公开(公告)号：US06984734B2

公开(公告)日：2006-01-10

申请号：US10373949

申请日：2003-02-26

申请人： Jonathan L. Sessler ,  Daniel Seidel ,  Frederic R. Bolze ,  Thomas Koehler

发明人： Jonathan L. Sessler ,  Daniel Seidel ,  Frederic R. Bolze ,  Thomas Koehler

IPC分类号： C07D245/00 ,  G02F1/035 ,  G11B7/24 ,  B32B3/26

CPC分类号： C07D487/22 ,  Y10T428/249953

摘要： The present invention provides an oxidative coupling procedure that allows efficient synthesis of novel cyclo[n]pyrrole macrocycles. Therefore, the present invention provides cyclo[n]pyrroles where n is 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12, and derivatives, multimers, isomers, and ion and neutral molecule complexes thereof as new compositions of matter. A protonated form of cyclo[n]pyrrole displays a gap of up to 700 nm between strong Soret and Q-like absorption bands in the electronic spectrum, demonstrating no significant ground state absorption in the visible portion of the electronic spectrum. Uses of cyclo[n]pyrroles as separation media, nonlinear optical materials, information storage media and infrared filters are provided.

公开(公告)号：US09750465B2

公开(公告)日：2017-09-05

申请号：US13514312

申请日：2010-12-08

申请人： Klaus Juergen Engel ,  Dieter Geller ,  Gereon Vogtmeier ,  Thomas Koehler

发明人： Klaus Juergen Engel ,  Dieter Geller ,  Gereon Vogtmeier ,  Thomas Koehler

IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/03

CPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/4291 ,  A61B6/484 ,  A61B6/488 ,  A61B6/5241

摘要： The invention relates to the field of X-ray differential phase contrast imaging. For scanning large objects and for an improved contrast to noise ratio, an X-ray device (10) for imaging an object (18) is provided. The X-ray device (10) comprises an X-ray emitter arrangement (12) and an X-ray detector arrangement (14), wherein the X-ray emitter arrangement (14) is adapted to emit an X-ray beam (16) through the object (18) onto the X-ray detector arrangement (14). The X-ray beam (16) is at least partial spatial coherent and fan-shaped. The X-ray detector arrangement (14) comprises a phase grating (50) and an absorber grating (52). The X-ray detector arrangement (14) comprises an area detector (54) for detecting X-rays, wherein the X-ray device is adapted to generate image data from the detected X-rays and to extract phase information from the X-ray image data, the phase information relating to a phase shift of X-rays caused by the object (18). The object (18) has a region of interest (32) which is larger than a detection area of the X-ray detector (18) and the X-ray device (10) is adapted to generate image data of the region of interest (32) by moving the object (18) and the X-ray detector arrangement (14) relative to each other.

公开(公告)号：US09105369B2

公开(公告)日：2015-08-11

申请号：US13819764

申请日：2011-08-26

申请人： Thomas Koehler

发明人： Thomas Koehler

IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  G21K1/06 ,  A61B6/03 ,  G21K1/02 ,  G01N23/04

CPC分类号： G21K1/067 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/4035 ,  A61B6/4291 ,  A61B6/484 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G21K1/02 ,  G21K2207/005

摘要： The present invention relates to differential phase-contrast imaging of an object. For increasing spatial resolution of an X-ray imaging system (2) the size of a detector pixel element (8) may be considered a limiting factor. Accordingly, it may be beneficial to increase the resolution of an apparatus (38) for phase-contrast imaging without further reducing the area of an individual pixel element (8). Accordingly, an apparatus (38) for phase-contrast imaging with improved sampling is provided, comprising an X-ray source (4), a first grating element G1 (24), a second grating element G2 (26) and an X-ray detector element (6) comprising a plurality of detector pixel elements (8), each detector pixel element (8) having a pixel area A. An object to be imagined (14) is arrangeable between the X-ray source (4) and the X-ray detector element (6). The first grating element G1 (24) as well as the second grating element G2 (26) are arrangeable between the X-ray source (4) and the X-ray detector element (6). The X-ray source (4), the first grating element G1 (24), the second grating element G2 (26) and the X-ray detector (6) are operatively coupled for acquisition of a phase-contrast image of the object (14). At least one of the first grating element G1 (24) and the second grating element G2 (26) comprise a first area A1 having a first grating pitch p1 and a second area A2 having a second grating pitch p2 different from the first grating pitch.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及物体的差分相位对比成像。 为了增加X射线成像系统的空间分辨率（2），检测器像素元件（8）的尺寸可以被认为是限制因素。 因此，增加用于相位对比成像的装置（38）的分辨率可能是有益的，而不进一步减小单个像素元件（8）的面积。 因此，提供了一种用于具有改进采样的相位对比成像的装置（38），包括X射线源（4），第一光栅元件G1（24），第二光栅元件G2（26）和X射线 检测器元件（6）包括多个检测器像素元件（8），每个检测器像素元件（8）具有像素区域A.要想象的物体（14）可布置在X射线源（4）和 X射线检测元件（6）。 第一光栅元件G1（24）以及第二光栅元件G2（26）可布置在X射线源（X）和X射线探测元件（6）之间。 X射线源（4），第一光栅元件G1（24），第二光栅元件G2（26）和X射线检测器（6）可操作地耦合以获取对象的相位差图像 14）。 第一光栅元件G1（24）和第二光栅元件G2（26）中的至少一个包括具有第一光栅间距p1的第一区域A1和具有与第一光栅间距不同的第二光栅间距p2的第二区域A2。

公开(公告)号：US09084528B2

公开(公告)日：2015-07-21

申请号：US13514682

申请日：2010-12-03

申请人： Dieter Geller ,  Klaus Juergen Engel ,  Gereon Vogtmeier ,  Thomas Koehler ,  Ewald Roessl

发明人： Dieter Geller ,  Klaus Juergen Engel ,  Gereon Vogtmeier ,  Thomas Koehler ,  Ewald Roessl

IPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  A61B6/00

CPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/4291 ,  A61B6/4441 ,  A61B6/484

摘要： X-ray devices for Phase Contrast Imaging (PCI) are often built up with the help of gratings. For large field-of-views (FOV), production cost and complexity of these gratings could increase significantly as they need to have a focused geometry. Instead of a pure PCI with a large FOV, this invention suggests to combine a traditional absorption X-ray-imaging system with large-FOV with an insertable low-cost PCI system with small-FOV, The invention supports the user to direct the PCI system with reduced FOV to a region that he regards as most interesting for performing a PCI scan thus eliminating X-ray dose exposure for scanning regions not interesting for a radiologist. The PCI scan may be generated on the basis of local tomography.

摘要翻译： 用于相位对比成像（PCI）的X射线装置通常在光栅的帮助下构建。 对于大视野（FOV）来说，这些光栅的生产成本和复杂性可能会因为需要聚焦几何而显着增加。 本发明不是采用具有大FOV的纯PCI，而是将传统的吸收X射线成像系统与大型FOV结合，并具有小FOV的可插入低成本PCI系统。本发明支持用户指导PCI 系统将FOV降低到他认为对于执行PCI扫描最有趣的区域，从而消除了用于放射科医生不感兴趣的扫描区域的X射线剂量曝光。 可以基于局部断层摄影产生PCI扫描。

公开(公告)号：US09066649B2

公开(公告)日：2015-06-30

申请号：US13514383

申请日：2010-12-03

申请人： Ewald Roessl ,  Klaus Juergen Engel ,  Gereon Vogtmeier ,  Dieter Geller ,  Gerhard Martens ,  Sebastian Siegmund Schusser ,  Thomas Koehler

发明人： Ewald Roessl ,  Klaus Juergen Engel ,  Gereon Vogtmeier ,  Dieter Geller ,  Gerhard Martens ,  Sebastian Siegmund Schusser ,  Thomas Koehler

IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/03

CPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/4021 ,  A61B6/4092 ,  A61B6/4291 ,  A61B6/484

摘要： An X-ray image acquisition apparatus employing phase-contrast imaging with enlarged field of view includes an X-ray source, an X-ray detector element having a detector size, a beam splitter grating and an analyzer grating. An object is arrangeable between the X-ray source and detector. The beam splitter grating and the analyzer grating are arrangeable between the X-ray source and detector. The X-ray source, the beam splitter grating, the analyzer grating and the X-ray detector are operatively coupled such that a phase-contrast image of the object is obtainable. The apparatus is configure to acquire a phase-contrast image having a field of view larger than the detector size. The X-ray detector element is displaceable where, by the displacement of the X-ray detector, a phase-contrast image of the enlarged field of view is obtainable.

摘要翻译： 采用具有放大视场的相位对比成像的X射线图像获取装置包括X射线源，具有检测器尺寸的X射线检测器元件，分束器光栅和分析器光栅。 X射线源和检测器之间可以配置一个物体。 分束器光栅和分析器光栅可以在X射线源和检测器之间布置。 X射线源，分束器光栅，分析器光栅和X射线检测器可操作地耦合，使得可以获得物体的相差图像。 该装置被配置为获取具有大于检测器尺寸的视场的相位对比度图像。 X射线检测器元件可移动，其中通过X射线检测器的位移可以获得放大视场的相位对比图像。

公开(公告)号：US08966221B2

公开(公告)日：2015-02-24

申请号：US13165013

申请日：2011-06-21

申请人： Ute Gaertner ,  Thomas Koehler

发明人： Ute Gaertner ,  Thomas Koehler

IPC分类号： G06F12/00 ,  G06F13/00 ,  G06F12/10 ,  G06F12/08

CPC分类号： G06F12/1027 ,  G06F12/0855

摘要： A lookup operation is performed in a translation look aside buffer based on a first translation request as current translation request, wherein a respective absolute address is returned to a corresponding requestor for the first translation request as translation result in case of a hit. A translation engine is activated to perform at least one translation table fetch in case the current translation request does not hit an entry in the translation look aside buffer, wherein the translation engine is idle waiting for the at least one translation table fetch to return data, reporting the idle state of the translation engine as lookup under miss condition and accepting a currently pending translation request as second translation request, wherein a lookup under miss sequence is performed in the translation look aside buffer based on said second translation request.

摘要翻译： 在基于第一翻译请求的翻译旁边缓冲器中执行查找操作作为当前翻译请求，其中相应的绝对地址在命中情况下作为翻译结果返回给第一翻译请求的对应请求者。 翻译引擎被激活以执行至少一个转换表提取，以防当前转换请求没有到达翻译旁边缓冲器中的条目，其中翻译引擎空闲等待至少一个转换表提取返回数据， 将所述翻译引擎的空闲状态报告为在未命中条件下的查找，并接受当前待处理的转换请求作为第二转换请求，其中在所述翻译旁边缓冲器中基于所述第二翻译请求执行在未命中序列下的查找。

公开(公告)号：US08861674B2

公开(公告)日：2014-10-14

申请号：US13509840

申请日：2010-12-10

申请人： Thomas Koehler ,  Roland Proksa ,  Ewald Roessl

发明人： Thomas Koehler ,  Roland Proksa ,  Ewald Roessl

IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/03 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G06T11/00

CPC分类号： A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/469 ,  A61B6/542 ,  G01N23/046 ,  G01N2223/419 ,  G06T11/005 ,  Y10S378/901

摘要： The invention relates to a computed tomography apparatus for imaging an object. The computed tomography apparatus comprises a radiation source (2) for generating modulated radiation (4) traversing the object and a detector (6) for generating detection values depending on the radiation (4) after having traversed the object, while the radiation source (2) and the object are moved relative to each other. A weight providing unit (14) provides modulation weights for weighting the detection values depending on the modulation of the radiation (4) and a reconstruction unit (15) reconstructs an image of the object, wherein the detection values are weighted based on the provided modulation weights and an image of the object is reconstructed from the weighted detection values. This can allow to optimize the dose application to the object by modulating the radiation accordingly, wherein the reconstructed images still have a high quality.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于对物体成像的计算机断层摄影装置。 计算机断层摄影装置包括用于产生经过物体的调制辐射（4）的辐射源（2）和用于在穿过物体之后产生取决于辐射（4）的检测值的检测器（6），而辐射源 ）并且对象相对于彼此移动。 权重提供单元（14）根据辐射（4）的调制提供用于对检测值进行加权的调制权重，并且重建单元（15）重建对象的图像，其中基于所提供的调制对所述检测值进行加权 从加权检测值重建对象的权重和图像。 这可以通过相应地调节辐射来优化对物体的剂量应用，其中重建的图像仍然具有高质量。

公开(公告)号：US08666137B2

公开(公告)日：2014-03-04

申请号：US13390525

申请日：2010-09-01

申请人： Tim Nielsen ,  Thomas Koehler ,  Bernhard Brendel

发明人： Tim Nielsen ,  Thomas Koehler ,  Bernhard Brendel

IPC分类号： G06T5/00

CPC分类号： G06T11/005 ,  A61B6/5258 ,  G06T2211/412

摘要： The invention relates to a projection values processing apparatus (1) for processing acquired projection values. A first image is reconstructed from acquired projection values under consideration of a reconstruction assumption by a reconstruction unit (13). A simulated projection values determining unit (14) determines simulated projection values by simulating a projection through the reconstructed first image under consideration of the reconstruction assumption, and inconsistency values are determined for the acquired projection values by an inconsistency determining unit (15), wherein an inconsistency value is indicative of a degree of inconsistency of a respective acquired projection value with the reconstruction assumption, by comparing the acquired projection values and the simulated projection values. The inconsistency values can be used for different purposes, for example, improving the quality of a reconstructed image or indicating image elements being affected by an inconsistency between reconstruction assumption and acquired projection values.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于处理所获取的投影值的投影值处理装置（1）。 在由重建单元（13）考虑重建假设的情况下，从获取的投影值重建第一图像。 模拟投影值确定单元（14）通过在考虑重构假设的情况下模拟通过重构的第一图像的投影来确定模拟投影值，并且通过不一致性确定单元（15）为所获取的投影值确定不一致值，其中， 通过比较所获取的投影值和模拟投影值，不一致值表示相应的获得的投影值与重建假设的不一致程度。 不一致值可以用于不同的目的，例如，改善重建图像的质量或指示图像元素受到重建假设和所获取的投影值之间的不一致的影响。

公开(公告)号：US20130279778A1

公开(公告)日：2013-10-24

申请号：US13978166

申请日：2012-01-04

申请人： Peter Forthmann ,  Thomas Koehler

发明人： Peter Forthmann ,  Thomas Koehler

IPC分类号： G06T11/00

CPC分类号： G06T11/006 ,  G06T2211/416 ,  G06T2211/424

摘要： The invention relates to an imaging system for imaging an object. Projection data of the object are acquired by using a radiation source emitting primary radiation (14) from a primary focal spot (15) and unwanted secondary radiation (16) from secondary focal spots (17). A first image of the object is reconstructed from the acquired projection data, a forward projection of the secondary radiation through the first image is simulated for generating secondary projection data, and a second image is generated based on the acquired projection data and the secondary projection data. Since the secondary projection data, which can generally cause image artifacts, are determined, the reconstruction unit can consider these unwanted secondary projection data while reconstructing the second image, in order to reduce the influence of the secondary projection data on the reconstructed second image, thereby improving the image quality.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于对物体成像的成像系统。 通过使用从主焦点（15）发射主要辐射（14）的辐射源和来自次焦点（17）的不期望的次级辐射（16））来获取对象的投影数据。 从获取的投影数据重建物体的第一图像，模拟通过第一图像的次级辐射的向前投影用于产生二次投影数据，并且基于所获取的投影数据和二次投影数据生成第二图像 。 由于确定了通常可以引起图像伪影的二次投影数据，所以重建单元可以在重构第二图像的同时考虑这些不需要的二次投影数据，以便减少二次投影数据对重构的第二图像的影响，由此 提高图像质量。

公开(公告)号：US20130251286A1

公开(公告)日：2013-09-26

申请号：US13990450

申请日：2011-11-25

申请人： Bernhard Johannes Brendel ,  Thomas Koehler ,  Holger Schmitt ,  Rolf Dieter Bippus ,  Roland Proksa

发明人： Bernhard Johannes Brendel ,  Thomas Koehler ,  Holger Schmitt ,  Rolf Dieter Bippus ,  Roland Proksa

IPC分类号： G06T11/00

CPC分类号： G06T11/003 ,  G06T11/006 ,  G06T2211/424

摘要： A method includes reconstructing measured projection data using an iterative statistical reconstruction algorithm that reduces image artifact caused by differences in variances in projections of the measured projection data used to update a voxel of the image for one or more voxels of the image. A reconstructor includes a processor that reconstructs measured projection data using an iterative statistical reconstruction algorithm that reduces or mitigates image artifact caused by differences in variances in projections used to update a voxel of the image for one or more voxels of the image. A computer readable storage medium encoded with computer executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor of a computer, cause the processor to: reduce image artifact caused by differences in variances in projections used to update a voxel of an image for one or more voxels of the image using an iterative statistical reconstruction algorithm.

摘要翻译： 一种方法包括使用迭代统计重建算法来重建测量的投影数据，所述迭代统计重构算法减少由用于更新图像的一个或多个体素的图像的体素的测量投影数据的投影方差的差异引起的图像伪像。 重构器包括使用迭代统计重建算法来重建测量的投影数据的处理器，其减少或减轻由用于更新图像的一个或多个体素的图像的体素的投影方差的差异引起的图像伪像。 一种用计算机可执行指令编码的计算机可读存储介质，其在由计算机的处理器执行时使处理器能够：减少由用于更新一个或多个体素的图像的体素的投影差异的差异引起的图像伪像 的图像使用迭代统计重建算法。