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公开(公告)号：US07554067B2
公开(公告)日：2009-06-30
申请号：US11589357
申请日：2006-10-30
申请人： Jeffrey J. Zarnowski , Ketan V. Karia , Michael Joyner , Thomas Poonnen , Li Liu
发明人： Jeffrey J. Zarnowski , Ketan V. Karia , Michael Joyner , Thomas Poonnen , Li Liu
CPC分类号： H04N5/2254 , H01L27/14603 , H01L27/14621 , H01L27/14627 , H04N1/1911 , H04N1/1917 , H04N5/3692 , H04N9/045 , H04N2201/0081
摘要： A solid state imaging system has at least one CMOS imager with first and second series of pixels in which the pixels of one series are offset, i.e., staggered, in respect to the pixels of the other series. Multiple imagers can be arrayed end to end, with jumper wires connecting the pixel output conductors or each so that the pixels feed into a common output amplifier for each series, to minimize chip to chip offset voltages. The pixels may be diagonally offset from one another, and a color imager can be constructed in which color ribbon filters are arranged diagonally across the imaging area. This arrangement minimizes color cross talk. An array of microlenses is situated with each microlens covering a plurality of the pixels. The different pixels under each microlens can be aligned along a diagonal. The different pixels under the same microlens can have different integration times, to increase the dynamic range of the imager(s).
摘要翻译： 固态成像系统具有至少一个具有第一和第二系列像素的CMOS成像器，其中一系列的像素相对于另一系列的像素偏移，即交错。 多个成像器可以端对端排列，跨接线连接像素输出导体或每个像素，以便像素馈送到每个系列的公共输出放大器，以最小化芯片到芯片的偏移电压。 像素可以彼此对角地偏移，并且可以构造彩色成像器，其中色带滤光器对角地布置在成像区域上。 这种布置使颜色串扰最小化。 位于微透镜阵列中，每个微透镜覆盖多个像素。 每个微透镜下的不同像素可以沿对角线对齐。 相同微透镜下的不同像素可以具有不同的积分时间，以增加成像器的动态范围。
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公开(公告)号：US07122778B2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-17
申请号：US11356199
申请日：2006-02-17
CPC分类号： H01L27/14603 , H01L27/14609 , H01L27/14621 , H01L27/14625 , H01L27/14643 , H01L27/14645 , H04N1/03 , H04N1/0308 , H04N1/1933 , H04N1/1934 , H04N5/3692
摘要： A solid state imaging system has at least one CMOS imager with first and second series of pixels in which the pixels of one series are offset, i.e., staggered, in respect to the pixels of the other series. Multiple imagers can be arrayed end to end, with jumper wires connecting the pixel output conductors or each so that the pixels feed into a common output amplifier for each series, to minimize chip to chip offset voltages. The pixels may be diagonally offset from one another, and a color imager can be constructed in which color ribbon filters are arranged diagonally across the imaging area. This arrangment minimizes color cross talk.
摘要翻译： 固态成像系统具有至少一个具有第一和第二系列像素的CMOS成像器，其中一系列的像素相对于另一系列的像素偏移，即交错。 多个成像器可以端对端排列，跨接线连接像素输出导体或每个像素，以便像素馈送到每个系列的公共输出放大器，以最小化芯片到芯片的偏移电压。 像素可以彼此对角地偏移，并且可以构造彩色成像器，其中色带滤光器对角地布置在成像区域上。 这种布置使颜色串扰最小化。
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公开(公告)号：US20090231479A1
公开(公告)日：2009-09-17
申请号：US12421948
申请日：2009-04-10
IPC分类号： H04N5/335
CPC分类号： H04N5/37455 , H03M1/1019 , H03M1/123 , H03M1/1235 , H03M1/56 , H04N5/335 , H04N5/35509 , H04N5/3575 , H04N5/361 , H04N5/365 , H04N5/378
摘要： A solid state imager converts analog pixel values to digital form on an arrayed per-column basis. A counter is coupled to an N-bit DAC to produce an analog ramp that varies corresponding to the contents of the counter. A ripple counter is associated with each respective column. A clock or a source of counts at a predetermined sequence supplies clock signals or counts to the counter elements. Column comparators gate the counter elements when the analog ramp equals the pixel value. The counter contents feed a video output bus to produce the digital video signal. Additional black-level readout counters elements can create and store a black level digital value that is subtracted from the pixel value to reduce fixed pattern noise. The counters may employ two's complement arithmetic. An additional array of buffer counter/latches can be employed. Ripple counters can be configured as counters to capture the digital video level, and then as shift registers to clock out the video levels to an output bus. The clock pulses or counts for the DAC counter and for the ripple counters can be at the same or different rates.
摘要翻译： 固态成像器将阵列每列的模拟像素值转换为数字形式。 计数器耦合到N位DAC以产生对应于计数器的内容而变化的模拟斜坡。 纹波计数器与每个相应的列相关联。 在预定序列上的时钟或计数源向计数器元件提供时钟信号或计数。 当模拟斜坡等于像素值时，列比较器将计数器元件选通。 计数器内容供给视频输出总线以产生数字视频信号。 附加的黑电平读出计数器元件可以创建并存储从像素值中减去的黑电平数字值以减少固定模式噪声。 计数器可以使用二进制补码算术。 可以采用附加的缓冲计数器/锁存器阵列。 纹波计数器可以配置为计数器来捕获数字视频电平，然后作为移位寄存器将视频电平时钟输出到输出总线。 DAC计数器和纹波计数器的时钟脉冲或计数可以是相同或不同的速率。
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公开(公告)号：US07129461B2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-31
申请号：US11434666
申请日：2006-05-16
CPC分类号： H01L27/14603 , H01L27/14609 , H01L27/14621 , H01L27/14625 , H01L27/14643 , H01L27/14645 , H04N1/03 , H04N1/0308 , H04N1/1933 , H04N1/1934 , H04N5/3692
摘要： A solid state imaging system has at least one CMOS imager with first and second series of pixels in which the pixels of one series are offset, i.e., staggered, in respect to the pixels of the other series. Multiple imagers can be arrayed end to end, with jumper wires connecting the pixel output conductors or each so that the pixels feed into a common output amplifier for each series, to minimize chip to chip offset voltages. The pixels may be diagonally offset from one another, and a color imager can be constructed in which color ribbon filters are arranged diagonally across the imaging area. This arrangement minimizes color cross talk.
摘要翻译： 固态成像系统具有至少一个具有第一和第二系列像素的CMOS成像器，其中一系列的像素相对于另一系列的像素偏移，即交错。 多个成像器可以端对端排列，跨接线连接像素输出导体或每个像素，以便像素馈送到每个系列的公共输出放大器，以最小化芯片到芯片的偏移电压。 像素可以彼此对角地偏移，并且可以构造彩色成像器，其中色带滤光器对角地布置在成像区域上。 这种布置使颜色串扰最小化。
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公开(公告)号：US07903159B2
公开(公告)日：2011-03-08
申请号：US12421948
申请日：2009-04-10
CPC分类号： H04N5/37455 , H03M1/1019 , H03M1/123 , H03M1/1235 , H03M1/56 , H04N5/335 , H04N5/35509 , H04N5/3575 , H04N5/361 , H04N5/365 , H04N5/378
摘要： A solid state imager converts analog pixel values to digital form on an arrayed per-column basis. A counter is coupled to an N-bit DAC to produce an analog ramp that varies corresponding to the contents of the counter. A ripple counter is associated with each respective column. A clock or a source of counts at a predetermined sequence supplies clock signals or counts to the counter elements. Column comparators gate the counter elements when the analog ramp equals the pixel value. The counter contents feed a video output bus to produce the digital video signal. Additional black-level readout counters elements can create and store a black level digital value that is subtracted from the pixel value to reduce fixed pattern noise. The counters may employ two's complement arithmetic. An additional array of buffer counter/latches can be employed. Ripple counters can be configured as counters to capture the digital video level, and then as shift registers to clock out the video levels to an output bus. The clock pulses or counts for the DAC counter and for the ripple counters can be at the same or different rates.
摘要翻译： 固态成像器将阵列每列的模拟像素值转换为数字形式。 计数器耦合到N位DAC以产生对应于计数器的内容而变化的模拟斜坡。 纹波计数器与每个相应的列相关联。 在预定序列上的时钟或计数源向计数器元件提供时钟信号或计数。 当模拟斜坡等于像素值时，列比较器将计数器元件选通。 计数器内容供给视频输出总线以产生数字视频信号。 附加的黑电平读出计数器元件可以创建并存储从像素值中减去的黑电平数字值以减少固定模式噪声。 计数器可以使用二进制补码算术。 可以采用附加的缓冲计数器/锁存器阵列。 纹波计数器可以配置为计数器来捕获数字视频电平，然后作为移位寄存器将视频电平时钟输出到输出总线。 DAC计数器和纹波计数器的时钟脉冲或计数可以是相同或不同的速率。
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公开(公告)号：US07045758B2
公开(公告)日：2006-05-16
申请号：US11111334
申请日：2005-04-21
CPC分类号： H01L27/14603 , H01L27/14609 , H01L27/14621 , H01L27/14625 , H01L27/14643 , H01L27/14645 , H04N1/03 , H04N1/0308 , H04N1/1933 , H04N1/1934 , H04N5/3692
摘要： A solid state imaging system has at least one CMOS imager with first and second series of pixels in which the pixels of one series are offset, i.e., staggered, in respect to the pixels of the other series. Multiple imagers can be arrayed end to end, with jumper wires connecting the pixel output conductors or each so that the pixels feed into a common output amplifier for each series, to minimize chip to chip offset voltages. The pixels may be diagonally offset from one another, and a color imager can be constructed in which color ribbon filters are arranged diagonally across the imaging area. This arrangment minimizes color cross talk.
摘要翻译： 固态成像系统具有至少一个具有第一和第二系列像素的CMOS成像器，其中一系列的像素相对于另一系列的像素偏移，即交错。 多个成像器可以端对端排列，跨接线连接像素输出导体或每个像素，以便像素馈送到每个系列的公共输出放大器，以最小化芯片到芯片的偏移电压。 像素可以彼此对角地偏移，并且可以构造彩色成像器，其中色带滤光器对角地布置在成像区域上。 这种布置使颜色串扰最小化。
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公开(公告)号：US08169517B2
公开(公告)日：2012-05-01
申请号：US11974813
申请日：2007-10-16
申请人： Thomas Poonnen , Jeffrey J. Zarnowski , Li Liu , Michael Joyner , Ketan V. Karia
发明人： Thomas Poonnen , Jeffrey J. Zarnowski , Li Liu , Michael Joyner , Ketan V. Karia
CPC分类号： H03M1/123 , H03M1/1019 , H03M1/1235 , H03M1/56 , H04N5/335 , H04N5/3575 , H04N5/3742 , H04N5/37455 , H04N5/3765 , H04N5/378
摘要： A solid state imager converts analog pixel values to digital form on an arrayed per-column basis. An N-bit counter supplies an N-bit DAC to produce an analog ramp output with a level that varies corresponding to the contents of the counter. A latch/counter or equivalent is associated with each respective column. A clock supplies clock signal(s) to the counter elements. When the analog ramp equals the pixel value for that column, the latch/counter latches the value. The black level can be pre-set in the latch/counter or can be subtracted separately to reduce fixed pattern noise. The pixels can be oversampled for some number of times, e.g., n=16, to reduce the thermal noise of the sensors. Also, two or more pixels sharing a common sense node may be binned together, and two (or more) pixels having different integration times may be combined to obtain an output signal with enhanced dynamic range.
摘要翻译： 固态成像器将阵列每列的模拟像素值转换为数字形式。 N位计数器提供N位DAC以产生具有与计数器内容相对应的电平的模拟斜坡输出。 锁存/计数器或等效物与每个相应的列相关联。 时钟向计数器元件提供时钟信号。 当模拟斜坡等于该列的像素值时，锁存器/计数器锁存该值。 黑色电平可以在锁存/计数器中预先设置，也可以单独减去，以减少固定模式噪声。 像素可以被过采样若干次，例如n = 16，以减少传感器的热噪声。 此外，共享共同感测节点的两个或更多个像素可以被合并在一起，并且可以组合具有不同积分时间的两个（或更多个）像素以获得具有增强的动态范围的输出信号。
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公开(公告)号：US07518646B2
公开(公告)日：2009-04-14
申请号：US11230385
申请日：2005-09-20
CPC分类号： H04N5/335 , H03M1/1019 , H03M1/123 , H03M1/1235 , H03M1/56 , H04N5/3742 , H04N5/37455 , H04N5/3765 , H04N5/378
摘要： A solid state imager converts analog pixel values to digital form on an arrayed per-column basis. An N-bit counter supplies an N-bit DAC to produce an analog ramp output with a level that varies corresponding to the contents of the counter. A ripple counter or equivalent is associated with each respective column. A clock supplies clock signals to the counter elements. A comparator in each column gates the counter element when the analog ramp equals the pixel value for that column. The contents of the counters are transferred sequentially to a video output bus to produce the digital video signal. Additional black-level readout counter elements can create and store a digital value that corresponds to a dark or black video level. A subtraction element subtracts the black level value from the pixel value to reduce fixed pattern noise. An additional array of buffer counter/latches can be employed. The ripple counters can be configured as counters to capture the digital video level, and then as shift registers to clock out the video levels to an output bus. The clock pulses for the DAC counter and for the ripple counters can be at the same or different rates.
摘要翻译： 固态成像器将阵列每列的模拟像素值转换为数字形式。 N位计数器提供N位DAC以产生具有与计数器内容相对应的电平的模拟斜坡输出。 纹波计数器或等效物与每个相应的列相关联。 时钟向计数器元件提供时钟信号。 当模拟斜坡等于该列的像素值时，每列中的比较器对计数器元件进行门控。 计数器的内容被顺序地传送到视频输出总线以产生数字视频信号。 附加的黑电平读出计数器元件可创建并存储对应于暗或黑色视频电平的数字值。 减法元素从像素值中减去黑电平值以减少固定图案噪声。 可以采用附加的缓冲计数器/锁存器阵列。 纹波计数器可以配置为计数器来捕获数字视频电平，然后作为移位寄存器将视频电平计时到输出总线。 DAC计数器和纹波计数器的时钟脉冲可以具有相同或不同的速率。
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公开(公告)号：US20050185079A1
公开(公告)日：2005-08-25
申请号：US11111334
申请日：2005-04-21
申请人： Jeffrey Zarnowski , Ketan Karia , Michael Joyner , Thomas Poonnen
发明人： Jeffrey Zarnowski , Ketan Karia , Michael Joyner , Thomas Poonnen
IPC分类号： H01L27/146 , H04N1/03 , H04N5/374 , H04N5/378 , H04N9/04 , H01L31/062 , H01L29/732 , H04N3/14
CPC分类号： H01L27/14603 , H01L27/14609 , H01L27/14621 , H01L27/14625 , H01L27/14643 , H01L27/14645 , H04N1/03 , H04N1/0308 , H04N1/1933 , H04N1/1934 , H04N5/3692
摘要： A solid state imaging system has at least one CMOS imager with first and second series of pixels in which the pixels of one series are offset, i.e., staggered, in respect to the pixels of the other series. Multiple imagers can be arrayed end to end, with jumper wires connecting the pixel output conductors or each so that the pixels feed into a common output amplifier for each series, to minimize chip to chip offset voltages. The pixels may be diagonally offset from one another, and a color imager can be constructed in which color ribbon filters are arranged diagonally across the imaging area. This arrangment minimizes color cross talk.
摘要翻译： 固态成像系统具有至少一个具有第一和第二系列像素的CMOS成像器，其中一系列的像素相对于另一系列的像素偏移，即交错。 多个成像器可以端对端排列，跨接线连接像素输出导体或每个像素，以便像素馈送到每个系列的公共输出放大器，以最小化芯片到芯片的偏移电压。 像素可以彼此对角地偏移，并且可以构造彩色成像器，其中色带滤光器对角地布置在成像区域上。 这种布置使颜色串扰最小化。
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公开(公告)号：US08035711B2
公开(公告)日：2011-10-11
申请号：US12125466
申请日：2008-05-22
IPC分类号： H04N9/083
摘要： Improving the dynamic range of captured images is disclosed by using sub-pixel arrays to capture light at different exposures and generate color pixel outputs for an image in a single frame. Each sub-pixel array can include multiple sub-pixels. The sub-pixels that make up a sub-pixel array can include red (R) sub-pixels, green (G) sub-pixels, blue (B) sub-pixels, and in some embodiments, clear sub-pixels. Those sub-pixel arrays having clear sub-pixels effectively have a higher exposure level and can capture low-light scenes (for dark areas) better than those sub-pixel arrays without clear sub-pixels. Each sub-pixel array can produce a color pixel output that is a combination of the outputs of the sub-pixels in the sub-pixel array. Each sub-pixel in a sub-pixel array can have the same exposure time, or in some embodiments, individual sub-pixels within a sub-pixel array can have different exposure times to improve the overall dynamic range even more.
摘要翻译： 通过使用子像素阵列来捕获不同曝光的光并且在单个帧中为图像生成彩色像素输出来公开改善拍摄图像的动态范围。 每个子像素阵列可以包括多个子像素。 构成子像素阵列的子像素可以包括红色（R）子像素，绿色（G）子像素，蓝色（B）子像素，并且在一些实施例中可以包括清晰的子像素。 具有清晰子像素的子像素阵列有效地具有更高的曝光水平，并且能够比没有清晰子像素的子像素阵列更好地捕获低光场景（对于暗区域）。 每个子像素阵列可以产生作为子像素阵列中的子像素的输出的组合的彩色像素输出。 子像素阵列中的每个子像素可以具有相同的曝光时间，或者在一些实施例中，子像素阵列内的各个子像素可以具有不同的曝光时间，以提高整个动态范围。
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