Adaptive bandwidth estimation
    3.
    发明授权
    Adaptive bandwidth estimation 有权
    自适应带宽估计

    公开(公告)号:US08773993B2

    公开(公告)日:2014-07-08

    申请号:US13085456

    申请日:2011-04-12

    IPC分类号: G08C15/00

    CPC分类号: H04L43/0882 H04L43/10

    摘要: Some embodiments provide a method of combining multiple streams of data packets into a single combined stream in a manner that facilitates accurate estimation of bandwidth of a connection over a network between two devices. When combining the streams into the combined stream, the method associates a set of packets from a first stream and a reference packet from a second stream to form a longer sequence of packets in the combined stream. The method sends the combined stream from a first device to a second device so that the second device can estimate the bandwidth of the connection between the first and second devices based on the inter-arrival times of the packets in the sequence of packets.

    摘要翻译: 一些实施例提供了一种将多个数据分组流合并为单个组合流的方法,其方式是促进通过两个设备之间的网络上的连接的带宽的精确估计。 当将流合并到组合流中时,该方法将来自第一流的一组分组和来自第二个流的参考分组相关联,以在组合流中形成较长的分组序列。 该方法将组合流从第一设备发送到第二设备,使得第二设备可以基于分组序列中的分组的到达之间时间来估计第一和第二设备之间的连接的带宽。

    Video Conference Network Management for a Mobile Device
    4.
    发明申请
    Video Conference Network Management for a Mobile Device 有权
    移动设备的视频会议网络管理

    公开(公告)号:US20110249077A1

    公开(公告)日:2011-10-13

    申请号:US12794774

    申请日:2010-06-06

    IPC分类号: H04N7/14

    摘要: Some embodiments provide a method for managing a video conference between a first device and a second device. The method identifies a first ceiling bit rate for transmitting video conference data to the second device through the communication channel. The method identifies a current bit rate that is less than the first ceiling bit rate. The method receives networking data regarding the communication channel from the second device. The method determines, from the received network data, that the communication channel will sustain an increase in the current bit rate. The method increments the current bit rate. The method iteratively performs the receiving, determining, and incrementing operations until a determination is made that the communication channel will not sustain the increase in the current bit rate.

    摘要翻译: 一些实施例提供了一种用于管理第一设备和第二设备之间的视频会议的方法。 该方法通过通信信道识别用于将视频会议数据发送到第二设备的第一上限比特率。 该方法识别当前比特率小于第一个上限比特率。 该方法从第二设备接收关于通信信道的网络数据。 该方法从接收到的网络数据确定通信信道将维持当前比特率的增加。 该方法会增加当前的比特率。 该方法迭代地执行接收,确定和递增操作,直到确定通信信道不会维持当前比特率的增加。

    ADAPTIVE BANDWIDTH ESTIMATION
    5.
    发明申请
    ADAPTIVE BANDWIDTH ESTIMATION 有权
    自适应带宽估计

    公开(公告)号:US20120281715A1

    公开(公告)日:2012-11-08

    申请号:US13085456

    申请日:2011-04-12

    IPC分类号: H04J3/22

    CPC分类号: H04L43/0882 H04L43/10

    摘要: Some embodiments provide a method of combining multiple streams of data packets into a single combined stream in a manner that facilitates accurate estimation of bandwidth of a connection over a network between two devices. When combining the streams into the combined stream, the method associates a set of packets from a first stream and a reference packet from a second stream to form a longer sequence of packets in the combined stream. The method sends the combined stream from a first device to a second device so that the second device can estimate the bandwidth of the connection between the first and second devices based on the inter-arrival times of the packets in the sequence of packets.

    摘要翻译: 一些实施例提供了一种将多个数据分组流合并为单个组合流的方法,其方式是促进通过两个设备之间的网络上的连接的带宽的精确估计。 当将流合并到组合流中时,该方法将来自第一流的一组分组和来自第二个流的参考分组相关联,以在组合流中形成更长的分组序列。 该方法将组合流从第一设备发送到第二设备,使得第二设备可以基于分组序列中的分组的到达之间时间来估计第一和第二设备之间的连接的带宽。

    Multi-word variable length encoding and decoding
    7.
    发明授权
    Multi-word variable length encoding and decoding 失效
    多字可变长度编码和解码

    公开(公告)号:US5623262A

    公开(公告)日:1997-04-22

    申请号:US291655

    申请日:1994-08-17

    IPC分类号: H03M7/42 H03M7/40

    CPC分类号: H03M7/425

    摘要: Decoding and encoding of variable length data words and data strings is accelerated by testing for and processing more than one word or string per encoding or decoding cycle. In an encoding scheme wherein fixed length data words are encoded into variable length data strings, decoding is carried out by first receiving a data stream having a plurality of encoded data strings contained therein, and then testing at least a portion of the data stream to determine whether the portion contains one of a number of selected sets of multiple data strings. If the portion of the data stream contains one of the selected sets of multiple data strings, the multiple data strings are decoded into a corresponding set of multiple data words. This decoding procedure allows a plurality of encoded data strings to be decoded in a single decoding cycle. The procedure may be implemented using either a single lookup table or a set of split-level lookup tables. The above procedure may also be applied to an encoding scheme wherein variable length data words are transformed into fixed length encoded data strings to encode the variable length data words. Furthermore, the above procedure may be applied to an encoding scheme wherein variable length data words are transformed into variable length data strings to both encode and decode the variable length data words and data strings.

    摘要翻译: 可变长度数据字和数据串的解码和编码通过对每个编码或解码周期进行测试和处理多个字或字符串来加速。 在将固定长度数据字编码为可变长度数据串的编码方案中,通过首先接收其中包含多个编码数据串的数据流,然后测试数据流的至少一部分来确定 该部分是否包含多个选定的多个数据串集合中的一个。 如果数据流的部分包含所选择的多个数据串集合中的一个,则将多个数据串解码成相应的多个数据字集合。 该解码过程允许在单个解码周期中解码多个编码数据串。 该过程可以使用单个查找表或一组拆分级查找表来实现。 上述过程也可以应用于其中可变长度数据字被变换成固定长度编码数据串以对可变长度数据字进行编码的编码方案。 此外,上述过程可以应用于编码方案,其中可变长度数据字被变换成可变长度数据串,以对可变长度数据字和数据串进行编码和解码。

    Preprocessing and postprocessing for vector quantization
    8.
    发明授权
    Preprocessing and postprocessing for vector quantization 失效
    矢量量化的预处理和后处理

    公开(公告)号:US5596659A

    公开(公告)日:1997-01-21

    申请号:US938942

    申请日:1992-09-01

    CPC分类号: G06T9/008

    摘要: Improved proprecessing and postprocessing for vector quantization, for example, for encoding an image. In one embodiment, the luminosity of the vectors in an image are used to determine the codes for vector quantization. In another embodiment, a median filter is performed to eliminate motion artifacts. In another embodiment, temporal filtering is applied once the difference between an earlier frame and a current frame exceeds a threshold. Embodiments are also provided for adaptive temporal filtering based on temporal "no change" blocks and their errors. Embodiments are provided for different regions of images which reference different codebooks, and regions of variable size. Embodiments are also provided for shared and variable size codebooks for different images or other data.

    摘要翻译: 改进了矢量量化的预处理和后处理,例如,用于编码图像。 在一个实施例中,图像中的矢量的亮度用于确定用于矢量量化的码。 在另一个实施例中,执行中值滤波器以消除运动伪像。 在另一个实施例中,一旦较早的帧和当前帧之间的差超过阈值,就应用时间滤波。 还提供了基于时间“无变化”块及其误差的自适应时间滤波的实施例。 为不同的图像区域提供了实施例,参考不同的码本和可变大小的区域。 还提供了用于不同图像或其他数据的共享和可变大小码本的实施例。

    Method and apparatus for improving the security of an electronic
codebook encryption scheme utilizing an offset in the pseudorandom
sequence
    9.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for improving the security of an electronic codebook encryption scheme utilizing an offset in the pseudorandom sequence 失效
    用于改善利用伪随机序列中的偏移的电子码本加密方案的安全性的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US5438622A

    公开(公告)日:1995-08-01

    申请号:US184978

    申请日:1994-01-21

    IPC分类号: H04L9/12 H04L9/18 H04L9/00

    摘要: A method and apparatus for improving the security of an electronic codebook encryption scheme comprises a transmitter unit for encoding or encrypting data and a separate authorized receiver for decoding or decrypting the data. During the encryption of the plaintext data, a randomly generated offset is introduced into the PN sequence to vary the starting point of the PN sequence as it is applied to the plaintext data. The offset is encrypted with the secret key and the unencrypted IV, encrypted offset, and ciphertext are exported by the transmitter to the receiver for decrypting.The encoded communication is imported by the receiver and the encrypted offset portion is extracted. The receiver combines the encrypted offset with the secret key to decipher the offset value. The offset and PN sequence are then combined with the ciphertext, using an XOR gate, to recover the original plain text from the ciphertext.In an alternative embodiment, the encoding PN sequence is composed of multiple, non-contiguous random sequence segments comprising a two-dimensional array. An incremental IV ID is generated for each IV issued in the creation of a segment. Each random sequence segment is identifiable by its IV ID. The starting point at which the random sequence segments are applied to a string of plaintext data is deferred from the beginning of the first random sequence segment in accordance with a composite offset.

    摘要翻译: 一种用于改善电子码本加密方案的安全性的方法和装置包括用于对数据进行编码或加密的发送单元和用于解码或解密数据的单独的授权接收机。 在明文数据的加密期间,随机产生的偏移量被引入到PN序列中,以便在应用于明文数据时改变PN序列的起始点。 偏移量用密钥加密,未加密的IV,加密的偏移量和密文由发送器输出到接收机进行解密。 编码的通信由接收机导入,提取加密的偏移部分。 接收机将加密的偏移与秘密密钥组合,以解密偏移值。 然后使用XOR门将偏移量和PN序列与密文相结合,从密文中恢复原始的纯文本。 在替代实施例中,编码PN序列由包括二维阵列的多个非连续随机序列段组成。 为创建分段时发出的每个IV生成增量IV ID。 每个随机序列片段可以通过其IV ID来识别。 随机序列片段应用于一串明文数据的起始点根据复合偏移从第一随机序列片段的开始延迟。

    Variable length decoding using lookup tables
    10.
    发明授权
    Variable length decoding using lookup tables 失效
    使用查找表进行可变长度解码

    公开(公告)号:US5253053A

    公开(公告)日:1993-10-12

    申请号:US636498

    申请日:1990-12-31

    摘要: A method and apparatus for decoding a variable length codeword (VLC) by reading a VLC, the VLC having a maximum length of X bits. The VLC is used as an index into a first table, wherein the first table contains decoded values for all possible VLC's with Y bits not equal to any value in a first set of values. Y is typically less than X and comprises, in the preferred embodiment, the most significant bits of the VLC. If the first Y bits of the VLC are not equal to any value in a first set of values then a second value is returned from the first table. If the first Y bits of the VLC are equal to any value in a first set of values, then a pointer to a second table is returned from the first table. The VLC is used as an index into the second table, and a third value is returned from the second table.

    摘要翻译: 一种用于通过读取VLC来解码可变长度码字(VLC)的方法和装置,VLC具有最大长度为X位的VLC。 VLC用作第一表的索引,其中第一表包含所有可能的VLC的解码值,其中Y位不等于第一组值中的任何值。 Y通常小于X,并且在优选实施例中包括VLC的最高有效位。 如果VLC的第一个Y位不等于第一组值中的任何值,则从第一个表返回第二个值。 如果VLC的第一个Y位等于第一组值中的任何值,则从第一个表返回指向第二个表的指针。 VLC用作第二个表中的索引,第二个表从第二个表返回第三个值。