公开(公告)号：US09595360B2

公开(公告)日：2017-03-14

申请号：US13843953

申请日：2013-03-15

Applicant: Subhash K. Dhar ,  Fabio Albano ,  Erik W. Anderson ,  Srinivasan Venkatesan

Inventor： Subhash K. Dhar ,  Fabio Albano ,  Erik W. Anderson ,  Srinivasan Venkatesan

IPC: H01B1/02 ,  C22C11/00 ,  C22C11/06 ,  C22C45/00 ,  C22C1/00 ,  B21C23/22 ,  B32B15/04 ,  H01M4/73 ,  H01M4/68 ,  C23C28/00 ,  C23C28/04 ,  C22C11/02

CPC classification number: H01B1/02 ,  B21C23/22 ,  B32B15/043 ,  C22C1/002 ,  C22C11/00 ,  C22C11/02 ,  C22C11/06 ,  C22C45/00 ,  C23C28/04 ,  C23C28/042 ,  C23C28/322 ,  C23C28/34 ,  C23C28/345 ,  C23C28/3455 ,  H01M4/685 ,  H01M4/73 ,  Y10T428/12493

Abstract: A metal alloy for use in a wire included in an electrochemical cell is disclosed having an amorphous structure, microcrystalline grains, or grains that are sized less than about one micron. In various embodiments, the microcrystalline grains are not generally longitudinally oriented, are variably oriented, or are randomly oriented. In some embodiments, the microcrystalline grains lack uniform grain size or are variably sized. In some embodiments, the microcrystalline grains have an average grain size of less than or equal to 5 microns. In some embodiments, the metal alloy lacks long-range crystalline order among the microcrystalline grains. In some embodiments, the wire is used in a substrate used in the electrochemical cell. In some embodiments, the metal alloy is formed using a co-extrusion process comprising warming up the metallic alloy and applying pressure and simultaneously passing a core material through a die to obtain a composite structure.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于包含在电化学电池中的电线的金属合金，其具有尺寸小于约1微米的非晶结构，微晶颗粒或晶粒。 在各种实施方案中，微晶颗粒通常不是纵向取向的，可变的取向的或是随机取向的。 在一些实施方案中，微晶颗粒的晶粒尺寸不均匀或可变尺寸。 在一些实施方案中，微晶颗粒的平均晶粒尺寸小于或等于5微米。 在一些实施方案中，金属合金在微晶颗粒之间缺少远程结晶次序。 在一些实施例中，线用于在电化学电池中使用的衬底中。 在一些实施例中，使用共挤出方法形成金属合金，该方法包括加热金属合金并施加压力并同时使芯材通过模具以获得复合结构。

公开(公告)号：US20150298987A1

公开(公告)日：2015-10-22

申请号：US13588623

申请日：2012-08-17

Applicant: Subhash Dhar ,  Fabio Albano ,  Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  Lin Higley ,  Erik W. Anderson ,  Susmitha Gopu

Inventor： Subhash Dhar ,  Fabio Albano ,  Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  Lin Higley ,  Erik W. Anderson ,  Susmitha Gopu

IPC: C01G21/02 ,  H01M4/56 ,  C01G21/08 ,  C01G21/06 ,  C01G21/10

CPC classification number: C01G21/02 ,  C01G21/06 ,  C01G21/08 ,  C01G21/10 ,  C01P2004/53 ,  C01P2004/61 ,  H01M4/0471 ,  H01M4/14 ,  H01M4/16 ,  H01M4/21 ,  H01M4/56 ,  H01M4/5825 ,  H01M2004/021 ,  H01M2004/028 ,  H01M2220/20 ,  Y10T428/2982

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a series of improvements to the positive active material and negative active material of electrochemical cells. In particular, the present disclosure describes improvements in the lead oxide powder, processing, and additives used to make the positive active material and negative active material for pastes used to make electrodes for lead acid batteries. The present disclosure describes materials and processing that enable the formation of positive active materials having density comparable to conventional material but with substantially higher porosity and improved mechanical properties and the formation of negative active materials using substantially shorter and less energy intensive processing.

Abstract translation: 本公开描述了对电化学电池的正极活性材料和负极活性材料的一系列改进。 特别地，本公开内容描述了用于制造用于制造铅酸电池的电极的正极活性材料和用于糊料的负极活性材料的氧化铅粉末，加工和添加剂的改进。 本公开描述了能够形成具有与常规材料相当的密度但具有显着更高的孔隙率和改进的机械性能的正极活性材料的材料和加工，以及使用显着更短和更少能量密集的加工形成负极活性材料。

公开(公告)号：US20130183581A1

公开(公告)日：2013-07-18

申请号：US13350505

申请日：2012-01-13

Applicant: Subhash Dhar ,  Fabio Albano ,  Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  William Koetting ,  Lin Higley

Inventor： Subhash Dhar ,  Fabio Albano ,  Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  William Koetting ,  Lin Higley

IPC: H01M4/73 ,  C23C14/34 ,  C25D5/00 ,  H01B5/14 ,  C23C16/50 ,  C23C4/12 ,  C23C16/48 ,  H01B5/00 ,  H01M4/68 ,  B05D5/12

CPC classification number: H01M4/73 ,  H01M4/16 ,  H01M4/667 ,  H01M4/68

Abstract: An improved substrate is disclosed for an electrode of an electrochemical cell. The improved substrate includes a core material surrounded by a coating. The coating is amorphous such that the coating includes substantially no grain boundaries. The core material may be one of lead, fiber glass, and titanium. The coating may be one of lead, lead-dioxide, titanium nitride, and titanium dioxide. Further, an intermediate adhesion promoter surrounds the core material to enhance adhesion between the coating and the core material.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于电化学电池的电极的改进的衬底。 改进的基材包括被涂层包围的芯材料。 涂层是非晶的，使得涂层基本上不包含晶界。 芯材料可以是铅，玻璃纤维和钛之一。 涂层可以是铅，二氧化铅，氮化钛和二氧化钛之一。 此外，中间粘合促进剂围绕芯材以增强涂层和芯材之间的粘附。

公开(公告)号：US07435492B2

公开(公告)日：2008-10-14

申请号：US10744554

申请日：2003-12-23

Applicant: Stanford R. Ovshinsky ,  Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  Boyko Aladjov ,  Hong Wang ,  Zdravko Menjak

Inventor： Stanford R. Ovshinsky ,  Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  Boyko Aladjov ,  Hong Wang ,  Zdravko Menjak

IPC: H01M8/18

CPC classification number: H01M4/96 ,  B60L11/1885 ,  B60L11/1892 ,  B60L11/1894 ,  B60L11/1898 ,  H01M4/383 ,  H01M4/98 ,  H01M6/5005 ,  H01M12/08 ,  H01M16/006 ,  Y02E60/128 ,  Y02T90/34

Abstract: A hybrid fuel cell/battery including one or more electrochemical cell units comprising at least one cathode, at least one anode, and at least one auxiliary electrode. The auxiliary electrode works in combination with the anode to provide a current as a rechargeable battery while the anode and cathode work in combination to provide an electrical current as a fuel cell. The cathode and the auxiliary electrode may operate alone or in tandem to provide an electrical current.

Abstract translation: 一种混合燃料电池/电池，包括一个或多个电化学电池单元，其包括至少一个阴极，至少一个阳极和至少一个辅助电极。 辅助电极与阳极组合工作以提供电流作为可再充电电池，同时阳极和阴极组合起来提供电流作为燃料电池。 阴极和辅助电极可以单独或串联地操作以提供电流。

公开(公告)号：US07238446B2

公开(公告)日：2007-07-03

申请号：US10329221

申请日：2002-12-24

Applicant: Stanford R. Ovshinsky ,  Boyko Aladjov ,  Bora Tekkanat ,  Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  Subhash K. Dhar

Inventor： Stanford R. Ovshinsky ,  Boyko Aladjov ,  Bora Tekkanat ,  Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  Subhash K. Dhar

IPC: H01M4/62

CPC classification number: H01M4/8864 ,  B29C47/0004 ,  B29C47/0019 ,  B29K2995/0005 ,  B29L2031/3061 ,  H01M4/04 ,  H01M4/0402 ,  H01M4/0404 ,  H01M4/0411 ,  H01M4/0471 ,  H01M4/242 ,  H01M4/32 ,  H01M4/62 ,  H01M4/622 ,  H01M4/8615 ,  H01M8/065 ,  H01M8/08 ,  H01M10/345

Abstract: An active composition for an electrode of an electrochemical cell. The active composition comprises an active electrode material and a conductive polymer. The electrochemical cell is preferably a battery cell or a fuel cell.

Abstract translation: 一种用于电化学电池的电极的活性组合物。 活性组合物包含活性电极材料和导电聚合物。 电化学电池优选为电池单元或燃料电池。

公开(公告)号：US07029600B2

公开(公告)日：2006-04-18

申请号：US10659553

申请日：2003-09-10

Applicant: Stanford R. Ovshinsky ,  Boyko Aladjov ,  Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  Meera Vijan ,  Subhash K. Dhar

Inventor： Stanford R. Ovshinsky ,  Boyko Aladjov ,  Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  Meera Vijan ,  Subhash K. Dhar

IPC: C01B6/06 ,  C01B3/04

CPC classification number: B01J31/143 ,  B01J23/10 ,  B01J25/00 ,  B01J31/121 ,  B01J35/0006 ,  C01B3/0026 ,  Y02E60/327

Abstract: A complex aluminum hydride doped with a catalytic material adapted to increase the kinetics of hydrogen absorption/desorption of the aluminum hydride without reducing the hydrogen storage capacity of the aluminum hydride.

Abstract translation: 掺杂有催化材料的复合氢化铝，其适于增加氢化铝氢吸氢/解吸的动力学，而不降低氢化铝的储氢能力。

公开(公告)号：US06998184B2

公开(公告)日：2006-02-14

申请号：US10636152

申请日：2003-08-07

Applicant: Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  Stanford R. Ovshinsky ,  Boyko Aladjov ,  Hong Wang ,  Zdravko Menjak ,  Subhash K. Dhar

Inventor： Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  Stanford R. Ovshinsky ,  Boyko Aladjov ,  Hong Wang ,  Zdravko Menjak ,  Subhash K. Dhar

IPC: H01M12/00 ,  H01M8/18 ,  H01M8/04

CPC classification number: H01M6/5005 ,  B60L11/1885 ,  B60L11/1892 ,  B60L11/1894 ,  B60L11/1898 ,  H01M4/383 ,  H01M4/96 ,  H01M4/98 ,  H01M12/08 ,  H01M16/006 ,  Y02E60/128 ,  Y02T90/34

Abstract: A hybrid fuel cell/battery including at least one cathode, at least one anode, and at least one auxiliary electrode. The auxiliary electrode works in combination with the anode to provide a current as a rechargeable battery while the anode and cathode work in combination to provide an electrical current as a fuel cell. The cathode and the auxiliary electrode may operate alone or in tandem to provide an electrical current.

Abstract translation: 包括至少一个阴极，至少一个阳极和至少一个辅助电极的混合燃料电池/电池。 辅助电极与阳极组合工作以提供电流作为可再充电电池，同时阳极和阴极组合起来提供电流作为燃料电池。 阴极和辅助电极可以单独或串联地操作以提供电流。

公开(公告)号：US20050092618A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-05

申请号：US10696986

申请日：2003-10-30

Applicant: Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  Stanford Ovshinsky ,  Hong Wang ,  Boyko Aladjov ,  Subhash Dhar

Inventor： Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  Stanford Ovshinsky ,  Hong Wang ,  Boyko Aladjov ,  Subhash Dhar

IPC: C02F1/461 ,  C02F1/467 ,  C25B1/00 ,  C25B1/14 ,  C25B1/26 ,  C25B1/36 ,  C25B5/00 ,  H01M12/06 ,  H01M14/00 ,  C25C7/00 ,  C25D17/00

CPC classification number: C25B1/003 ,  C02F1/461 ,  C02F1/4674 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/46165 ,  C25B1/14 ,  C25B1/26 ,  C25B1/36 ,  C25B5/00 ,  C25C1/02 ,  H01M12/06 ,  H01M14/005 ,  Y02E60/368 ,  Y02E60/566 ,  Y02P20/134

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process and apparatus for removing sodium and chloride ions from an aqueous sodium chloride solution, such as seawater or brine. The process includes electrolyzing aqueous sodium chloride to remove chloride and sodium ions in the form of chlorine gas and sodium metal. Preferably, a photovoltaic device, such as a triple junction amorphous silicon solar cell, provides the electrical energy for the electrolysis. The process utilizes electrode material that facilitates the production of chlorine gas and inhibits the evolution of hydrogen from the aqueous sodium chloride solution. The sodium is deposited onto a metal surface having a high hydrogen overpotential to produce sodium amalgam. The processed solution from the electrolysis has a reduced sodium chloride content and may be further processed to produce fresh water for human consumption or agricultural purposes. The sodium amalgam is removed from the aqueous sodium chloride solution and transported to and coupled against an air depolarizing fuel cell in water to produce electrical power with the sodium air fuel cell, power that may be used to operate the apparatus or other machinery. The product of the reaction between the sodium amalgam and the fuel cell is sodium hydroxide that may be reacted with the chlorine gas to produce sodium hypochlorite.

Abstract translation: 本发明公开了一种从氯化钠水溶液如海水或盐水中除去钠和氯离子的方法和装置。 该方法包括电解氯化钠水溶液以除去氯气和钠金属形式的氯离子和钠离子。 优选地，诸如三结非晶硅太阳能电池的光电器件提供用于电解的电能。 该方法利用促进氯气生成的电极材料，并抑制氯化钠水溶液中的氢的释放。 将钠沉积到具有高氢超电势的金属表面上以产生钠汞齐。 来自电解的经处理的溶液具有减少的氯化钠含量，并且可以进一步加工以产生用于人类消费或农业目的的淡水。 将钠汞齐从氯化钠水溶液中除去，并运输到水中的空气去极化燃料电池并与其结合，以便与钠空气燃料电池产生电力，该电力可用于操作该设备或其它机械。 钠汞齐和燃料电池之间的反应产物是可与氯气反应生成次氯酸钠的氢氧化钠。

公开(公告)号：US20050054525A1

公开(公告)日：2005-03-10

申请号：US10659553

申请日：2003-09-10

Applicant: Stanford Ovshinsky ,  Boyko Aladjov ,  Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  Meera Vijan ,  Subhash Dhar

Inventor： Stanford Ovshinsky ,  Boyko Aladjov ,  Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  Meera Vijan ,  Subhash Dhar

IPC: B01J23/10 ,  B01J25/00 ,  B01J31/12 ,  B01J31/14 ,  B01J33/00 ,  B01J35/00 ,  C01B3/00

CPC classification number: B01J31/143 ,  B01J23/10 ,  B01J25/00 ,  B01J31/121 ,  B01J35/0006 ,  C01B3/0026 ,  Y02E60/327

Abstract: A complex aluminum hydride doped with a catalytic material adapted to increase the kinetics of hydrogen absorption/desorption of the aluminum hydride without reducing the hydrogen storage capacity of the aluminum hydride.

Abstract translation: 掺杂有催化材料的复合氢化铝，其适于增加氢化铝氢吸氢/解吸的动力学，而不降低氢化铝的储氢能力。

公开(公告)号：US06703156B2

公开(公告)日：2004-03-09

申请号：US10264760

申请日：2002-10-04

Applicant: Stanford R. Ovshinsky ,  Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  Boyko Aladjov ,  Subhash K. Dhar ,  Kevin Fok ,  Thomas Hopper

Inventor： Stanford R. Ovshinsky ,  Srinivasan Venkatesan ,  Boyko Aladjov ,  Subhash K. Dhar ,  Kevin Fok ,  Thomas Hopper

IPC: H01M496

CPC classification number: C01B3/0031 ,  C01B13/02 ,  H01M4/86 ,  H01M4/8615 ,  H01M4/8652 ,  H01M8/065 ,  H01M8/08 ,  H01M8/186 ,  H01M2004/8684 ,  H01M2004/8689 ,  Y02E60/327 ,  Y02E60/528

Abstract: Fuel cell oxygen electrode and instant startup fuel cells employing such oxygen electrode. The oxygen electrode operates through the mechanism of redox couples which uniquely provide multiple degrees of freedom in selecting the operating voltages available for such fuel cells. Such oxygen electrodes provide the fuel cells in which they are used a “buffer” or “charge” of oxidizer available within the oxygen electrode at all times.

Abstract translation: 燃料电池氧电极和即时启动燃料电池采用这种氧电极。 氧电极通过氧化还原对的机制进行操作，其唯一地提供了选择可用于这种燃料电池的工作电压的多个自由度。 这样的氧气电极提供燃料电池，其中它们被使用在氧气电极中始终可用的氧化剂的“缓冲”或“充电”。