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    Process for the hydrogenative conversion of heavy oils and residual oils
    2.
    发明授权
    Process for the hydrogenative conversion of heavy oils and residual oils 失效
    重油和残油的氢转化方法

    公开(公告)号：US4941966A

    公开(公告)日：1990-07-17

    申请号：US172225

    申请日：1988-03-23

    申请人： Ludwig Merz ,  Klaus Niemann

    发明人： Ludwig Merz ,  Klaus Niemann

    IPC分类号： C10G47/02 ,  C10G1/08 ,  C10G49/12

    CPC分类号： C10G1/083 ,  C10G49/12

    摘要： A process for the hydrogenative conversion of mixtures of oil and organic waste products, comprising the steps of:(i) preparing a hydrogenation mixture comprising(a) a heavy oil, residual oil, or mixtures thereof, or(b) a used oil, a waste oil or mixtures thereof, or mixtures of (a) and (b), and(c) one or more organic waste products containing natural or synthetic organic compounds comprising uncrosslinked or crosslinked carbon chains;(ii) contacting said hydrogenation mixture with 0.1-10 wt. % of an additive selected from the group consisting of high surface area suspended solids containing carbon, red mud, iron oxides, electrostatic filter dusts and cyclone dusts, wherein said additive comprises particles in two different particle size ranges, a fine particle fraction with a particle size 90 microns or less, and a coarse particle fraction with a particle size between 100-1000 microns; and(iii) hydrogenating said contacted mixture at a hydrogen partial pressure of 50-350 bar, a temperature of 250.degree.-500.degree. C. and a gas/oil ratio of 100 to 10,000 m.sup.3 /t of said hydrogenation mixture calculated at (STP), wherein the weight ratio (a)/(b), (a)/(c), or (a) to (b)+(c) is in the range of 100:1 to 1:15.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于油和有机废物的混合物的氢化转化的方法，包括以下步骤：（i）制备氢化混合物，其包含（a）重油，残油或其混合物，或（b） 废油或其混合物，或（a）和（b）的混合物，和（c）含有天然或合成有机化合物的一种或多种有机废物，包括未交联或交联的碳链; （ii）使所述加氢混合物与0.1-10wt。 选自由含有碳，红泥，氧化铁，静电过滤粉尘和旋风粉尘的高表面积悬浮固体组成的组中的添加剂的％，其中所述添加剂包括两种不同粒度范围的颗粒，具有颗粒的细颗粒级分 尺寸为90微米或更小，以及粒度在100-1000微米之间的粗颗粒级分; 和（iii）在50-350巴的氢气分压，250-500℃的温度和100至10,000m 3 / t的所述加氢混合物的气/油比（STP ），其中重量比（a）/（b），（a）/（c）或（a）至（b）+（c）的重量比在100:1至1:15的范围内。

    Catalyst for the hydrogenation of hydrocarbon material
    3.
    发明授权
    Catalyst for the hydrogenation of hydrocarbon material 失效
    用于氢化烃材料的催化剂

    公开(公告)号：US5166118A

    公开(公告)日：1992-11-24

    申请号：US340535

    申请日：1989-04-19

    申请人： Klaus Kretschmar ,  Ludwig Merz ,  Klaus Niemann ,  Jose Guitian ,  Julio Krasuk ,  Franzo Marruffo ,  Klaus Kurzeja

    发明人： Klaus Kretschmar ,  Ludwig Merz ,  Klaus Niemann ,  Jose Guitian ,  Julio Krasuk ,  Franzo Marruffo ,  Klaus Kurzeja

    IPC分类号： C10C1/20 ,  C10G1/08 ,  C10G47/26 ,  C10M175/00

    CPC分类号： C10G1/086 ,  C10C1/205 ,  C10G47/26 ,  C10M175/0041

    摘要： A catalyst for the hydrogenation of a hydrocarbon material which is a member selected from the group consisting of red mud, iron oxides, iron ores, hard coals, lignites impregnated with heavy metal salts, carbon black, soots from gasifiers, and cokes produced by the hydrogenation of virgin residues, the catalyst being comprised of at least two separate particle size fractions such that the combined fractions have a particle size distribution between 0.1 and 2,000 microns with 10-40 wt. % of the particles having a particle size greater than 100 microns, and the mixture of fractions not being represented by a straight line when the accumulative weight of the particles vs. particle size which is plotted on log (minus log) vs. log graph paper has a correlation coefficient R.sup.2 less than 0.96 as determined from the equation: ##EQU1## wherein n is the number of experimental points, y is ln [-ln (n/1000)] and x is ln (dp), wherein dp is the particle size (.mu.m) of the particles.

    摘要翻译： 用于氢化烃材料的催化剂，其是选自红泥，氧化铁，铁矿石，硬煤，浸渍有重金属盐的褐煤，炭黑，来自气化器的烟灰，以及由 原始残余物的氢化，催化剂由至少两个分开的粒度级分组成，使得组合级分的粒度分布在0.1至2,000微米之间，10-40重量％ 当颗粒的累积重量与绘制在对数（减去对数）上的对比粒径相对于对数图纸时，颗粒的粒度大于100微米的颗粒的比例不是直线表示的。 具有从以下等式确定的相关系数R2小于0.96：其中n是实验点的数量，y是ln [-ln（n / 1000）]，x是ln（dp），其中dp是 颗粒的粒径（μm）。

    Process for the hydrogenative conversion of heavy oils and residual oils, used oils and waste oils, mixed with sewage sludge
    4.
    发明授权
    Process for the hydrogenative conversion of heavy oils and residual oils, used oils and waste oils, mixed with sewage sludge 失效
    重油和残油的加氢转化方法，使用的油和废油，与污泥混合

    公开(公告)号：US5064523A

    公开(公告)日：1991-11-12

    申请号：US267289

    申请日：1988-11-04

    申请人： Klaus Kretschmar ,  Ludwig Merz ,  Klaus Niemann

    发明人： Klaus Kretschmar ,  Ludwig Merz ,  Klaus Niemann

    IPC分类号： C10G47/00 ,  C10G47/26 ,  C10M175/00

    CPC分类号： C10M175/0041 ,  C10G47/26

    摘要： Process for the hydrogenative conversion of heavy oils and residual oils, used oils and waste oils, mixed with sewage sludge in a typical liquid phase hydrogenator with gases containing hydrogen, with the addition of a finely ground substance that preferably has a large internal surface area, as additive. The additive is added in two different particle size ranges so that a portion of the additive is present as a fine particle size fraction iwth a particle size of 90 .mu.m or less and another portion as a coarse particle size fraction with a particle size of 100 .mu.m to 2000 .mu.m, preferably 100 to 1000 .mu.m with the procedure being carried out with a weight ratio of raw oils to sewage sludge used of 10:1 to 1:1.5. Conversion of vacuum residue of a Venezuelan heavy oil with the addition of 2 wt. % of lignite coke as additive and with the admixture of 10 wt. % industrial or municipal sewage sludge in a liquid phase hydrogenator to obtain useful liquid products in particular, and extensive conversion of the organic fractions of the sewage sludge.

    摘要翻译： 在含有氢的气体的典型液相氢化器中与重污油和残油，废油和废油进行氢化转化的方法，其中添加了优选具有大的内表面积的精细研磨的物质， 作为添加剂。 添加剂以两种不同的粒度范围加入，使得一部分添加剂以粒度为90μm以下的细粒度分数存在，另一部分为粒径为100的粗粒径分数 以原料油与污泥的重量比为10：1〜1：1.5进行处理，最好为100〜1000μm。 委内瑞拉重油的真空残渣转化，加入2wt。 ％的褐煤焦炭作为添加剂，混合物为10wt。 ％工业或城市污水处理厂在液相氢化器中特别获得有用的液体产品，并大量转化污泥的有机部分。

    Device for depolymerizing used and waste plastics
    6.
    发明授权
    Device for depolymerizing used and waste plastics 失效
    废旧塑料解聚装置

    公开(公告)号：US5917102A

    公开(公告)日：1999-06-29

    申请号：US737587

    申请日：1997-03-21

    申请人： Rolf Holighaus ,  Klaus Niemann ,  Klaus Strecker ,  Dieter Ullrich ,  Christian Hecka

    发明人： Rolf Holighaus ,  Klaus Niemann ,  Klaus Strecker ,  Dieter Ullrich ,  Christian Hecka

    IPC分类号： B09B3/00 ,  B29B17/00 ,  C08J11/04 ,  C08J11/06 ,  C08J11/12 ,  C08J11/16 ,  C10B53/07 ,  C10G1/10 ,  F23G7/12 ,  C07C1/00 ,  B01J19/24

    CPC分类号： C10B53/07 ,  C10G1/10 ,  Y02P20/143

    摘要： The invention relates to a device for depolymerizing used and waste plastics, comprising a closed reactor and a circulation system the mildly heating of the reactor contents connected to the reactor, as well as to a process for depolymerizing used and waste plastics. To protect the circulation system from erosion by solid particles contained in the reactor contents, the reactor is designed so that the reactor contents drawn off into the circulation system traverse a riser section integrated into the reactor for removing fairly coarse solid particles having correspondingly high settling rate before entry into the take-off line.

    摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP95 / 01851 Sec。 371日期1997年3月21日 102（e）1997年3月21日PCT PCT。1995年5月16日PCT公布。 出版物WO95 / 32262 日期：1995年11月30日本发明涉及一种用于使废塑料和废塑料解聚的装置，包括封闭反应器和循环系统，其中温和地加热与反应器连接的反应器内容物，以及解聚废旧塑料和废塑料的方法 。 为了保护循环系统免受包含在反应器内容物中的固体颗粒的侵蚀，反应器被设计成使得排出到循环系统中的反应器内容物穿过整合到反应器中的提升管部分，以除去具有相应高沉降速率的相当粗糙的固体颗粒 在进入起飞线之前。

    Installation for compensating forces acting transversely to the driving direction on a fast moving vehicle
    7.
    发明授权
    Installation for compensating forces acting transversely to the driving direction on a fast moving vehicle 失效

    公开(公告)号：US3958656A

    公开(公告)日：1976-03-25

    申请号：US508833

    申请日：1974-09-24

    申请人： Klaus Niemann

    发明人： Klaus Niemann

    IPC分类号： B62D6/04 ,  B62D5/04

    CPC分类号： B62D6/04

    摘要： A system for compensating forces acting on a rapidly moving vehicle transversely to its driving direction, such as transverse acceleration forces and yaw angle forces as well as possibly roll movements, by means of torques applied to the steering wheel, in which measured magnitudes of certain degrees of freedom which are detected as second derivatives with respect to time while driving, are combined with each other by an information converter and are converted into a torque which is transmitted in bypassing relationship to the servo-steering device and which signals by its occurrence to the driver the presence of disturbing forces and causes the driver to apply counter-forces; the servo-steering device is thereby so constructed that no torque stemming from the steerable wheels is transmitted to the steering wheel.

    Process for the processing of salvaged or waste plastic materials
    8.
    发明授权
    Process for the processing of salvaged or waste plastic materials 失效
    处理回收或废塑料的工艺

    公开(公告)号：US5849964A

    公开(公告)日：1998-12-15

    申请号：US525750

    申请日：1995-12-27

    申请人： Rolf Holighaus ,  Klaus Niemann ,  Martin Rupp

    发明人： Rolf Holighaus ,  Klaus Niemann ,  Martin Rupp

    IPC分类号： B09B3/00 ,  B29B17/00 ,  C08J11/10 ,  C08J11/12 ,  C08J11/16 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10G1/10 ,  C10G9/00 ,  C10G45/08 ,  C10G45/20 ,  C10J3/00 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C07C1/00

    CPC分类号： C10G1/002 ,  C10G1/10 ,  C10G9/005

    摘要： A process is disclosed for processing used or waste plastic materials in order to recover chemical raw materials and liquid fuel components by depolymerisation of the used materials, which are transformed into a pumpable and into a volatile phase. The volatile phase is separated into a gaseous phase and a condensate or condensable depolymerisation product, which are refined by standard usual procedures. The pumpable phase remaining once the volatile phase is separated is subjected to liquid phase hydrogenation, gasification, low temperature carbonisation or to a combination of said processes.

    摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP94 / 00954 Sec。 371 1995年12月27日第 102（e）日期1995年12月27日PCT 1994年3月25日PCT公布。 出版物WO94 / 22979 日期1994年10月13日公开了一种用于处理废塑料材料的方法，以便通过将被转化成可泵送和挥发性相的废料进行解聚来回收化学原料和液体燃料成分。 将挥发性相分离成气相和冷凝物或可冷凝解聚产物，其通过标准常规方法进行精制。 挥发相分离后剩余的可泵送相经受液相氢化，气化，低温碳化或所述方法的组合。

    Method for processing recycled or scrap plastics
    9.
    发明授权
    Method for processing recycled or scrap plastics 失效
    处理回收或废塑料的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5973217A

    公开(公告)日：1999-10-26

    申请号：US945555

    申请日：1998-01-09

    申请人： Horst Hastrich ,  Christian Hecka ,  Rolf Holighaus ,  Klaus Niemann ,  Claus Strecker

    发明人： Horst Hastrich ,  Christian Hecka ,  Rolf Holighaus ,  Klaus Niemann ,  Claus Strecker

    IPC分类号： B09B3/00 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10G1/10 ,  C07C1/00

    CPC分类号： C10G1/10 ,  C10G1/002

    摘要： According to the process described, old or waste plastics are depolymerized into a pumpable phase and a volatile phase to allow recovery of chemical raw materials and liquid fuel components. The volatile phase is separated into a gaseous phase and a condensate. In order to simplify the process in comparison with the state of the art, the depolymerised product remaining after the volatile phase is separated is also heated together with the condensate or condensate fractions in the presence of hydrogen under pressure and is subjected to hydrotreating, after non-boiling components are removed, to produce syncrude.

    摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP96 / 01812 Sec。 371日期1998年1月9日 102（e）1998年1月9日PCT PCT 1996年5月2日PCT公布。 公开号WO96 / 34929 日期1996年11月7日根据所述的方法，旧的或废塑料被解聚成可泵送阶段和挥发性相，以允许回收化学原料和液体燃料组分。 挥发相被分离成气相和冷凝物。 为了简化与现有技术相比较的方法，在挥发相分离后残留的解聚产物在加压下在氢气存在下与冷凝物或缩合物馏分一起加热，并在非水解后进行加氢处理 除去沸腾的组分，以产生顺式裂解。