公开(公告)号：US6067344A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-23

申请号：US203793

申请日：1998-12-01

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Suzhou Huang ,  William Wade Sapp ,  William Adams

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Suzhou Huang ,  William Wade Sapp ,  William Adams

IPC分类号： G01N23/02 ,  G21K5/10 ,  H05G1/44 ,  H05G1/46 ,  H05G1/54

CPC分类号： H05G1/44 ,  G01N23/02 ,  G21K5/10 ,  H05G1/46

摘要： A method for modulating the intensity of an x-ray beam in an x-ray inspection system so as to maintain the highest penetration power and optimum image quality subject to keeping the ambient radiation generated by the x-rays below a specified standard.

摘要翻译： 一种用于调制X射线检查系统中的X射线束的强度的方法，以保持最高穿透力和最佳图像质量，以保持由x射线产生的环境辐射低于指定标准。

公开(公告)号：US07099434B2

公开(公告)日：2006-08-29

申请号：US10442687

申请日：2003-05-21

申请人： William Adams ,  Alex Chalmers ,  Lee Grodzins ,  Louis W. Perich ,  Peter Rothschild

发明人： William Adams ,  Alex Chalmers ,  Lee Grodzins ,  Louis W. Perich ,  Peter Rothschild

IPC分类号： G01N23/04

CPC分类号： G01V5/0025 ,  G01T3/06 ,  G01V5/0066 ,  G01V5/0075

摘要： An inspection system based upon an enclosed conveyance such as a van, capable of road travel, for inspecting objects of inspection that may include persons. The conveyance is characterized by an enclosing body, or skin. A source of penetrating radiation and a spatial modulator for forming the penetrating radiation into a beam, both contained entirely within the body of the enclosed conveyance, irradiate an object with a time-variable scanning profile. A detector module generates a scatter signal based on penetrating radiation scattered by contents of the object, while a proximity sensor generates a relative motion signal based on a relative disposition of the conveyance and the inspected object. An image is formed of the contents of the object based in part on the scatter signal and the relative motion signal. A detector, which may be separate or part of the scatter detector module, may exhibit sensitivity to decay products of radioactive material.

摘要翻译： 基于可以包括人员的检查对象的，能够进行道路行驶的诸如厢式货车的封闭式运输工具的检查系统。 输送带的特征在于包围的身体或皮肤。 穿透辐射源和用于将穿透辐射形成横梁的空间调制器，两者都完全包含在封闭输送体的主体内，用时间可变的扫描轮廓照射物体。 检测器模块基于由物体的内容物散射的穿透辐射而产生散射信号，而接近传感器基于输送和检查对象的相对布置产生相对运动信号。 部分地基于散射信号和相对运动信号，由对象的内容形成图像。 可以是分离或散射检测器模块的一部分的检测器可能对放射性物质的衰变产物具有敏感性。

公开(公告)号：US06424695B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-23

申请号：US09465103

申请日：1999-12-16

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  William Adams

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  William Adams

IPC分类号： G01N23201

CPC分类号： G01V5/0025 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G21K5/04

摘要： A system and a method for determining the depth of an object with respect to a surface behind which the object is concealed. The intensity of x-rays backscattered from the object is measured by at least two backscatter detectors disposed at different positions with respect to the scattering object. The depth of a scattering source within the volume penetrated by the x-rays is derived from the ratio of scattered x-rays measured by the detectors.

摘要翻译： 一种用于确定物体相对于隐藏对象的表面的深度的系统和方法。 通过设置在相对于散射物体的不同位置处的至少两个后向散射检测器测量从物体反向散射的x射线的强度。 由X射线穿透的体积内的散射源的深度来自于由检测器测量的散射x射线的比例。

公开(公告)号：US06621888B2

公开(公告)日：2003-09-16

申请号：US10190903

申请日：2002-07-08

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  William Adams ,  Peter Rothschild

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  William Adams ,  Peter Rothschild

IPC分类号： G01N2304

CPC分类号： G01N23/201 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01V5/0025

摘要： A system and method for inspecting an enclosure with penetrating radiation. Radiation side-scattered from an object within the enclosure is detected, allowing the object to be located. If the object is deemed suspect, a volume element of the suspect object is further irradiated with penetrating radiation, and radiation coherently-scattered by the volume element is detected. The energy spectrum and angular distribution of the coherently-scattered radiation are used to characterize the volume element of the suspect object.

摘要翻译： 用于检查具有穿透辐射的外壳的系统和方法。 检测到从外壳内的物体散射的辐射，允许对象被定位。 如果对象被认为是可疑的，则可疑对象的体积元素被进一步照射穿透辐射，并且检测到被音量元件相干散射的辐射。 相干散射辐射的能谱和角分布用于表征可疑物体的体积元素。

公开(公告)号：US06442233B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-27

申请号：US09637755

申请日：2000-08-11

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  William Adams ,  Peter Rothschild

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  William Adams ,  Peter Rothschild

IPC分类号： G01N2304

CPC分类号： G01V5/0016 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G01V5/0025

摘要： A system and method for inspecting an enclosure. A beam of x-rays is used for scanning the enclosure and for identifying areas of suspect material. The beam is subsequently coherently scattered off suspect materials, during the course of a single pass of the enclosure past the beam, for uniquely discriminating innocuous from contraband substances. One or more energy dispersive detectors measure radiation coherently scattered by an identified volume of suspect material. Absorption effects of the energy distribution of the coherently scattered radiation are compensated by means of a fiducial reference disposed between the interrogated object and the detectors.

摘要翻译： 用于检查外壳的系统和方法。 一束x射线用于扫描外壳和识别可疑材料的区域。 随后，光束在围绕光束单次通过的过程中随后被相干散射出可疑材料，以便唯一地区分无害物质。 一个或多个能量分散检测器测量被识别体积的可疑材料相干散射的辐射。 通过布置在询问对象和检测器之间的基准参考来补偿相干散射辐射的能量分布的吸收效应。

公开(公告)号：US06192104B1

公开(公告)日：2001-02-20

申请号：US09448717

申请日：1999-11-24

申请人： William Adams ,  Lee Grodzins

发明人： William Adams ,  Lee Grodzins

IPC分类号： G01N23203

CPC分类号： G01V5/0016 ,  G01N23/203 ,  G01V5/0025

摘要： A system and method for inspecting an object, where both a fan beam and a pencil beam of penetrating radiation are used to illuminating the object concurrently. Both beams may be derived from a single source of penetrating radiation. The pencil beam is noncoplanar with the fan beam and may be scanned with respect to the object. Radiation scattered from the pencil beam within the object is detected, and the scatter signal thus generated is used in conjunction with a transmission signal which characterizes attenuation of the fan beam by the object.

摘要翻译： 用于检查物体的系统和方法，其中使用扇形束和穿透辐射的铅笔束同时照射物体。 这两个光束可以来自单个穿透辐射源。 笔形光束与扇形光束非共面，并且可以相对于物体进行扫描。 检测从物体内的铅笔光束散射的辐射，并且将由此产生的散射信号结合表征物体对扇形光束的衰减的传输信号进行使用。

公开(公告)号：US06320933B1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-20

申请号：US09448721

申请日：1999-11-24

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  William Adams

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  William Adams

IPC分类号： G01B1502

CPC分类号： G01N23/20

摘要： A system and a method for determining the density of an object. The intensity of x-rays backscattered from the object is measured by at least two backscatter detectors disposed at different distances from the intersection of an incident x-ray beam with the plane of the detectors. At least one of detectors is sensitive only to x-rays that have scattered more than once in the object, the ratio of scattered x-rays measured by the detectors being a function of the density of the scattering medium.

摘要翻译： 一种用于确定物体密度的系统和方法。 通过设置在与入射的X射线束与检测器的平面的交点不同的距离处的至少两个后向散射检测器来测量从物体反向散射的x射线的强度。 检测器中的至少一个仅对在物体中散射多于一次的X射线敏感，由检测器测量的散射x射线的比率是散射介质的密度的函数。

公开(公告)号：US20170245819A1

公开(公告)日：2017-08-31

申请号：US15444135

申请日：2017-02-27

申请人： Peter J. Rothschild ,  Lee Grodzins

发明人： Peter J. Rothschild ,  Lee Grodzins

IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/06

CPC分类号： A61B6/505 ,  A61B6/06 ,  A61B6/4071 ,  A61B6/4078 ,  A61B6/4241 ,  A61B6/4258 ,  A61B6/4291 ,  A61B6/4429 ,  A61B6/4441 ,  A61B6/4476 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/485 ,  A61B6/5217 ,  A61B6/5282 ,  A61B6/542 ,  G01N23/087 ,  G01N2223/076 ,  G01N2223/0763 ,  G01N2223/1013 ,  G01N2223/1016 ,  H01J35/00

摘要： A system and corresponding method for detecting one or more high-atomic-number elements in a patient includes a Bremsstrahlung x-ray source that produces x-rays in an energy spectrum including an energy of at least 160 kiloelectron-volts (keV), a filter configured to absorb the x-rays in a region of the energy spectrum, and a collimator configured to receive the x-rays and output a collimated x-ray beam to be incident on a patient. The system and method can also include one or more collimated, energy-resolving x-ray detectors to detect fluorescent radiation emitted from the one or more high-atomic-number elements in the patient in response to the collimated x-ray beam incident on the patient. An alternative x-ray source can include a radioactive isotope. Scanning of the x-ray beam may also be performed. Embodiments enable practical clinical, in vivo measurements of lead in bone.

公开(公告)号：US09291582B2

公开(公告)日：2016-03-22

申请号：US13616253

申请日：2012-09-14

申请人： Lee Grodzins ,  Jeffrey R. Schubert ,  Omar Al-Kofahi ,  Peter J. Rothschild

发明人： Lee Grodzins ,  Jeffrey R. Schubert ,  Omar Al-Kofahi ,  Peter J. Rothschild

IPC分类号： G21F3/00 ,  G01N23/203 ,  A61B6/06 ,  G02B27/30 ,  G21K1/04 ,  G02B26/10 ,  G21K1/02

CPC分类号： G01N23/203 ,  A61B6/06 ,  G02B26/10 ,  G02B27/30 ,  G21K1/02 ,  G21K1/04

摘要： An adjustable collimator for shaping a beam of particles, such as for purposes of inspecting contents of a container. The adjustable collimator has an obscuring element substantially opaque to passage of the particles in a propagation direction that is radial with respect to the axis of rotation of a ring of apertures. A gap in the obscuring element may be characterized by a length taken along a long dimension and a jaw spacing taken along narrow dimension, and at least one of the length of the gap and the jaw spacing is subject to adjustment, either manual or automatic. The adjustable collimator may be disposed either inside or outside the ring of apertures, and, in some embodiments, the jaw spacing may be a function of distance along the long dimension relative to an edge of the gap.

摘要翻译： 用于成形颗粒束的可调节准直器，例如用于检查容器内容物的目的。 可调节准直器具有基本上不透明的元件，该透明元件在相对于孔环的旋转轴线径向的传播方向上通过颗粒。 模糊元件中的间隙的特征在于沿着长度取长度，并且沿着狭窄的尺寸取得钳口间隔，并且间隙和钳口间隔的长度中的至少一个可以手动或自动地进行调节。 可调整的准直器可以设置在孔的环的内部或外部，并且在一些实施例中，钳口间隔可以是沿着间隔相对于边缘的长度的距离的函数。

公开(公告)号：US08433034B2

公开(公告)日：2013-04-30

申请号：US13529471

申请日：2012-06-21

申请人： Lee Grodzins

发明人： Lee Grodzins

IPC分类号： G01N23/223

CPC分类号： G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076

摘要： An apparatus and method are disclosed for localizing an element of interest in a sample by comparing XRF spectra acquired from at least two distinct but overlapping inspection volumes. The inspection volumes are varied by changing the geometry of the exciting x-ray and/or fluoresced x-ray beam(s), which may be accomplished by repositioning multi-apertured collimators. Comparison of the XRF spectra acquired from different inspection volumes provides an indication as to whether the element of interest (e.g., lead) is present in a coating layer, in the underlying bulk material, or in both.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于通过比较从至少两个不同但重叠的检查体积获取的XRF光谱来定位样品中感兴趣的元件的装置和方法。 通过改变激发的x射线和/或荧光X射线束的几何形状来改变检查体积，这可以通过重新定位多孔准直器来实现。 从不同检查体积获得的XRF光谱的比较提供关于感兴趣的元素（例如，铅）是否存在于涂层中，潜在的散装材料中或两者中的指示。