公开(公告)号：US4810873A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-07

申请号：US113864

申请日：1987-10-29

申请人： Urs Ammann ,  Thomas Dobler ,  Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

发明人： Urs Ammann ,  Thomas Dobler ,  Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

IPC分类号： H04B10/25 ,  H01J5/16 ,  H01J40/14

CPC分类号： H04B10/25

摘要： Measurement value signals (S1), for example from a signal transmitter which is located at high-voltage potential, which are transmitted by a signal transmitter (1) with a transmit diode (6) on the high voltage side via an optical waveguide (8) to a signal receiver (9) with a photodiode (10) at ground potential, are subject to an optical signal attenuation along the way. To ensure automatic attenuation compensation both for alternating and for direct voltage measurement signals (S1), a reference direct current (I.sub.REF) is fed back to the transmit diode (6). The transmission system is calibrated before each measurement. During this process, the input of an amplifier (4) of the signal transmitter (1) is connected to reference potential (U0) via a switch (3) and the gain factor of the signal receiver (9) is controlled in such a manner that its output signal (S9) is equal to a predeterminable reference voltage (U.sub.REF). The output signal (S14) of a differential amplifier (14) is supplied via a lowpass filter (16) and a 1st post amplifier (17) to an instantaneous-value memory (18), the output signal (S18) of which controls the gain factor. After the calibrated state has been reached, the closed-loop control circuit is interrupted so that the gain factor remains constant until a new calibration is performed. The gain factor can be adjusted via electrically, electromechanically or optically controllable resistances or a multiplier or via the bias voltage of an avalanche photodiode (10).

摘要翻译： 测量值信号（S1），例如来自位于高电位电位的信号发射器，由具有发射二极管（6）的信号发射器（1）通过光波导（8）在高压侧传输 ）到具有接地电位的光电二极管（10）的信号接收器（9）沿着路径受到光信号衰减。 为了确保交流和直流电压测量信号（S1）的自动衰减补偿，参考直流（IREF）被反馈到发射二极管（6）。 传输系统在每次测量之前进行校准。 在该过程中，信号发送器（1）的放大器（4）的输入经由开关（3）连接到参考电位（U0），并且以这种方式控制信号接收器（9）的增益因子 其输出信号（S9）等于可预定的参考电压（UREF）。 差分放大器（14）的输出信号（S14）经由低通滤波器（16）和第一后置放大器（17）提供给瞬时值存储器（18），其输出信号（S18）控制 增益因子。 在达到校准状态之后，闭环控制电路被中断，使得增益因子保持恒定，直到执行新的校准。 增益因子可以通过电气，机电或光学可控电阻或乘法器或通过雪崩光电二极管（10）的偏置电压进行调整。

公开(公告)号：US4794487A

公开(公告)日：1988-12-27

申请号：US100847

申请日：1987-09-25

申请人： Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

发明人： Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

IPC分类号： H01F38/28 ,  H05K5/02 ,  H05K7/20

CPC分类号： H05K5/0213 ,  H05K7/20009

摘要： To improve the heat protection of an electronic device (7) in the case of heat radiation coming from the outside, for example solar rays, lateral radiation reflectors (12, 13; 16, 17) of 1 mm-thick aluminium plate polished on both sides and degreased are arranged between the electronic device and the walk (20, 21) of a heat protection casing (1) which laterally surrounds the electronic device. In addition, upper radiation reflectors (14, 15) are provided between the coverplate of the electronic device (7) and a coverplate (4) of the heat protection casing (1), a ventilation opening (18) remaining to the lateral radiation reflectors. In the sidewall of the heat protection casing (1), lower and upper ventilation slots (5,6) are arranged by means of which a chimney effect is achieved in the interior of the heat protection casing. In addition, a bottom plate (2) of the heat protection casing (1) can exhibit cooling openings (3).

摘要翻译： 为了改善在来自外部的热辐射（例如太阳光）的情况下的电子设备（7）的热保护，在两者上抛光的1mm厚铝板的横向辐射反射器（12,13; 16,17） 侧面和脱脂布置在电子设备和横向围绕电子设备的热保护壳体（1）的步行（20,21）之间。 另外，上部辐射反射器（14,15）设置在电子设备（7）的盖板和热保护壳体（1）的盖板（4）之间，通风口（18）保留在侧向辐射反射器 。 在防热外壳（1）的侧壁中，布置有下通风槽（6）和上通风槽（5,6），在该保护套内部实现烟囱效应。 此外，热保护壳体（1）的底板（2）可以具有冷却开口（3）。

公开(公告)号：US4810891A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-07

申请号：US115048

申请日：1987-10-30

申请人： Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

发明人： Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

IPC分类号： G08C23/06 ,  G02F1/00

CPC分类号： G08C23/06

摘要： A system for the automatic identification of the type of measuring head (1) of a fiber optic measurement value acquisition and transmission device which exhibits a measurement signal fiber (3) and a control signal fiber (4), in which the measuring head (1) can be remotely operated from a control unit (2) by means of control signals which are transmitted via the control signal fiber and, in particular, can be caused to emit a calibration signal. According to the invention, calibration signals of different frequencies are provided for various types of measuring heads. Using the frequency of the calibration signal, the control device is capable of identifying in each case the measuring head connected to it.

摘要翻译： 一种用于自动识别显示测量信号光纤（3）和控制信号光纤（4）的光纤测量值获取和传输装置的测量头（1）的类型的系统，其中测量头（1） ）可以通过经由控制信号光纤发送的控制信号从控制单元（2）远程操作，并且特别地可以被引起发出校准信号。 根据本发明，为各种测量头提供不同频率的校准信号。 使用校准信号的频率，控制装置能够在每种情况下识别与其连接的测量头。

公开(公告)号：US4725838A

公开(公告)日：1988-02-16

申请号：US715467

申请日：1985-03-25

申请人： Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

发明人： Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

IPC分类号： G01R21/00 ,  G01R21/133 ,  G08C19/16

CPC分类号： G01R21/00 ,  G01R21/133

摘要： Analog output signals from decentralized transducers for current and voltage are sampled with timing patterns generated at a decentralized location and are transmitted to a central evaluating facility in the form of digitally encoded data streams (D.sub.UR, . . . ).For the purpose of generating data sets which are each based on one sampling of each analog output signal, such that the relative time displacement of the samplings should not exceed a predetermined value which corresponds to the maximum (.DELTA.) of the data-refresh intervals, latch commands (L) are generated at greater intervals in the central evaluating facility, following which in each case the digitized sampled value arriving next of each data stream (D.sub.UR, . . . ) is temporarily stored. After the temporary storage has taken place, in each case a "Ready" signal (B.sub.UR, . . . ) is set. The "Ready" signals (B.sub.UR, . . . ) are combined in a logical AND operation to form a "Data set ready" signal (DB) which is transferred to a computer which interrogates the temporarily stored data (Z.sub.UR, . . . ) via a databus.

摘要翻译： 来自用于电流和电压的分散式换能器的模拟输出信号由在分散位置处产生的定时模式进行采样，并以数字编码数据流（DUR，...）的形式传输到中央评估设备。 为了产生每个基于每个模拟输出信号的一个采样的数据集，使得采样的相对时间位移不应超过对应于数据刷新间隔的最大值（DELTA）的预定值， 在中央评估设备中以更大的间隔产生锁存命令（L），随后在每个情况下临时存储到每个数据流（DUR，...）下一个到达的数字化采样值。 在临时存储发生后，在每种情况下都会设置“就绪”信号（BUR，...）。 “就绪”信号（BUR，...）以逻辑与运算组合以形成“数据设置就绪”信号（DB），该信号被传送到询问暂时存储的数据（ZUR，...）的计算机， 通过数据总线

公开(公告)号：US4656554A

公开(公告)日：1987-04-07

申请号：US713495

申请日：1985-03-19

申请人： Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

发明人： Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

IPC分类号： G01R15/08 ,  H02H9/04

CPC分类号： G01R15/08 ,  H02H9/04 ,  Y10S343/01

摘要： A shunt arrangement for processing the output current of an inductive current transformer having a wide dynamic range in which, in order to provide high-precision conversion with smaller currents, a power shunt is connected in series with a precision shunt which is connected in parallel with an overvoltage protection circuit containing a switchable semiconductor rectifier and a control circuit. The rectifier changes to a conductive state if the voltage at the precision shunt reaches a limit value. The control circuit contains a symmetric voltage limiting element which is constructed as a pair of limiting diodes or as a fullwave rectifier, the output of which is connected to a reference diode. In order to check the switching state of the overvoltage protection circuit, the series circuit including the power shunt and the precision shunt is connected in parallel with a series circuit consisting of a first bridge resistor and a second bridge resistor which, together with the shunts, form a balanced bridge circuit whereby, when the overvoltage protection circuit is inhibited, bridge circuit is monitored by a window discriminator.

摘要翻译： 一种用于处理具有宽动态范围的感应电流互感器的输出电流的分流装置，其中为了提供具有较小电流的高精度转换，功率分流器与精确分流串联连接，所述精密分流器与 包含可切换半导体整流器和控制电路的过电压保护电路。 如果精密分流器处的电压达到极限值，整流器将变为导通状态。 控制电路包含对称限压元件，该元件被构造为一对限制二极管或全波整流器，其全部输出连接到参考二极管。 为了检查过压保护电路的开关状态，包括功率分流器和精密分流器的串联电路与由第一桥式电阻器和第二桥式电阻器组成的串联电路并联连接，该串联电路与分流器一起， 形成平衡桥式电路，由此当过电压保护电路被禁止时，桥接电路由窗口鉴别器监视。

公开(公告)号：US4590459A

公开(公告)日：1986-05-20

申请号：US733878

申请日：1985-05-14

申请人： Otto Lanz ,  Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

发明人： Otto Lanz ,  Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

IPC分类号： H03M1/18 ,  H03M1/00 ,  H03M1/48

CPC分类号： H03M1/504

摘要： A digital integrator (1) having a 16-bit output is followed by a first 12-bit digital/analog converter (2a) which is supplied with the output bits 1-11 and 16 of the integrator (1) and which forms a first tracking loop with a first subtracter (3a), which forms a first difference signal from the output signal, proportional to the input signal of the analog/digital converter, of a first amplifier (4a) and the output signal of the first digital/analog converter (2a), and a tracking circuit (6) which generates tracking signals for the integrator (1) on the basis of the difference signal. To extend the dynamic range, a second 12-bit digital/analog converter (2b) is present which is supplied with bits 5-16 from the output of the integrator and which forms a second tracking loop with a second subtractor (3b) and a second amplifier (4b), the gain factor of which is 1/16th of the gain factor of the first amplifier (4a), to which loop a control logic (15) switches over when the range which can be covered with the first digital/analog converter (2a) is exceeded. Switching back takes place at the next zero crossing, that is to say change of the most significant bit. The digital/analog converter is particularly suitable for processing the output signal of a current or voltage converter.

摘要翻译： 具有16位输出的数字积分器（1）之后是第一个12位数字/模拟转换器（2a），其被提供有积分器（1）的输出位1-11和16，并且形成第一 跟随第一减法器（3a）的循环，其形成与第一放大器（4a）的模拟/数字转换器的输入信号成比例的输出信号的第一差分信号和第一数字/模拟信号的输出信号 转换器（2a）和跟踪电路（6），该跟踪电路（6）基于差分信号产生积分器（1）的跟踪信号。 为了扩展动态范围，存在第二个12位数/模转换器（2b），其从积分器的输出端提供位5-16，并且与第二减法器（3b）形成第二跟踪环路， 第二放大器（4b），其增益因子是第一放大器（4a）的增益因子的1/16，当可以覆盖第一数字/数字信号的范围时，控制逻辑（15）转换到哪个环路， 模拟转换器（2a）。 切换回到发生在下一个零交叉点，也就是说最高有效位的变化。 数字/模拟转换器特别适用于处理电流或电压转换器的输出信号。

公开(公告)号：US4802731A

公开(公告)日：1989-02-07

申请号：US111350

申请日：1987-10-22

申请人： Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner ,  Branko Tomic

发明人： Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner ,  Branko Tomic

IPC分类号： G02B6/44 ,  H01B17/00 ,  H01H33/42

CPC分类号： H01B17/005 ,  G02B6/4416 ,  G02B6/442 ,  G02B6/4421 ,  H01H33/423

摘要： In a high-voltage-conducting assembly (10), such as, for example, the current transducer arrangement for a high-voltage outdoor installation, measurement information items are transmitted via optical waveguides from high-voltage potential to ground potential. To reduce the voltage gradient along the optical waveguide, the latter is spirally conducted along an optical waveguide carrier (7) between the high-voltage side (9) and the ground potential side (5) of a high-voltage insulator (6). The optical waveguide support (7) can be a self-supporting plastic coil (7) or the outer layer of the insulator tube of fibre-glass-reinforced plastic of the high-voltage insulator (6) or its silicon layer applied on the outside or its silicon shield tape. In this arrangement, the surface leakage path of the optical waveguide support is greater than 1.5-times, preferably greater than 5-times the height (h) of the high-voltage insulator (6). The optical waveguide can be wound at a steep pitch onto the coil or arranged in a U-shaped groove of the coil or in the hollow space of a hose-spaced coil.

摘要翻译： 在例如用于高压户外安装的电流传感器装置的高压导电组件（10）中，测量信息项通过光波导从高压电位传输到地电势。 为了降低沿着光波导的电压梯度，后者沿着高电压绝缘体（6）的高压侧（9）和接地电位侧（5）之间的光波导载体（7）螺旋地传导。 光波导支撑件（7）可以是自支撑塑料线圈（7）或高压绝缘体（6）的玻璃纤维增​​强塑料的绝缘体管的外层或其外部的硅层 或其硅屏蔽胶带。 在这种布置中，光波导支架的表面泄漏路径大于高压绝缘体（6）的高度（h）的1.5倍，优选大于5倍。 光波导可以以陡峭的间距卷绕到线圈上或者布置在线圈的U形槽中或者在软管隔开的线圈的中空空间中。

公开(公告)号：US4794318A

公开(公告)日：1988-12-27

申请号：US101019

申请日：1987-09-25

申请人： Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

发明人： Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

IPC分类号： H01F27/42 ,  G01R15/22 ,  H01F38/22 ,  G01R15/07

CPC分类号： H01F38/22 ,  G01R15/22

摘要： To increase the availability of current transducers for outdoor high-voltage installations, an electronic signal processing device for the measurement signal of the current transducer is arranged above the current transducer as a block which can be removed from above within a transducer head casing which is painted on the outside. The electronic signal processing device is attached to a coverplate, which is aligned parallel to a primary conductor of a magnetic shield casing, which is surrounded by an electrical shield casing. The signal processing device consists of low-power electronics below and power electronics above the coverplate; it converts analog signals of the current transducer into digitized and encoded signals for serial transmission by means of a fibre-optical line. The power electronics are in good thermally conducting contract with the coverplate of the electrical shield casing via a metal plate. Lower and upper ventilation slots are provided at the transducer head casing. To keep any temperature increase due to solar irradiation low, radiation reflectors of polished and degreased aluminium are located at a distance of 3 cm between transducer head casing and electrical shield casing.

摘要翻译： 为了增加用于室外高压装置的电流传感器的可用性，用于电流传感器的测量信号的电子信号处理装置被布置在电流传感器上方，作为可以在上面被从涂层 在外面。 电子信号处理装置安装在与电磁屏蔽壳体围绕的磁屏蔽壳体的主导体平行的盖板上。 信号处理装置由下面的低功率电子装置和盖板上方的电力电子装置组成; 它将电流传感器的模拟信号转换为数字化和编码信号，以通过光纤线路进行串行传输。 电力电子设备通过金属板与电气屏蔽外壳的盖板进行良好的导热合约。 传感器头部外壳上设有下部和上部通风槽。 为了防止由于太阳辐射引起的温度升高，抛光和脱脂铝的辐射反射器位于传感器头部外壳和电气屏蔽外壳之间3厘米的距离处。

公开(公告)号：US4754224A

公开(公告)日：1988-06-28

申请号：US8160

申请日：1987-01-29

申请人： Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

发明人： Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

IPC分类号： H03F3/00 ,  G01R19/00 ,  H03G3/20 ,  H03H11/24 ,  H03B28/00 ,  H03K5/00

CPC分类号： H03G3/3015 ,  H03H11/245

摘要： A circuit arrangement for converting an input voltage into a proportional ouput signal, including a converting resistance which is followed by operational amplifier having a feedback resistance. For the purpose of stabilizing the gain of the circuit arrangement with respect to changes in the converting resistance, the latter is formed by connecting two branch resistances in parallel with each other. These branch resistances are series-connected in a bridge circuit to which a direct voltage is supplied from a voltage source. The bridge circuit also includes an operational amplifier and high-quality film resistors and a variable balancing resistance which includes, in series, another film resistor and a field effect transistor. An integrator automatically balances the bridge circuit by controlling the field effect transistor. The balancing resistor. The feedback resistance operational of the amplifier contains, in series, a film resistor which corresponds to the film resistor in the balancing resistance and a field effect transistor which is matched to the field effect transistor (13) in the balancing resistance. The field effect transistors are controlled in parallel by the integrator. The circuit arrangement can be used for processing the output signal of a capacitive voltage transducer.

摘要翻译： 一种用于将输入电压转换为比例输出信号的电路装置，包括具有反馈电阻的运算放大器之后的转换电阻。 为了相对于转换电阻的变化来稳定电路布置的增益的目的，后者通过将两个分支电阻彼此平行地连接而形成。 这些分支电阻串联在从电压源提供直流电压的桥式电路中。 桥接电路还包括运算放大器和高质量薄膜电阻器以及可变平衡电阻，其包括串联的另一薄膜电阻器和场效应晶体管。 积分器通过控制场效应晶体管自动平衡桥电路。 平衡电阻。 放大器的反馈电阻工作串联包含对应于平衡电阻中的膜电阻器的膜电阻器和与平衡电阻中的场效应晶体管（13）匹配的场效应晶体管。 场效应晶体管由积分器并联控制。 电路布置可用于处理电容式电压传感器的输出信号。

公开(公告)号：US4584558A

公开(公告)日：1986-04-22

申请号：US733877

申请日：1985-05-14

申请人： Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

发明人： Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

IPC分类号： H03M1/18 ,  H03M1/00 ,  H03M1/48 ,  H04B14/06

CPC分类号： H03M1/48 ,  H03M1/02

摘要： An analog/digital converter wherein an analog input signal is applied to a variable gain input amplifier which has an output connected to a subtractor. Also connected to the subtractor is the output of a D/A converter, the input of which is connected to the output of an integrator. The subtractor forms from the output signal of the input amplifier and that of the D/A converter a difference signal which is used by a tracking circuit for generating tracking signals for the integrator. For the purpose of widening the dynamic range, the input amplifier contains four scaling amplifiers, one of which is connected by a selection switch to the output of the input amplifier. The scaling factors of the second, third, and fourth scaling amplifiers are 1/4, 1/16, and 1/64, respectively, of that of the first scaling amplifier. If the output of the integrator exceeds predetermined limits, a control logic circuit sets the selection switch to the scaling amplifier having the next-smaller scaling factor, effects a resetting of the output signal of the integrator which corresponds to a division by four of this signal when it exceeds one of the limits of the output range and indicates the respectively valid scaling factor. Switching operations into the other direction take place at zero crossings of the output signal of the integrator. The analog/digital converter is particularly suitable for processing the output signal of a current or voltage converter.

摘要翻译： 一种模拟/数字转换器，其中模拟输入信号被施加到具有连接到减法器的输出的可变增益输入放大器。 还连接到减法器的是D / A转换器的输出，其输入端连接到积分器的输出端。 减法器从输入放大器的输出信号和D / A转换器的输出信号形成差分信号，该差分信号由用于产生用于积分器的跟踪信号的跟踪电路使用。 为了扩大动态范围，输入放大器包含四个缩放放大器，其中之一通过选择开关连接到输入放大器的输出端。 第二，第三和第四缩放放大器的缩放因子分别是第一缩放放大器的缩放因子的1/4，1/16和1/64。 如果积分器的输出超过预定的限制，则控制逻辑电路将选择开关设置为具有下一小比例缩放因子的缩放放大器，对积分器的输出信号进行复位，该积分器的输出信号对应于该信号的四分频 当它超过输出范围的限制之一并且指示分别有效的缩放因子。 在积分器的输出信号的零交叉处进行另一方向的切换操作。 模拟/数字转换器特别适用于处理电流或电压转换器的输出信号。