摘要:
Optical 1.times.N and N.times.N switching matrix has a tree structure. In the case of 1.times.N switching matrices having a tree structure, in which an optical input (1.sub.0) is connected to N outputs (1.sub.1) by means of an optical waveguide structure (1) which branches like a tree, and in which an optical changeover switch (4) is arranged in each junction point (3) of the waveguide structure, it is intended to improve the crosstalk suppression. To this end, in each case one gate switch (5) is assigned to each output (1.sub.1) for optional release and blocking of this output (1.sub.1) as a function of a switching state of the changeover switch (4) of a junction point (3) from which a branching waveguide (11) is connected to this output (1.sub.1). An N.times.N switching matrix, which is also described, having greatly improved crosstalk suppression can be obtained with such 1.times.N switching matrices. The switching matrix is used in optical communications networks, for example telecommunications networks.
摘要:
A coupling arrangement for optically coupling together, in a self-aligning fashion, inputs and outputs of an optoelectronic integrated circuit module and end faces of optical fibers with the module being arranged with a plane support surface flat on a plane bearing surface of a holder for holding fibers and a stopping device is provided for limiting a relative displacement between the module and the holder at a point at which the mutually-assigned end faces and inputs and outputs of the module are situated opposite one another. The electrical contacting of the module is performed by a continuous opening in the holder so that contacts extend through the opening to engage a surface of the module.
摘要:
The invention provides a Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM). The SiPM includes a plurality of microcells, a nonlinear element integrated in each one of the plurality of microcells, and a trigger line for outputting a summated current of the plurality of microcells, wherein the nonlinear element provides for a separated timing and energy signal.
摘要:
A sensor arrangement including a control circuit is disclosed. In at least one embodiment, at least one sensor electrode can be charged and/or discharged therewith and a comparator unit for the comparison of a provided voltage for the at least one electrode with a reference voltage. A duration necessary for the charging/discharging of the at least one sensor electrode is determined, whereby, from the determined duration, it is determined whether a sensor event, in the form of a hybridisation between trap molecules and the particles for recording, has occurred.
摘要:
A sensor element is for detecting DNA single strands which are possibly contained in an analyte. The sensor element includes a substrate and at least two electrodes in and/or on the substrate. In a surface area of the substrate, catcher molecules are immobilized and are adapted to hybridize to DNA single strands that are possibly contained in an analyte. The DNA single strands include a label that has dielectric properties that are different from those of the analyte. The electrodes are coupled to a detection device for detecting a change in the capacitative portion of the impedance between the electrodes due to a label that is present in an area surrounding the electrodes as a result of the hybridization event.
摘要:
The invention provides a Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM). The SiPM includes a plurality of microcells, a nonlinear element integrated in each one of the plurality of microcells, and a trigger line for outputting a summated current of the plurality of microcells, wherein the nonlinear element provides for a separated timing and energy signal.
摘要:
A sensor arrangement including a control circuit is disclosed. In at least one embodiment, at least one sensor electrode can be charged and/or discharged therewith and a comparator unit for the comparison of a provided voltage for the at least one electrode with a reference voltage. A duration necessary for the charging/discharging of the at least one sensor electrode is determined, whereby, from the determined duration, it is determined whether a sensor event, in the form of a hybridization between trap molecules and the particles for recording, has occurred.
摘要:
A device for detecting chemical or biochemical substances in fluids includes a first carrier having a sensor array with a plurality of electrochemical sensors. A second carrier includes a porous layer having at least one functional region, in which specifically binding capturing molecules are immobilized. The at least one functional region is arranged directly adjacent to at least one non-functionalized region. Assigned to the at least one functional region and the at least one non-functionalized region are several sensors of the sensor array, for use as an electrochemical camera.
摘要:
A circuit arrangement, an electrochemical sensor, a sensor arrangement, and a method for processing a current signal provided by a sensor electrode are disclosed. The circuit arrangement includes a sensor electrode, a first circuit unit, electrically coupled to the sensor electrode and a second circuit unit, including a first capacitor, whereby the first circuit arrangement is embodied to hold the electrical potential of the sensor electrode in a given first reference range about a set electrical potential and, when the sensor electrode potential falls outside the first reference range, the first capacitor and the sensor electrode are coupled such that a matching of the electrical potentials is possible. The second circuit unit is embodied such that, when the electrical potential of the first capacitor falls outside a second reference range, this event is detected and the first capacitor brought to a first electrical reference potential.
摘要:
Sensor arrangement having capture molecules immobilized on any of three sensor electrodes, wherein molecules to be detected can hybridize with the capture molecules; a control circuit for applying a first electrical signal to a selected sensor electrode and simultaneously applying a second electrical signal to at least two of the other sensor electrodes; a detection device, wherein in a first operating state a reference liquid is introduced into the sensor arrangement and a reference value of an electrical signal is detected at the selected sensor electrode, and in a second operating state an analyte possibly having molecules to be detected is introduced into the sensor arrangement and a sensor value of the electrical signal is detected at the selected sensor electrode; and an evaluation circuit, which, on the basis of the reference value and the sensor value, determines whether a hybridization event has taken place at the selected sensor electrode.