摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for converting methane into a higher alkane mixture, preferably a liquid alkane mixture, comprising (C3+) alkanes having 3 carbon atoms and more, preferably (C4+) alkanes having 4 carbon atoms, especially (C5+) alkanes having 5 carbon atoms and more. The process comprises:—a stage (1) comprising contacting methane with a metal catalyst (C1) capable of producing, in contact with alkane, reactions involving the splitting and recombining of C—C and/or C—H and/or C-metal bonds, so as to form by a non-oxidative methane coupling reaction a mixture (M1) comprising ethane and hydrogen,—preferably a stage (2) comprising fractionating the mixture (M1) so as to separate and to isolate the ethane, and—a stage (3) comprising, preferably simultaneously, (i) contacting the mixture (M1) or preferably the ethane isolated in stage (2) with a metal catalyst (C2) capable of producing, in contact with alkane, reactions involving the splitting and recombining of C—C and/or C—H and/or C-metal bonds, said catalyst being identical to or different from catalyst (C1), so as to form by simultaneous ethane self- and cross-metathesis reactions a mixture (M2) comprising methane and the higher alkane mixture, and (ii) fractionating the mixture (M2) so as to separate and to isolate said higher alkane mixture, preferably in liquid form, and particularly the methane which is preferably recycled into stage (1). The hydrogen produced in stage (1) is preferably separated and isolated in stage (2) and then used for various applications and stages, e.g. for producing thermal and/or electrical energies preferably employed to run the process.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for converting ethane into liquid mixture of (C4+) alkanes having 4 carbon atoms and more, preferably (C5+) alkanes having 5 carbon atoms and more. The process comprises a stage (1) comprising simultaneous ethane self- and cross-metathesis reactions carried out by contacting ethane with a metal catalyst (C1) capable of producing, in contact with alkane, reactions involving the splitting and recombining of C—C and/or C—H and/or C-metal bonds, so as to form a reaction mixture (MI) comprising methane and a mixture of the (C4+), preferably the (C5+) alkanes, a stage (2) comprising separating and isolating methane from the reaction mixture (MI), a stage (3) comprising a non-oxidative methane coupling reaction carried out by contacting the methane thus isolated with a metal catalyst (C2) capable of producing, in contact with alkane, reactions involving the splitting and recombining of C—C and/or C—H and/or C-metal bonds, said catalyst (C2) being identical to or different from the catalyst (C1), so as to form a mixture (M2) comprising ethane and hydrogen, optionally a stage (4) comprising separating and isolating ethane from the mixture (M2), a stage (5) comprising recycling the ethane thus isolated or the mixture (M2) into stage (1) for going on with the simultaneous ethane self- and cross-metathesis reactions and continuing forming said reaction mixture (MI), and a stage (6) comprising separating and isolating.
摘要:
This invention relates to coking process additives and, related processes, such as upgrading heavy hydrocarbons, producing petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon products, and/or thermally cracking heavy hydrocarbons. The additive includes an anionic clay to increase a liquid product yield. Suitable anionic clays may include hydrotalcite materials and hydrotalcite-like materials.
摘要:
This invention relates to devices and processes for removing asphaltenes and/or metals from crude oil to increase refinery processing of heavy materials. The desalters of this invention reduce and/or remove at least a portion of asphaltenes and/or metals form the crude oil. The separation occurs by mixing water with the crude oil to result in an aqueous phase having water and water soluble salts, an interface phase having asphaltenes and/or metals along with water, and a hydrocarbon phase having desalted, deasphalted and/or reduced metal crude oil.
摘要:
This invention relates to devices and processes for removing asphaltenes and/or metals from crude oil to increase refinery processing of heavy materials. The desalters of this invention reduce and/or remove at least a portion of asphaltenes and/or metals form the crude oil. The separation occurs by mixing water with the crude oil to result in an aqueous phase having water and water soluble salts, an interface phase having asphaltenes and/or metals along with water, and a hydrocarbon phase haying desalted, deasphalted and/or reduced metal crude oil.
摘要:
This invention relates to devices and processes for removing asphaltenes and/or metals from crude oil to increase refinery processing of heavy materials. The desalters of this invention reduce and/or remove at least a portion of asphaltenes and/or metals form the crude oil. The separation occurs by mixing water with the crude oil to result in an aqueous phase having water and water soluble salts, an interface phase having asphaltenes and/or metals along with water, and a hydrocarbon phase having desalted, deasphalted and/or reduced metal crude oil.
摘要:
This invention relates to a hydrocarbon conversion process additive and related processes, such as upgrading a heavy hydrocarbon material and making sponge coke. The hydrocarbon conversion process additive works with thermal processes, catalytic processes, or thermal-catalytic processes. The hydrocarbon process conversion additive includes lignin or macromolecular substructures of lignin like para-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, or sinapyl alcohol.
摘要:
This invention relates to devices and processes for removing asphaltenes and/or metals from crude oil to increase refinery processing of heavy materials. The desalters of this invention reduce and/or remove at least a portion of asphaltenes and/or metals form the crude oil. The separation occurs by mixing water with the crude oil to result in an aqueous phase having water and water soluble salts, an interface phase having asphaltenes and/or metals along with water, and a hydrocarbon phase haying desalted, deasphalted and/or reduced metal crude oil.