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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4551400A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-05
申请号：US601641
申请日：1984-04-17
IPC分类号： C01B3/00 , C22C19/03 , C22C27/02 , H01M4/24 , H01M4/26 , H01M4/38 , H01M10/30 , H01M10/34 , H01M4/36 , H01M6/24
CPC分类号： C22C19/03 , C01B3/0031 , C01B3/0078 , C22C27/025 , H01M10/345 , H01M4/242 , H01M4/383 , Y02E60/327 , Y10S420/90
摘要： The present invention provides novel active materials which reversibly store hydrogen under conditions which make them exceptionally well-suited for elecrochemical applications. These active materials have both novel compositions and structures. A first group of active material compositions incorporate the elements of titanium, vanadium, and nickel. A second group adds zirconium to the first group of active materials. A preferred third composition group adds chromium to the first group of active materials. These materials may be single or multiphase combinations of amorphous, microcrystalline, or polycrystalline structures. Preferably, these materials have a multiphase polycrystalline structure. Methods of reducing the size or of sizing these materials, as well as other hydride-forming alloys, also are provided. Methods of preparing the inventive hydrogen storage materials and fabricating electrodes from these active materials are contemplated. Electrochemical cells and batteries assembled with the inventive electrodes provide significantly improved capacity and cycle life.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了在使得它们非常适合于电化学应用的条件下可逆地储存氢气的新型活性物质。 这些活性物质具有新的组成和结构。 第一组活性材料组合物包含钛，钒和镍的元素。 第二组将锆添加到第一组活性材料中。 优选的第三组合物组将铬添加到第一组活性材料中。 这些材料可以是非晶，微晶或多晶结构的单相或多相组合。 优选地，这些材料具有多相多晶结构。 还提供了减小尺寸或调整这些材料的方法，以及其它氢化物形成合金。 预期制备本发明的储氢材料并从这些活性材料制造电极的方法。 与本发明电极组装的电化学电池和电池提供显着改善的容量和循环寿命。
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公开(公告)号：US4431561A
公开(公告)日：1984-02-14
申请号：US372665
申请日：1982-04-28
CPC分类号： C01B3/0078 , C01B3/0026 , C01B3/0031 , Y02E60/327 , Y10S420/90
摘要： A material for reversibly storing hydrogen is formed from a lightweight matrix which is chemically and structurally modified to improve its hydrogen storage properties. The utilization of a material which can be any of a number of different disordered structures makes possible the modification of local order chemical environments of the material to increase hydrogen storage capacity and/or improve absorption and desorption properties. Lightweight modifier elements structurally modify the local chemical environments of the matrix to provide a material having an increased density of storage sites to increase hydrogen storage capacity. Transition and rare earth modifier elements structurally modify the local chemical environments to provide a material with an increased density of catalytically active sites for dissociating hydrogen molecules to increase the rate at which hydrogen absorption and desorption can be accomplished. The transition and rare earth modifier elements also structurally modify local order chemical environments to provide sites which store hydrogen atoms at lower bond energies to significantly reduce hydrogen desorption temperatures.
摘要翻译： 用于可逆地储存氢的材料由化学和结构改性以改善其储氢性质的轻质基体形成。 可以使用可以是多种不同无序结构中的任何一种的材料使得可以改变材料的局部顺序化学环境以增加储氢能力和/或改善吸收和解吸性能。 轻质改性剂元素结构上改变基质的局部化学环境，以提供具有增加的储存位置密度以增加储氢容量的材料。 过渡和稀土改性剂元件结构上改变局部化学环境，以提供具有增加的用于解离氢分子的催化活性位点的密度的材料，以提高可以实现氢吸收和解吸的速率。 过渡和稀土改性剂元素还在结构上改变局部顺序化学环境以提供在较低键能下存储氢原子的位点，以显着降低氢解吸温度。
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公开(公告)号：US06920873B2
公开(公告)日：2005-07-26
申请号：US10660252
申请日：2003-09-11
CPC分类号： C22C23/00 , C01B3/0005 , C01B3/08 , C22C14/00 , F24V30/00 , Y02E60/324 , Y02E60/36
摘要： A portable heating pack utilizing a supercorroding metallic alloy that produces heat and gaseous hydrogen upon contacting a corroding liquid. The portable heating pack provides for the consumption and/or storage of the gaseous hydrogen rather than venting the gaseous hydrogen from the portable heating pack.
摘要翻译： 一种便携式加热包，其使用超级腐蚀性金属合金，其在接触腐蚀液体时产生热和气态氢。 便携式加热包提供了气态氢的消耗和/或储存，而不是从便携式加热包中排出气态氢。
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4.发明授权Robust metal hydride hydrogen storage system with metal hydride support structure 失效坚固的金属氢化物氢存储系统，具有金属氢化物支撑结构
公开(公告)号：US5778972A
公开(公告)日：1998-07-14
申请号：US623497
申请日：1996-03-28
CPC分类号： C01B3/0005 , Y02E60/324
摘要： A modular metal hydride hydrogen storage system which can provide a robust and reliable source of hydrogen that can quickly and easily be modified for a variety of applications and environments. The hydrogen storage system comprises at least one storage module. Each storage module comprises a container having at least one open end, a metal hydride hydrogen storage means, means for introducing gaseous hydrogen into and withdrawing gaseous hydrogen from the container, and means for connecting storage modules together end-to-end to form a plurality of storage modules.
摘要翻译： 一种模块化金属氢化物氢存储系统，可以提供强大可靠的氢源，可以为各种应用和环境快速，轻松地进行修改。 氢存储系统包括至少一个存储模块。 每个存储模块包括具有至少一个开放端的容器，金属氢化物氢存储装置，用于将气态氢引入并从容器中排出气态氢的装置，以及用于将存储模块一端连接以形成多个的装置 的存储模块。
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公开(公告)号：US5697221A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-16
申请号：US569487
申请日：1995-12-08
CPC分类号： F17C1/00 , F17C11/00 , Y02E60/321 , Y02E60/327
摘要： A modular metal hydride hydrogen storage system which can provide a robust and reliable source of hydrogen that can quickly and easily be modified for a variety of applications and environments. The hydrogen storage system comprises at least one storage module. Each storage module comprises a container for storing metal hydride and gaseous hydrogen, and an adapter for connecting storage modules together end-to-end to form a connected sequence of storage modules.
摘要翻译： 一种模块化金属氢化物氢存储系统，可以提供强大可靠的氢源，可以为各种应用和环境快速，轻松地进行修改。 氢存储系统包括至少一个存储模块。 每个存储模块包括用于存储金属氢化物和气态氢的容器，以及用于将存储模块端对端连接以形成连接的存储模块序列的适配器。
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公开(公告)号：US20050056269A1
公开(公告)日：2005-03-17
申请号：US10660252
申请日：2003-09-11
CPC分类号： C22C23/00 , C01B3/0005 , C01B3/08 , C22C14/00 , F24V30/00 , Y02E60/324 , Y02E60/36
摘要： A portable heating pack utilizing a supercorroding metallic alloy that produces heat and gaseous hydrogen upon contacting a corroding liquid. The portable heating pack provides for the consumption and/or storage of the gaseous hydrogen rather than venting the gaseous hydrogen from the portable heating pack.
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公开(公告)号：US4430391A
公开(公告)日：1984-02-07
申请号：US399891
申请日：1982-07-19
CPC分类号： H01M4/9041 , H01M4/8621 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9016 , H01M2004/8689
摘要： A cathode for oxygen reduction in a fuel cell is formed from a host matrix including at least one transition metal element which is structurally modified by the incorporation of at least one modifier element to enhance its catalytic properties. The catalytic body is based on a disordered non-equilibrium material designed to have a high density of catalytically active sites, resistance to poisoning and long operating life. Modifier elements, such as La, Al, K, Cs, Na, Li, C, and O structurally modify the local chemical environments of a host matrix including one or more transition elements such as Mn, Co and Ni to form the catalytic materials of the cathode. The improved, low overvoltage, catalytic materials of the cathode of the present invention increase operating efficiencies of fuel cells employing such cathodes. The catalytic materials can be deposited as a layer on the surface of a porous electrode substrate to form a gas diffusion cathode or can be formed as a gas diffusion electrode.
摘要翻译： 用于燃料电池中氧还原的阴极由包含至少一种过渡金属元素的主体基质形成，所述过渡金属元素通过引入至少一种改性剂元素而被结构上改性以增强其催化性能。 催化体是基于无序的非平衡材料，设计具有高密度的催化活性位点，耐中毒和长使用寿命。 诸如La，Al，K，Cs，Na，Li，C和O的改性元素在结构上改变包括一种或多种过渡元素如Mn，Co和Ni的主体基质的局部化学环境，以形成 阴极。 本发明的阴极的改进的低过电压催化材料提高了采用这种阴极的燃料电池的运行效率。 催化剂材料可以作为多孔电极基板的表面上的层而形成气体扩散阴极，也可以形成为气体扩散电极。
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公开(公告)号：US4544461A
公开(公告)日：1985-10-01
申请号：US479476
申请日：1983-03-28
IPC分类号： C25B11/06 , C10K1/10 , C25B1/00 , C25B5/00 , C25B11/04 , H01M4/90 , H01M8/06 , H01M8/22 , C25B11/00
摘要： A catalytic material for electrochemically oxidizing hydrogen sulfide or another sulfur containing gas is provided to accomplish decomposition of the gas. The catalytic materials can be incorporated in an anode for use in a electrolytic cell for removing sulfur from a contaminated useful gas to produce useful sulfur products. The catalytic materials also can be incorporated in an anode for a fuel cell wherein hydrogen sulfide or other sulfur containing gas is utilized as the fuel which is oxidized at the anode to produce electrical energy. The catalytic materials of the present invention are of a disordered multicomponent material which includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of transition elements and at least one modifying element selected from the group consisting of sulfur and oxygen. The host matrix and substrate can also include a carbon containing composition.
摘要翻译： 提供用于电化学氧化硫化氢或另一种含硫气体的催化材料以完成气体的分解。 催化材料可以结合在用于电解池的阳极中，用于从污染的有用气体中除去硫以产生有用的硫产物。 催化材料也可以掺入用于燃料电池的阳极中，其中使用硫化氢或其它含硫气体作为在阳极处被氧化以产生电能的燃料。 本发明的催化材料是无序多组分材料，其包括选自过渡元素和至少一种选自硫和氧的修饰元素中的至少一种元素。 主体基质和底物也可以包含含碳组合物。
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公开(公告)号：US06245280B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-12
申请号：US09337289
申请日：1999-06-21
申请人： Zhaosheng Tan , Krishna Sapru
发明人： Zhaosheng Tan , Krishna Sapru
IPC分类号： H05B600
CPC分类号： H01J37/32055 , C23C14/325 , H01J37/32614 , H05B7/185
摘要： A method and apparatus for forming polycrystalline particles by gas phase condensation employing arc plasma evaporation. The disclosed method and apparatus may be employed to form polycrystalline particles from high-melting temperature, low evaporation pressure materials such as transition metals. Arc discharge is sustained by the evaporated species, therefore, there is no need for a plasma sustaining gas. Evaporation may be sustained from either the cathode or anode. A reaction gas may be provided to form products with the evaporated species.
摘要翻译： 一种通过使用电弧等离子体蒸发的气相凝结来形成多晶颗粒的方法和装置。 所公开的方法和装置可用于从高熔点温度，低蒸发压力材料如过渡金属形成多晶颗粒。 电弧放电由蒸发的物质维持，因此，不需要等离子体维持气体。 蒸发可以从阴极或阳极维持。 可以提供反应气体以形成具有蒸发物质的产物。
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公开(公告)号：US6103024A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US066247
申请日：1998-04-24
申请人： Krishna Sapru , Lu Ming , Ned T. Stetson
发明人： Krishna Sapru , Lu Ming , Ned T. Stetson
CPC分类号： C01B3/0078 , B22F9/005 , C01B3/0031 , C01B3/0057 , C22C1/0408 , C22C23/00 , H01M4/383 , H01M8/065 , B22F2009/041 , B22F2009/043 , B22F2998/00 , Y02E60/327 , Y02P20/129 , Y10S420/90
摘要： A mechanically alloyed hydrogen storage material having 75-95 atomic percent Mg, 5-15 atomic percent Ni, 0.5-6 atomic percent Mo, and at least one additional element selected from the group consisting of Al, C, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Dy, Fe, La, Mn, Nd, Si, Ti, V, and Zr, preferably between 1-15 atomic %. The mechanically alloyed hydrogen storage preferably contains from 3-15 atomic % C and at least one other element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ca, Ce, Cu, Dy, Fe, La, Mn, and Nd. The hydrogen storage materials are created by mechanical alloying in a milling apparatus under an inert atmosphere, such as argon, or a mixed atmosphere, such as argon and hydrogen. The speed and length of the milling are varied.
摘要翻译： 具有75-95原子％的Mg，5-15原子％的Ni，0.5-6原子％的Mo和至少一种选自Al，C，Ca，Ce，Co的另外的元素的机械合金化的储氢材料， Cr，Cu，Dy，Fe，La，Mn，Nd，Si，Ti，V和Zr，优选为1-15原子％。 机械合金化氢储存层优选含有3-15原子％C和选自Al，Ca，Ce，Cu，Dy，Fe，La，Mn和Nd中的至少一种其它元素。 储氢材料是通过在惰性气氛（如氩气）或混合气氛（如氩气和氢气）下在研磨设备中机械合金化而产生的。 铣削的速度和长度是变化的。
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