摘要:
This invention describes a column redundancy method and apparatus in a DRAM that minimizes the timing difference between a normal and redundant column paths and which minimizes the number of fuses required in repairing faulty columns. The invention discloses a DRAM having memory elements arranged in rows and columns, the memory elements being accessible by decoding a memory address applied thereto, normal column drivers for energizing appropriate memory columns in response to the decoder memory addresses received at an input thereof; redundant column drivers; and switch means for steering the decoded memory address onto one of either normal or redundant column driver paths. The invention further illustrates a fusing system which minimizes the capacitance of redundant select lines, thereby removing unnecessary delay in the redundant column path.
摘要:
A method of driving a DRAM word line comprising initiating a word line active cycle from a leading edge of a row enable signal, applying a first voltage to a word line following and as a result of said leading edge, receiving a trailing edge of the enable signal and applying a boosted voltage to the word line following and as a result of the trailing edge.
摘要:
This invention describes a column redundancy arrangement in a DRAM that minimizes the timing difference between a normal and a redundant column path. A semiconductor memory device comprises memory elements arranged in rows and columns. The memory elements are accessed by energizing one or more rows and columns. A first and a second group of normal column drivers are provided for energizing associated normal memory columns in response to respective ones of column select signals. Further, a first and second redundant column driver are provided for energizing associated redundant memory columns upon receipt of a column select signal along a redundancy select line. A plurality of programmable switches are associated with the normal column drivers, for selectively steering respective ones of the column select signals to associated column drivers or the first or second of the redundant column drivers.
摘要:
The invention relates to word line drivers found in embedded dynamic random access memories (DRAM) of application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). The invention is a method of programming the time at which the boosted voltage interval begins, and the period during which the boosted voltage is maintained. The result is the ability to apply the boosted voltage only when needed, thus minimizing the danger to the oxide integrity. The method comprises initiating an active row cycle in response to a leading edge of a row activation signal, initiating a precharge cycle in response to a trailing edge of the row activation signal, the precharge cycle comprising a broad line boost interval initiated by the falling edge of the row activation signal and having a predetermined duration controlled by a programmable delay circuit.
摘要:
A method of driving a DRAM word line comprising initiating a word line active cycle from a leading edge of a row enable signal, applying a first voltage to a word line following and as a result of said leading edge, receiving a trailing edge of the enable signal and applying a boosted voltage to the word line following and as a result of the trailing edge.
摘要:
One exemplary embodiment includes a materials and devices comprising a multi-element filled skutterudite type body-centered cubic crystal structure including GyM4X12, wherein G is at least two elements. The material may include n-type or p-type doping.
摘要:
A method in wireless communications devices including generating a lower layer cipher key from a lower layer access key stored on the wireless communications device, for example, on a smart card, and then generating a higher layer authentication key (210) from the lower layer cipher key (230). The higher layer authentication key is also generated at a network entity and delivered to an authentication and authorization server. An application server authenticates subscriber device service requests with the authentication and authorization server using the higher layer authentication key.
摘要:
A switch level simulation system includes a netlister, a cross-coupled device detector, a cross-coupled device transformer and a switch level simulator. The user provides a circuit a design to the netlister, which generates a netlist of the circuit. The cross-coupled device detector searches the netlist to find all of the cross-coupled devices in the circuit design. The cross-coupled device detector also determines whether the cross-coupled device has a “rail” node directly connected an external voltage source line. The cross-coupled device transformer transforms each cross-coupled device having a rail node into a transformed cross-coupled device by inserting in the netlist a device at the rail node mirroring the enable device. The mirror device allows the transformed cross-coupled device to provide a high impedance state to emulate the meta-stable state of the cross-coupled device during switch level simulation. The switch level simulator then performs simulations using the netlist with the transformed cross-coupled devices. This technique avoids the need to construct behavioral models of the cross-coupled devices, significantly reducing the engineering resources needed to model cross-coupled devices, while maintaining the accuracy of the switch level simulation.
摘要:
A thermoelectric device, a method for fabricating a thermoelectric device and electrode materials applied to the thermoelectric device are provided according to the present invention. The present invention is characterized in arranging thermoelectric material power, interlayer materials and electrode materials in advance according to the structure of thermoelectric device; adopting one-step sintering method to make a process of forming bulked thermoelectric materials and a process of combining with electrodes on the devices to be completed simultaneously; and obtaining a π shape thermoelectric device finally. Electrode materials related to the present invention comprise binary or ternary alloys or composite materials, which comprise at least a first metal selected from Cu, Ag, Al or Au, and a second metal selected from Mo, W, Zr, Ta, Cr, Nb, V or Ti. The present invention simplifies fabricating procedures, reduces the cost and avoids adverse impacts due to exposing related elements to heat and pressure for a second time.
摘要:
A composite material comprises a filled skutterudite matrix of formula (I) IyCo4Sb12 in which (I) represents at least one of Yb, Eu, Ce, La, Nd, Ba and Sr, 0.05≦y
摘要翻译:复合材料包括式(I)IyCo4Sb12的填充方钴矿基质,其中(I)表示Yb,Eu,Ce,La,Nd,Ba和Sr中的至少一种,0.05和nlE; y <1; 和填充的方钴矿基体内的GaSb颗粒,其中复合材料包含0.05-5mol%的GaSb颗粒。 与常规材料相比,复合材料表现出显着增加的塞贝克系数,总热导率略有降低,以及从低温端到高温端的整个温度区的热电性能指数显着增加, 增强热电效率。