increased, and the width is decreased.

Abstract translation: 一种包括阴极结构的装置和方法，阴极结构可以是以螺旋线圈绕的圆柱形细丝，或者可以由带状物或其他合适的形状构成。 阴极结构可以通过电流加热，或者通过其他手段例如用高能电子轰击来加热。 阴极结构的表面的选定部分相对于表面的未被选择的部分具有改变的特性。 在一个实施例中，改变的特性是曲率。 在另一个实施例中，改变的属性是工作功能。 通过改变表面的选定部分的性质，电子束强度增加，并且宽度减小。

公开(公告)号：US20100195798A1

公开(公告)日：2010-08-05

申请号：US12759621

申请日：2010-04-13

Applicant: James T. Arnold ,  Steve Bandy ,  Gary Virshup

Inventor： James T. Arnold ,  Steve Bandy ,  Gary Virshup

IPC: H01J35/06 ,  H01J1/15 ,  H01J1/16

CPC classification number: H01J35/06 ,  H01J2235/06

Abstract: An apparatus and method comprising a cathode structure which can be a cylindrical filament coiled in a helix or which can be constructed of a ribbon or other suitable shape. The cathode structure can be heated by passage of an electrical current, or by other means such as bombardment with energetic electrons. Selected portions of the surface of the cathode structure have an altered property with respect to the non-selected portions of the surface. In one embodiment, the altered property is a curvature. In another embodiment, the altered property is a work function. By altering the property of the selected portions of the surface, the electron beam intensity is increased, and the width is decreased.

Abstract translation: 一种包括阴极结构的装置和方法，阴极结构可以是以螺旋线圈绕的圆柱形细丝，或者可以由带状物或其它合适的形状构成。 阴极结构可以通过电流加热，或者通过其他手段例如用高能电子轰击来加热。 阴极结构的表面的选定部分相对于表面的未被选择的部分具有改变的特性。 在一个实施例中，改变的特性是曲率。 在另一个实施例中，改变的属性是工作功能。 通过改变表面的选定部分的性质，电子束强度增加，并且宽度减小。

公开(公告)号：US20120140896A1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-07

申请号：US13369678

申请日：2012-02-09

Applicant: James T. Arnold ,  Steve Bandy ,  Gary Virshup

Inventor： James T. Arnold ,  Steve Bandy ,  Gary Virshup

IPC: H01J35/06 ,  B05D5/12

CPC classification number: H01J35/06 ,  H01J2235/06

Abstract: An apparatus and method comprising a cathode structure which can be a cylindrical filament coiled in a helix or which can be constructed of a ribbon or other suitable shape. The cathode structure can be heated by passage of an electrical current, or by other means such as bombardment with energetic electrons. Selected portions of the surface of the cathode structure have an altered property with respect to the non-selected portions of the surface. In one embodiment, the altered property is a curvature. In another embodiment, the altered property is a work function. By altering the property of the selected portions of the surface, the electron beam intensity is increased, and the width is decreased.

Abstract translation: 一种包括阴极结构的装置和方法，阴极结构可以是以螺旋线圈绕的圆柱形细丝，或者可以由带状物或其他合适的形状构成。 阴极结构可以通过电流加热，或者通过其他手段例如用高能电子轰击来加热。 阴极结构的表面的选定部分相对于表面的未被选择的部分具有改变的特性。 在一个实施例中，改变的特性是曲率。 在另一个实施例中，改变的属性是工作功能。 通过改变表面的选定部分的性质，电子束强度增加，并且宽度减小。

公开(公告)号：US6155097A

公开(公告)日：2000-12-05

申请号：US87666

申请日：1998-05-29

Applicant: James T. Arnold

Inventor： James T. Arnold

IPC: G01N1/40 ,  G01N30/14 ,  G01N30/62 ,  G01N30/72 ,  G01N30/04 ,  G01N30/08

CPC classification number: G01N1/4005 ,  G01N30/14 ,  G01N2001/4016 ,  G01N2030/146 ,  G01N2030/623 ,  G01N30/7206

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for increasing sensitivity for near-real-time detection of very low concentrations of diffusely distributed trace vapors in a carrier medium. Before admitting the trace vapor bearing carrier medium into a near-real-time GC/MS trace vapor detection system, the concentration of the trace vapor in the carrier medium, air in this instance, is increased by passing it through a membrane gas separator. The gas separator preferentially passes a portion of the trace vapor and rejects all but a very small portion of the carrier medium. The sample, highly concentrated in trace vapor with respect to the carrier medium after passing through the gas separator, is then compressed by a turbomolecular pump resulting in a substantial increase in density of the trace vapor at the exhaust port of the pump and a corresponding increase in detection sensitivity.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种方法和装置，用于提高载体介质中极低浓度的弥散分布痕量蒸汽的近实时检测的灵敏度。 在将痕量蒸气承载载体介质接近实时GC / MS痕量蒸汽检测系统之前，载体介质中的痕量蒸汽浓度，在这种情况下为空气，通过使膜通过膜气分离器而增加。 气体分离器优先通过痕量蒸气的一部分，并且除去载体介质的非常小的部分之外的所有物质。 然后通过涡轮分子泵将样品高度浓缩在相对于载体介质的痕量蒸气中，然后通过涡轮分子泵进行压缩，导致在泵的排气口处的痕量蒸气的密度显着增加，并且相应增加 在检测灵敏度。

公开(公告)号：US5872306A

公开(公告)日：1999-02-16

申请号：US27947

申请日：1998-02-23

Applicant: James T. Arnold

Inventor： James T. Arnold

IPC: G01N27/62 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/08 ,  G01N30/10 ,  G01N30/12 ,  G01N30/16 ,  G01N30/72 ,  B01D15/08

CPC classification number: G01N30/16 ,  G01N2030/025 ,  G01N2030/121 ,  G01N30/10 ,  G01N30/7206 ,  Y10T436/255

Abstract: A gas flow distribution system accumulates a sample from a sample bearing carrier gas in a micro-accumulator, delivers it using a carrier gas to a gas chromatography column, and supplies a carrier gas to the gas chromatography column to facilitate separation of the sample into sample components and transport the sample components to a mass spectrometer for trace vapor detection and analysis or testing in real time. The system is made of inert components and configured to have low dead volume for improved performance and accuracy of detection. External valves are employed for easy management and balance of the flow in the system to minimize operation time and facilitate continuous accumulation, delivery, and testing of the sample. The delivery of the sample to the gas chromatography column using an electrically heated cold trap as the micro-accumulator can be performed extremely fast. By further combining the sample accumulation phase and the sample testing phase, real time operation of trace vapor detection is achieved. Because the step of delivering the sample to the gas chromatography column is performed quickly, the accumulation of the sample can resume quickly and is nearly continuous for improved efficiency.

Abstract translation: 气体流量分配系统将来自承载载气样品的样品积聚在微型蓄能器中，并使用载气将其输送到气相色谱柱，并将载气提供给气相色谱柱，以便于将样品分离成样品 组件，并将样品组分运送到质谱仪上进行痕量蒸汽检测和分析或实时测试。 该系统由惰性部件制成，并且被配置为具有较低的死体积以提高检测的性能和准确度。 使用外部阀门可以方便地管理和平衡系统中的流量，以最大限度地减少操作时间，并促进样品的连续积累，传送和测试。 使用电加热的冷阱作为微量储存器将样品递送到气相色谱柱可以非常快地进行。 通过进一步组合样品积累阶段和样品测试阶段，实现痕量蒸汽检测的实时操作。 因为将样品输送到气相色谱柱的步骤快速进行，所以样品的积累可以快速恢复并且几乎连续以提高效率。

公开(公告)号：US5827945A

公开(公告)日：1998-10-27

申请号：US738961

申请日：1996-10-24

Applicant: James T. Arnold

Inventor： James T. Arnold

IPC: G01N27/62 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/08 ,  G01N30/10 ,  G01N30/12 ,  G01N30/16 ,  G01N30/72

CPC classification number: G01N30/16 ,  G01N2030/025 ,  G01N2030/121 ,  G01N30/10 ,  G01N30/7206 ,  Y10T436/255

Abstract: A gas flow distribution system accumulates a sample from a sample bearing carrier gas in a micro-accumulator, delivers it using a carrier gas to a gas chromatography column, and supplies a carrier gas to the gas chromatography column to facilitate separation of the sample into sample components and transport the sample components to a mass spectrometer for trace vapor detection and analysis or testing in real time. The system is made of inert components and configured to have low dead volume for improved performance and accuracy of detection. External valves are employed for easy management and balance of the flow in the system to minimize operation time and facilitate continuous accumulation, delivery, and testing of the sample. The delivery of the sample to the gas chromatography column using an electrically heated cold trap as the micro-accumulator can be performed extremely fast. By further combining the sample accumulation phase and the sample testing phase, real time operation of trace vapor detection is achieved. Because the step of delivering the sample to the gas chromatography column is performed quickly, the accumulation of the sample can resume quickly and is nearly continuous for improved efficiency.

公开(公告)号：US5541975A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-30

申请号：US179023

申请日：1994-01-07

Applicant: Weston A. Anderson ,  James T. Arnold ,  Gordon R. Lavering ,  Jack J. Duffield

Inventor： Weston A. Anderson ,  James T. Arnold ,  Gordon R. Lavering ,  Jack J. Duffield

IPC: H01J35/10 ,  H05G1/04

CPC classification number: H01J35/106 ,  H05G1/025 ,  H05G1/04 ,  H01J2235/1204 ,  H01J2235/1279

Abstract: An X-ray tube rotating anode is cooled with a liquid metal functioning as a recirculated heat exchange fluid and/or a metal film in a gap between the anode and a stationary structure. The liquid metal is confined to the gap by (a) a labyrinth having a coating that is not wetted by the liquid, (b) a magnetic structure, or (c) a wick. The liquid metal recirculated through the anode is cooled in a heat exchanger located either outside the tube or in the tube so it is surrounded by the anode. The heat exchanger in the tube includes a mass of metal in thermal contact with the recirculating liquid metal and including numerous passages for a cooling fluid, e.g. water. A high thermal conductivity path is provided between an anode region bombarded by electrons and a central region of the tube where heat is extracted. In one embodiment the high thermal conductivity is achieved by stacked pyrolytic structures having crystalline axes arranged so there is high heat conductivity radially of the region and lower thermal heat conductivity normal to the high heat conductivity direction.

Abstract translation: X射线管旋转阳极用在作为再循环热交换流体和/或金属膜之间的液体金属在阳极和固定结构之间的间隙中冷却。 液体金属通过（a）具有不被液体润湿的涂层的迷宫式，（b）磁性结构或（c）芯）限制在间隙。 通过阳极再循环的液态金属在位于管外部或管内的热交换器中冷却，使其被阳极包围。 管中的热交换器包括与再循环液体金属热接触的金属块，并且包括用于冷却流体的许多通道，例如， 水。 在由电子轰击的阳极区域和提取热量的管的中心区域之间提供高导热性路径。 在一个实施方案中，通过堆叠的热解结构实现了高热导率，其具有排列的晶轴，因此在该区域内径向具有高导热性，并且较低的热传导率垂直于高导热方向。

公开(公告)号：US5452069A

公开(公告)日：1995-09-19

申请号：US137854

申请日：1993-10-15

Applicant: James T. Arnold ,  Andrew T. Zander ,  Elbert S. Lile ,  Charles B. Cooper, III

Inventor： James T. Arnold ,  Andrew T. Zander ,  Elbert S. Lile ,  Charles B. Cooper, III

IPC: B23H1/02 ,  G01N1/04 ,  G01N1/28 ,  G01N19/06 ,  G01N21/67 ,  G01N1/00 ,  G01N21/62

CPC classification number: B23H1/02 ,  G01N1/04 ,  G01N19/06 ,  G01N21/67 ,  G01N1/286

Abstract: A spark sampling microparticle generator device and method providing means to first ionize a gap and then to switch a stabilized and controllable current into and out of said ionized gap to provide extremely high, selectable current density in a sample material in said gap with very fast rise and fall times to ablate said material to form microparticles. A plurality of identical modular circuits containing high frequency power transistors are selectably switchably connected in parallel simultaneously to the gap to achieve current densities which are higher than achievable with a single transistor, thereby obtaining the benefits of the high frequency response without being limited by the current limitations of the available transistors.

Abstract translation: 火花采样微粒发生器装置和方法，其提供装置，其首先电离间隙，然后将稳定和可控制的电流切换到和离开所述电离间隙，以在所述间隙中的样品材料中提供非常高的可选择的电流密度，具有非常快的上升 和下降时间以烧蚀所述材料以形成微粒。 包含高频功率晶体管的多个相同的模块电路可选择地并行地并行地与间隙连接，以实现高于单个晶体管可实现的电流密度，从而获得高频响应的优点而不受电流的限制 可用晶体管的限制。