公开(公告)号：US4280890A

公开(公告)日：1981-07-28

申请号：US130453

申请日：1980-03-14

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Wolf-Dieter Haecker ,  Burkhard Pfeiffer

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Wolf-Dieter Haecker ,  Burkhard Pfeiffer

IPC分类号： G01N27/409 ,  B05D1/34 ,  C23C4/00 ,  G01N27/407 ,  H01M4/90 ,  H01M8/1213 ,  G01N27/58

CPC分类号： G01N27/4077 ,  H01M8/1213 ,  H01M4/9025 ,  H01M4/9033 ,  H01M4/905 ,  H01M4/9066 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： To decrease the quantity of catalytically active noble metal used in a Cermet (ceramic-metal) electrode, particularly one containing platinum, the electrode has a non-uniform noble metal concentration, with respect to its cross section, so that the outer region thereof consists essentially only of ceramic material, protecting the softer noble metal which is subject to erosion, and permitting a higher concentration of noble metal close to the solid electrolyte body where it is most needed. This type of electrode can be applied, for example, by concurrent spraying of an aqueous suspension of noble metal-and-ceramic from one nozzle, and a suspension of only ceramic from another nozzle, and varying the throughput through the two nozzles, first only spraying the metal-ceramic mixture and then starting the ceramic-only suspension while decreasing the mixture suspension until only ceramic material is sprayed; in accordance with another method, the solid electrolyte body can, for example, be dipped in sequential suspensions or have sequential suspensions applied thereto by dripping-on, painting-on, or the like. The electrode and the solid electrolyte body, for example zirconium dioxide, are then sintered.

摘要翻译： 为了减少在金属陶瓷（陶瓷 - 金属）电极中使用的催化活性贵金属的量，特别是含铂的电极，相对于其横截面，电极具有不均匀的贵金属浓度，使得其外部区域 基本上只有陶瓷材料，保护被腐蚀的较软的贵金属，并允许更接近固体电解质体的最高浓度的贵金属。 这种类型的电极可以例如通过从一个喷嘴同时喷射贵金属和陶瓷的水性悬浮液和仅来自另一个喷嘴的陶瓷的悬浮液并且通过两个喷嘴改变通过量首先应用 喷涂金属陶瓷混合物，然后启动仅陶瓷的悬浮液，同时减少混合物悬浮液，直到只喷涂陶瓷材料; 根据另一种方法，固体电解质体可以例如浸渍在连续悬浮液中，或者通过滴加，喷涂等施用于其上的顺序悬浮液。 然后烧结电极和固体电解质体，例如二氧化锆。

公开(公告)号：US4265724A

公开(公告)日：1981-05-05

申请号：US54784

申请日：1979-07-05

申请人： Wolf-Dieter Haecker ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Bernhard Topp

发明人： Wolf-Dieter Haecker ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Bernhard Topp

IPC分类号： G01N27/409 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/413 ,  G01N27/58

CPC分类号： G01N27/4075

摘要： To improve adhesion of a porous cover layer over a platinum or platinum-rhodium electrode layer on a solid electrolyte body, for example of stabilized zirconium dioxide, the electrode layer is applied in form of interrupted, adjacent strips leaving gaps exposing the solid electrolyte body therebeneath. The porous cover layer will adhere well to the solid electrolyte body, thus protecting both the electrode and the cover layer against flaking off under high-temperature and temperature variation conditions. The sensitivity can be improved by interposing a layer of ceramic mixed with platinum or a platinum rhodium between the solid electrolyte body and at least some of the electrode strips, the adhesion of the porous cover layer over the interposed thick-film layer, where exposed between the portions of the electrode on the solid electrolyte body being sufficient for the intended purpose.

摘要翻译： 为了改善多孔覆盖层在固体电解质体上的铂或铂 - 铑电极层上的粘附性，例如稳定的二氧化锆，电极层以间断的相邻条带的形式施加，留下暴露其下的固体电解质体的间隙 。 多孔覆盖层将很好地粘附到固体电解质体上，从而在高温和温度变化条件下保护电极和覆盖层免于剥落。 可以通过在固体电解质体和至少一些电极条之间插入与铂或铂铑混合的陶瓷层，在多孔覆盖层附着在所插入的厚膜层上，其中暴露在 固体电解质体上的电极部分足以达到预定目的。

公开(公告)号：US4283441A

公开(公告)日：1981-08-11

申请号：US98708

申请日：1979-11-29

申请人： Wolf-Dieter Haecker ,  Karl-Hermann Friese

发明人： Wolf-Dieter Haecker ,  Karl-Hermann Friese

IPC分类号： G01N27/409 ,  C04B35/00 ,  C04B35/486 ,  C04B35/71 ,  C23C24/08 ,  C25B9/00 ,  C25B11/00 ,  G01N27/406 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/41 ,  H01M4/36 ,  H01M8/12 ,  B05D5/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/4075 ,  C04B35/486 ,  H01M8/12 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： To increase the response speed and sensitivity, while providing higher output voltages and permitting higher loading of the electrodes of gas sensors, particularly exhaust gas sensors to determine the transition of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines between reducing and oxidizing state, the sintering activity of the electrode which, typically, a cermet electrode, is selected to be less than that of the solid electrolyte body so that the resulting pore structure will be more open than that of the solid electrolyte body. The electrodes, essentially, consist of finely divided ceramic material, such as zirconium oxide, and finely divided electron conductive material such as platinum. On the pre-sintered solid electrolyte body, a mixture of the ceramic and the electron conductive material is applied in which the ceramic of the lattice support structure for the cermet electrode is less sinter-active than the ceramic of the solid electrolyte body, resulting in the improved pore structure of the cermet electrode layer.

摘要翻译： 为了提高响应速度和灵敏度，同时提供更高的输出电压并且允许气体传感器，特别是废气传感器的电极的更高负载以确定来自内燃机的还原和氧化状态之间的废气的转变， 通常选择金属陶瓷电极的电极小于固体电解质体的电极，使得所得到的孔结构将比固体电解质体更开放。 电极基本上由精细分散的陶瓷材料（例如氧化锆）和微细的电子传导材料（例如铂）组成。 在预烧结固体电解质体上，应用陶瓷和电子传导材料的混合物，其中用于金属陶瓷电极的晶格支撑结构的陶瓷比固体电解质体的陶瓷烧结活性低，导致 改善金属陶瓷电极层的孔结构。

公开(公告)号：US4276142A

公开(公告)日：1981-06-30

申请号：US57253

申请日：1979-07-12

申请人： Bernhard Topp ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Wolf-Dieter Haecker

发明人： Bernhard Topp ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Wolf-Dieter Haecker

IPC分类号： G01N27/409 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/413 ,  H01M8/12 ,  G01N27/58 ,  B05D5/12 ,  C23C15/00

CPC分类号： G01N27/4075 ,  H01M4/9058 ,  H01M4/9066

摘要： To increase the sensitivity of internal combustion engine exhaust gas sensors, which provide a voltage jump output upon transition of the composition of the exhaust between reducing and oxidizing state, and to maintain the porosity of a platinum, or platinum metal alloy layer forming an electrode on a body of zirconium dioxide, the electrode or electrode layer has dispersed therein an oxide or a carbide of a metal which impedes or inhibits recrystallization at the temperatures to which the sensor is exposed, for example 1000.degree. C., typically zirconium, titanium, tantalum, niobium, aluminum or thorium oxide, or titanium or tantalum carbide, applied, for example, by sequential vaporization of platinum or a platinum metal alloy and the respective metal forming the oxide, in an atmosphere containing residual oxygen, and then oxidizing the remaining metal being applied; or by simultaneous application of a carbide and platinum, for example during simultaneous cathodic atomization, or electron beam vaporization of the respective materials, to form a porous electrode layer of about 2-3 .mu.m thickness, containing approximately 5-40 mol-% of the recrystallization-inhibiting material and having a square resistance not exceeding 20 ohm-square resistance.

摘要翻译： 为了提高内燃机废气传感器的灵敏度，其在还原和氧化状态之间的排气组成转变时提供电压跳跃输出，并且保持形成电极的铂或铂金属合金层的孔隙率 一个二氧化锆体，电极或电极层已经分散有氧化物或金属的碳化物，其在传感器暴露的温度下阻止或抑制再结晶，例如1000℃，通常为锆，钛，钽 ，铌，铝或氧化钍，或钛或碳化钽，例如通过在含有残余氧气的气氛中铂铂或铂金属合金和形成氧化物的相应金属的顺序蒸发，然后氧化剩余的金属 被应用 或者通过同时施加碳化物和铂，例如在同时阴极雾化或各种材料的电子束汽化过程中，形成大约2-3μm厚度的多孔电极层，其含有约5-40mol％的 该重结晶抑制材料具有不超过20欧姆方形电阻的方形电阻。

公开(公告)号：US20080269043A1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-30

申请号：US11667867

申请日：2005-11-09

申请人： Thomas Wahl ,  Ulrich Eisele ,  Thomas Koehler ,  Bernd Schumann ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Juergen Sindel ,  Stefan Nufer ,  Frank Buse

发明人： Thomas Wahl ,  Ulrich Eisele ,  Thomas Koehler ,  Bernd Schumann ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Juergen Sindel ,  Stefan Nufer ,  Frank Buse

IPC分类号： C04B35/10

CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 ,  C04B35/117 ,  C04B2235/3205 ,  C04B2235/3215 ,  C04B2235/3222 ,  C04B2235/3239 ,  C04B2235/3244 ,  C04B2235/3248 ,  C04B2235/3418 ,  C04B2235/3472 ,  C04B2235/447 ,  C04B2235/80 ,  G01N27/4067

摘要： A ceramic insulating material, in particular for sensor elements for determining the concentration of gas components in gas mixtures, is based on an alkaline earth-containing ceramic. The insulating material contains a hexaaluminate of the alkaline earth metal and at least one mixed compound of the alkaline earth metal with an acid oxide, the molar ratio of hexaaluminate to the sum of mixed compounds in the insulating material being 1.3 to 4.0.

摘要翻译： 特别是用于确定气体混合物中气体组分浓度的传感器元件的陶瓷绝缘材料是基于含碱土金属陶瓷的。 绝缘材料包含碱土金属的六铝酸盐和碱土金属与酸性氧化物的至少一种混合化合物，六铝酸盐与绝缘材料中混合化合物的总和的摩尔比为1.3〜4.0。

公开(公告)号：US6018982A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-01

申请号：US51099

申请日：1998-05-26

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Helmut Weyl ,  Anton Hans

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Helmut Weyl ,  Anton Hans

IPC分类号： G01N27/409 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/26

CPC分类号： G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/4076

摘要： A Lambda probe type gas sensor for use in determining the oxygen content of exhaust gases produced by an internal combustion engine includes a sensor element of the electrochemical, solid electrolyte, metallic oxide semiconductor or Lambda air-fuel ratio variety, which sensor element is arranged in a metallic housing and is contacted by connecting cables that are brought out of the metallic housing. These connecting cables are each surrounded by cable insulation that is made of PTFE (Polytetra-fluoroethylene). The surface of the cable insulation has, at least in certain areas, a gas-permeable section that allows a reference atmosphere to arrive inside the cable insulation and, from there, in the metallic housing. The gas-permeable section, on the other hand, prevents ingress of liquids such as fuel, condensed water, etc., This is achieved, for example, by an additionally applied, PTFE film that is placed over the gas-permeable section.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE97 / 01562 Sec。 371日期：1998年5月26日 102（e）日期1998年5月26日PCT提交1997年7月24日PCT公布。 第WO98 / 05951号公报 日期1998年2月12日用于确定由内燃机产生的废气的氧含量的λ探针型气体传感器包括电化学，固体电解质，金属氧化物半导体或λ空气燃料比品种的传感器元件，其中 传感器元件布置在金属壳体中并且通过连接从金属壳体外出的电缆而接触。 这些连接电缆各自被由PTFE（聚四氟乙烯）制成的电缆绝缘体包围。 电缆绝缘体的表面至少在某些区域中具有允许参考气氛到达电缆绝缘体内部并且从那里到达金属外壳的透气部分。 另一方面，透气部防止了诸如燃料，冷凝水等的液体的进入，例如通过设置在透气部上的附加的PTFE膜来实现。

公开(公告)号：US5846391A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-08

申请号：US836425

申请日：1997-04-29

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Helmut Weyl ,  Hans-Martin Wiedenmann ,  Anton Hans

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Helmut Weyl ,  Hans-Martin Wiedenmann ,  Anton Hans

IPC分类号： G01N27/409 ,  G01N27/407

CPC分类号： G01N27/4078

摘要： A seal for a sensor element for a gas sensor for determining the oxygen content in a gas to be measured including exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, the seal including a metallic housing having defined therein a longitudinal bore; a sensor element inserted into the longitudinal bore; and a sealing arrangement provided in the longitudinal bore, surrounding at least a portion of the sensor element, and comprised of at least one seal element comprised of steatite and an additional seal element comprised of boron nitride arranged in contact with one another and in a stack having a side near the gas to be measured so that, when there is one seal element comprised of steatite, the one seal element comprised of steatite is positioned on the side of the stack near the gas to be measured, and so that, when there are two seal elements comprised of steatite, the additional seal element is positioned between the two seal elements comprised of steatite, wherein the at least one seal element comprised of steatite and the additional seal element comprised of boron nitride are inserted into the longitudinal bore of the housing as deformable rings and are pressed-in therein, and wherein, during the pressing-in, the deformable rings are deformed in such a way that the at least one seal element comprised of steatite and the additional seal element comprised of boron nitride are pushed against the sensor element and the housing.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE96 / 00567 Sec。 371日期1997年04月29日 102（e）日期1997年4月29日PCT 1996年3月21日PCT公布。 公开号WO97 / 08542 日期1997年3月6日用于气体传感器的传感器元件的密封件，用于确定包括内燃机废气的待测气体中的氧含量，所述密封件包括金属壳体，其中限定有纵向孔; 插入纵向孔中的传感器元件; 以及设置在所述纵向孔中的密封装置，围绕所述传感器元件的至少一部分，并且包括至少一个由滑石组成的密封元件和由氮化硼组成的另外的密封元件，所述氮化硼彼此接触并且在堆叠 具有靠近要测量的气体的一侧，使得当存在由滑石组成的一个密封元件时，由滑石组成的一个密封元件位于靠近待测量气体的堆叠侧，并且当那里 是由滑石组成的两个密封元件，附加的密封元件位于由滑石组成的两个密封元件之间，其中由滑石组成的至少一个密封元件和由氮化硼组成的另外的密封元件被插入到 壳体作为可变形环并被压入其中，并且其中，在压入期间，可变形环以这样的方式变形，使得至少一个 由滑石组成的气体元件和由氮化硼组成的另外的密封元件被推靠在传感器元件和壳体上。

公开(公告)号：US5795454A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-18

申请号：US569074

申请日：1995-12-04

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Helmut Weyl ,  Romuald Fries ,  Hans-Martin Wiedenmann ,  Anton Hans

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Helmut Weyl ,  Romuald Fries ,  Hans-Martin Wiedenmann ,  Anton Hans

IPC分类号： G01N27/409 ,  G01N27/12 ,  G01N27/407 ,  F16J15/14

CPC分类号： G01N27/4078 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/4077 ,  Y10S277/936 ,  Y10S277/938 ,  Y10S277/939 ,  Y10S277/941 ,  Y10S277/943

摘要： A seal for a sensor element of a gas sensor for determining the oxygen content in gases including exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, which seal seals the sensor element in a longitudinal bore of a housing, the seal including a sealing stack which is positioned within the longitudinal bore of the housing and around the sensor element in use and which is comprised of two sealing bodies and an additional seal positioned between the two sealing bodies. The two sealing bodies are comprised of a pre-sintered ceramic material. The additional seal is comprised of a pre-pressed powder material and has a porosity which is lower than that of the two sealing bodies. The two sealing bodies and the additional seal are compressed together within the longitudinal bore in use, whereby at least the additional seal is deformed so that the sensor element is sealed in a gap-free manner within the longitudinal bore. The pre-pressed powder material of the additional seal may consist essentially of a ductile metal, which may be one of nickel or copper, or graphite which may be fiber-reinforced.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE94 / 00537 Sec。 371 1995年12月4日第 102（e）日期1995年12月4日PCT 1994年5月11日PCT公布。 公开号WO94 / 29710 日期1994年12月22日用于确定包括内燃机的废气在内的气体中的氧含量的气体传感器的传感器元件的密封件，该密封件将传感器元件密封在壳体的纵向孔中，所述密封件包括密封件 堆叠，其位于壳体的纵向孔内并且在使用中围绕传感器元件，并且由两个密封体和位于两个密封体之间的附加密封件组成。 两个密封体由预烧结的陶瓷材料组成。 附加密封件由预压粉末材料组成，并且具有低于两个密封体的孔隙率。 两个密封体和附加密封件在使用中在纵向孔内压缩在一起，由此至少附加的密封件变形，使得传感器元件以无间隙的方式密封在纵向孔内。 附加密封件的预压粉末材料可以由可以是镍或铜之一的延性金属或可以是纤维增强的石墨组成。

公开(公告)号：US5172466A

公开(公告)日：1992-12-22

申请号：US715798

申请日：1991-06-14

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Hans-Martin Wiedenmann ,  Gunther Stecher

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Hans-Martin Wiedenmann ,  Gunther Stecher

IPC分类号： G01K7/16 ,  G01J5/02 ,  G01J5/20 ,  G01K7/18 ,  G01K7/22 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/417 ,  H01C1/024 ,  H01C1/034 ,  H01C7/02

CPC分类号： G01K7/183 ,  H01C7/021 ,  Y10T29/49085

摘要： A PTC temperature sensor and a process for producing PTC temperature sensing elements from ceramic films for a PTC temperature sensor are proposed. The PTC temperature sensing elements are so designed that the PTC resistor track is hermetically encapsulated with respect to the gas being measured and the ambient air. Ceramic films based on an insulator ceramic, in particular based on Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and ceramic films based on a solid electrolyte can be used to produce the temperature sensing elements. The PTC temperature sensor according to the invention is distinguished, in particular, by the fact that, while the manufacturing procedure is cheap, it is not subject to aging due to the effect of varying O.sub.2 partial pressures, has a high resistance to aging of the resistance characteristic in rich and lean gas mixtures, for example in motor vehicle exhaust gases, at 300.degree.-1000.degree. C. and has a construction free from extraneous potential, is characterized by short response times owning to its low heat capacity and is suitable for incorportion in very narrow housing as a consequence of small dimensions.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种用于PTC温度传感器的PTC温度传感器和用于从陶瓷膜生产PTC温度传感元件的工艺。 PTC温度感测元件被设计成使得PTC电阻轨道相对于被测量的气体和环境空气被气密地封装。 可以使用基于绝缘体陶瓷，特别是基于Al 2 O 3的陶瓷膜和基于固体电解质的陶瓷膜来制造温度感测元件。 根据本发明的PTC温度传感器的特征在于，特别是由于制造过程便宜，由于变化的O2分压的影响，其不会老化，因此具有高耐老化性 富含和贫气混合物的阻力特性，例如在机动车排气中，在300°-1000℃，具有无外力的结构，其特征在于具有低热容量的响应时间短，适用于 由于小尺寸，狭窄房屋的配额不合。

公开(公告)号：US5142266A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-25

申请号：US466286

申请日：1990-03-26

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Gunther Stecher ,  Hans-Martin Wiedenmann

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Gunther Stecher ,  Hans-Martin Wiedenmann

IPC分类号： G01K7/16 ,  G01K7/22 ,  G01N27/406 ,  G01N27/416 ,  H01C7/04

CPC分类号： H01C7/043 ,  G01K7/223 ,  G01N27/4067

摘要： The NTC temperature sensor includes a NTC temperature sensing element having an NTC resistor and made of a laminated composite of ceramic films, which is so designed that the ambient air or oxygen supplied by electrolytic pumping has free access, via a channel in the laminated composite, to the NTC resistor. The NTC resistor is hermetically sealed from a gas being measured. Solid electrolyte films which conduct O.sup.-2 ions, and films based on Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 can be used to make the laminated composite. The NTC resistor characteristic curve is independent of the composition of the gas being measured. The laminated composite can be formed of at least three solid electrolyte ceramic films including a base film provided with punched-out interconnection holes and conductor tracks printed by thick film technology, an intermediate film having a punched-out channel and a channel enlargement around the ends of the conductor tracks forming the electrodes of the NTC resistor, and a covering film.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE88 / 00528 Sec。 371 1990年3月26日第 102（e）1990年3月26日PCT PCT公布1988年8月30日PCT。 出版物WO89 / 03115 日期2004年4月6日。NTC温度传感器包括NTC温度感测元件，其具有NTC电阻器并由陶瓷膜的层压复合材料制成，其被设计成使得通过电解泵送供应的环境空气或氧气可以自由通过， 一个通道在叠层复合材料中，到NTC电阻。 NTC电阻器与被测气体气密密封。 可以使用导电O-2离子的固体电解质膜和基于Al2O3的膜来制备层压复合材料。 NTC电阻特性曲线与被测气体的组成无关。 层压复合体可以由至少三个固体电解质陶瓷膜形成，该固体电解质陶瓷膜包括设置有冲孔互连孔的底膜和通过厚膜技术印刷的导体轨迹，具有冲压通道的中间膜和在端部周围的通道放大 的形成NTC电阻器的电极的导体轨迹以及覆盖膜。