摘要:
A ferrite carrier core material for electrophotography having a homogeneous composition, a certain surface property, a favorable fluidity, a high magnetization and a low resistance, and a ferrite carrier for electrophotography methods for producing them, and an electrophotographic developer using the ferrite carrier-core material, which exhibits a fast charge rising and a stable charge quantity with time, are provided. A ferrite carrier core material for electrophotography whose surface is divided by grooves or streaks into 2 to 50 regions per 10 μm and which has a manganese ferrite as a main component, and a method for producing the ferrite carrier core material for electrophotography using an Fe—Mn composite oxide as the raw material, and a method for producing a ferrite carrier for electrophotography are employed.
摘要:
Objects of the present invention are to provide a carrier core material for an electrophotographic developer having a true spherical shape and excellent strength, and a controllable true density and/or apparent density, and a method for manufacturing the carrier core material, a carrier and a method for manufacturing the carrier, and an electrophotographic developer using the carrier. In order to achieve the objects, there are employed a carrier core material for an electrophotographic developer, containing 3 to 100% by number of hollow particles having an iron content of 36 to 78% by weight, and a carrier for an electrophotographic developer, obtained by coating a resin on a surface of the carrier core material, and methods for manufacturing these, and an electrophotographic developer using the carrier.
摘要:
There are adopted: a carrier core material for an electrophotographic developer, including Mg, Ti and Fe as main components, and containing Fe, Mg and Ti in contents of 52 to 66% by weight, 3 to 12% by weight and 0.2 to 12% by weight, respectively; an electrophotographic developer carrier prepared by coating with a resin the surface of the carrier core material; and an electrophotographic developer using the carrier.
摘要:
There are adopted: a carrier core material for an electrophotographic developer, including Mg, Ti and Fe as main components, and containing Fe, Mg and Ti in contents of 52 to 66% by weight, 3 to 12% by weight and 0.2 to 12% by weight, respectively; an electrophotographic developer carrier prepared by coating with a resin the surface of the carrier core material; and an electrophotographic developer using the carrier.
摘要:
The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for producing a silicon semiconductor single crystal which can stabilize and homogenize an amount of precipitated oxygen in the direction of the crystal growth axis when growing a silicon semiconductor single crystal. The apparatus for producing a silicon semiconductor single crystal by the Czochralski method comprises a main growth furnace having a crucible retaining silicon melt disposed therein for growing a silicon semiconductor single crystal, and an upper growth furnace for housing therein and cooling the silicon semiconductor single crystal pulled from the silicon melt, wherein the upper growth furnace communicated to a ceiling section of the main growth furnace is provided with an upper insulating member for surrounding a pulled silicon semiconductor single crystal.
摘要:
Provided is an SiGe crystal having an improved performance index and excellent machinability as a material constituting a thermoelectric element, neither degradation in characteristics nor cracking occurring during use. Crystal grains forming the crystal are 5×10−5 mm3 or more in size.
摘要翻译:提供具有改进的性能指数和作为构成热电元件的材料的优良机械加工性的SiGe晶体,在使用过程中既不降低特性也不发生开裂。 形成晶体的晶粒尺寸为5×10 -5 mm 3以上。
摘要:
Object of the present invention is to provide a resin-coated carrier for an electrophotographic developer with reduced carrier weight, carrier beads carry over is prevented, and further, excellent in carrier strength and stable charging property in endurance printing. To achieve the object, the carrier having a coated resin layer on the surface of a porous ferrite core material and the pore volume and the peak pore size of the porous ferrite core material are 55 to 160 mm3/g and 0.2 to 0.7 μm, respectively, and an electrophotographic developer using the resin-coated carrier is adopted.
摘要:
A silicon wafer is produced by growing a silicon single crystal ingot having a resistivity of 100 &OHgr;·cm or more and an initial interstitial oxygen concentration of 10 to 25 ppma by the Czochralski method, processing the silicon single crystal ingot into a wafer, and subjecting the wafer to an oxygen precipitation heat treatment so that a residual interstitial oxygen concentration in the wafer should become 8 ppma or less. A silicon wafer produced as described above shows little decrease in resistivity even after a heat treatment in device production etc. Further, if a silicon wafer is produced and heat-treated so that the wafer should have the above-defined initial interstitial oxygen concentration and residual interstitial oxygen concentration, slip dislocations in a subsequent heat treatment process are prevented irrespective of resistivity. Furthermore, by forming an epitaxial layer on a surface of a silicon wafer of the present invention, a high resistivity epitaxial wafer can be produced, which is free from slip dislocations etc. and can be used for various devices.
摘要:
There is provided a quartz glass crucible for pulling a silicon single crystal and a production process for the crucible, wherein an inner surface of the crucible is crystallized without addition of impurities during pulling a silicon single crystal, thereby impurities serving as causes of crystal defects being not incorporated into the silicon single crystal, so that deterioration of its inner surface is suppressed to improve a crystallization ratio, and accordingly productivity of the quartz glass crucible as well as a quality of the silicon single crystal is improved, and the quartz glass crucible for pulling a silicon single crystal comprises a crucible base body (3) made of a translucent quartz glass layer and a synthetic quartz glass layer (4) formed on an inner wall surface of the crucible base body (3), wherein a portion encircled by a brown ring on an inner surface of the quartz glass crucible is uniformly crystallized during pulling the silicon single crystal.
摘要:
There can be provided according to the present invention a silicon single crystal produced according to Czochralski method to which Ga (gallium) is added as a dopant characterized in that a resistivity is 5&OHgr;.cm to 0.1&OHgr;.cm and a method for producing a silicon single crystal to which Ga (gallium) is added as a dopant according to Czochralski method characterized in that Ga is added in a silicon melt in a crucible, a seed crystal is brought into contact with the silicon melt and is pulled with rotating to grow a silicon single crystal ingot. Thereby, a silicon single crystal and silicon single crystal wafer and a method for producing them that can produce a solar cell characterized in that photo-degradation is not caused even in the single crystal having high oxygen concentration and a conversion efficiency of optical energy is very high.