摘要:
A method of producing chemicals through continuous fermentation includes washing a membrane with a washing liquid supplied from a permeate side of a membrane unit in a continuous fermentation; filtering a culture medium containing a fermentation feedstock, a chemical and a microbe or a cultured cell through a separation membrane; collecting the chemical from a filtrate; retaining or refluxing unfiltered remains in the culture medium; and adding a fermentation feedstock to the culture medium, wherein the washing liquid is high-temperature water having a temperature higher than a temperature of the culture medium and of 150° C. or less, and a concentration of the microbe in a fermenter is controlled by supplying the washing liquid.
摘要:
A method produces a chemical by fermentation including: filtering a liquid containing a feedstock, the chemical, and bacterial, microbial or cultured cells through a membrane to recover the chemical from the filtrate; retaining or refluxing unfiltered liquid in the liquid; and adding the feedstock to the liquid, wherein the membrane is a porous hollow-fiber membrane including a polyvinylidene fluoride resin, the porous hollow-fiber membrane having an average pore size of 0.001 μm to 10.0 μm, pure water permeability coefficient at 50 kPa at 25° C. of 0.5 m3/m2/hr to 15 m3/m2/hr, breaking strength of 5 MPa to 20 MPa, elongation at break of 30% to 200%, crimping degree of 1.3 to 2.5, porosity of not less than 40%, and critical surface tension of 45 mN/m to 75 mN/m.
摘要:
A hollow fiber membrane module for use in production of a chemical substance, which is used in continuous fermentation including filtering a fermentation broth of a microorganism or a cultured cell through a hollow fiber membrane, collecting a chemical substance from a filtrate, retaining a concentrated solution in the fermentation broth or refluxing the concentrated solution, and adding a fermentation raw material to the fermentation broth, wherein a large number of hollow fiber membrane bundles are accommodated in a tubular case, at least one end part of each of the bundles is fixed on the tubular case by a hollow fiber membrane bundling member with an end face of each of the hollow fiber membranes open, and the hollow fiber membrane bundling member is made of a synthetic resin having a hardness retention rate after contact with saturated steam at 121° C. for 24 hours of 95% or more.
摘要:
A teleconferencing apparatus for a teleconference to be performed between a plurality of terminal apparatus including a shared display area and an individual display area, the teleconferencing apparatus includes a browsing page information storage control device that causes a browsing page information storage device to store, identification information for identifying the terminal apparatus having sent the page information and the received page information, a browsing time information storage device that stores, as browsing time information, the page information of the display data displayed in the individual display area and a display time indicating a time in which a page specified with the page information is displayed in the individual display area unlike a page in the shared display area, a sending device that sends page information of the browsing time information, to the terminal apparatus.