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公开(公告)号：US06487519B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-26
申请号：US09487575
申请日：2000-01-19
IPC分类号： G04F100
摘要： A method and system of time-to-intercept determination for a radiation source using passively-sensed irradiance data. The invention provides a plurality of noise reduction features to reduce the noise present in the data and improve the accuracy of the time-to-intercept computation. The method includes reducing data noise by defining an acceptable noise level and eliminating any excessively noisy data from the time-to-intercept computation. The method further includes constantly updating the time-to-intercept computation by using irradiance values that are advanced in time. Other features of the present invention includes averaging of irradiance values over a time interval, filtering of the irradiance data received by the method, and triggering at a predetermined time-to-intercept. The invention also includes a time-to-intercept system and processor implementing the above method.
摘要翻译： 使用被动感测辐照度数据的辐射源的时间截取确定方法和系统。 本发明提供了多个降噪特征，以减少数据中存在的噪声并提高时间间隔计算的准确性。 该方法包括通过定义可接受的噪声电平来减少数据噪声，并且从时间到截距的计算中消除任何过多噪声的数据。 该方法还包括通过使用在时间上提前的辐照值来不断地更新时间间隔计算。 本发明的其它特征包括在一段时间间隔内平均辐照度值，对通过该方法接收的辐照度数据进行滤波，以及在预定的时间间隔触发。 本发明还包括实现上述方法的时间间隔系统和处理器。
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公开(公告)号：US20110304515A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-15
申请号：US12814209
申请日：2010-06-11
CPC分类号： G01J5/08 , G01J5/061 , G01J5/0806 , G01J5/0831 , G01J5/0837 , H01Q1/248 , H01Q15/08 , H01Q21/061 , H01Q21/065
摘要： According to one embodiment, a radiation sensor comprises a first pixel and a second pixel. The first pixel comprises a first plurality of antenna elements, a first photodetector, and one or more first feed lines coupling the first plurality of antenna elements to the first photodetector. The second pixel comprises a second plurality of antenna elements, a second photodetector, and one or more second feed lines coupling the second plurality of antenna elements to the second photodetector. The second pixel is an off-axis pixel. Signals feeding each of the second plurality of antenna elements are varied such that an effective radiation pattern of the second plurality of antenna elements is reinforced in a desired direction and suppressed in an undesired direction.
摘要翻译： 根据一个实施例，辐射传感器包括第一像素和第二像素。 第一像素包括第一多个天线元件，第一光电检测器和将第一多个天线元件耦合到第一光电检测器的一个或多个第一馈送线。 第二像素包括第二多个天线元件，第二光电检测器和将第二多个天线元件耦合到第二光电检测器的一个或多个第二馈电线。 第二像素是离轴像素。 馈送第二多个天线元件中的每一个的信号被改变，使得第二多个天线元件的有效辐射图案在期望的方向上被加强并且在不期望的方向被抑制。
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公开(公告)号：US4990782A
公开(公告)日：1991-02-05
申请号：US370556
申请日：1989-06-23
IPC分类号： G01J1/02 , F25B21/02 , G01J5/02 , G01J5/06 , H01L31/0216 , H01L31/0232 , H01L31/024
CPC分类号： H01L31/0232 , F25B21/02 , G01J5/06 , H01L31/02164 , H01L31/024
摘要： A radiation shield 40 is mounted to an uncooled portion, such as an outer case 14, of an IR detector assembly 10 such that it surrounds a thermoelectric cooler 16 and a radiation detector 18. The shield 40 has a curved reflective upper surface 42 having the shape of a toric segment and cylindrical or rectangular reflective sidewalls 44 for imaging the detector 18 and the upper cooler stage upon the tops and sides of lower and slightly warmer cooler stages, which absorb and eliminate radiative energy. This beneficially reduces the heat load upon the coldest stage by excluding hotter surfaces from its view, and by inhibiting reflective couplings of unwanted energy admitted by aperture 46. An aperture 46 defines the effective coldstop for the detector 18.
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公开(公告)号：US4885463A
公开(公告)日：1989-12-05
申请号：US237911
申请日：1988-08-29
IPC分类号： G01R31/265
CPC分类号： G01R31/2656 , G01J5/522
摘要： Two broad blackbody sources (24, 26) having a constantly maintained temperature differential therebetween are alternately directed via a chopper (40) onto a detector array (12) for testing same.
摘要翻译： 在它们之间具有恒定保持的温度差的两个宽黑体源（24,26）经由斩波器（40）交替地被引导到检测器阵列（12）上以进行测试。
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5.发明授权Method for analyzing output data of array subelements of an imaging segmented array 失效用于分析成像分段阵列的阵列子元件的输出数据的方法公开(公告)号：US07586075B1
公开(公告)日：2009-09-08
申请号：US10790894
申请日：2004-03-01
IPC分类号： H01L27/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/73
摘要： A position of a feature in a scene is located by forming an image of the feature using a segmented array having a plurality of array subelements. Each of the array subelements has an output signal. The output signals from at least two spatially adjacent array subelements are cooperatively analyzed to establish a data set reflective of an extent to which output signals responsive to the image of the feature are produced from exactly one or from more than one of the adjacent array subelements. The data set is used to reach a conclusion as to a location of the image of the feature on the segmented array. Increased positional accuracy is attained with no loss of sensitivity.
摘要翻译： 通过使用具有多个阵列子元素的分割阵列形成特征的图像来定位场景中的特征的位置。 每个阵列子元素都有一个输出信号。 来自至少两个空间相邻的阵列子元件的输出信号被协作地分析以建立反映在响应于特征的图像的输出信号的精度上从一个或多于一个相邻阵列子元件产生的程度的数据集。 数据集用于得出关于分段数组上特征图像的位置的结论。 在不损失灵敏度的情况下实现位置精度的提高。
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6.发明授权Imaging sensor system with staggered arrangement of imaging detector subelements, and method for locating a position of a feature in a scene 有权具有成像检测器子元件交错布置的成像传感器系统以及用于定位场景中特征位置的方法公开(公告)号：US07807951B1
公开(公告)日：2010-10-05
申请号：US10790889
申请日：2004-03-01
IPC分类号： H01L27/00
CPC分类号： H01L27/14601 , H04N5/3694
摘要： An imaging sensor system includes an optics system that images a point feature of a scene at an image plane with a blur-circle image having a blur diameter, and a detector array at the image plane. Special array patterns and signal detector logic are used to improve the accuracy of the determination of the object location. In one form, the detector array is a one-dimensional detector array comprising a plurality of detector subelements each having a width of from about ½ to about 5 blur diameters, and a length of n blur diameters. Each detector subelement overlaps each of two adjacent detector subelements along their lengths. An overlap of each of the two adjacent detector subelements is m blur diameters, and a center-to-center spacing of each of the two adjacent detector subelements is nO blur diameters. The value of n is equal to about 3m, and the value of m is equal to about nO/2. In another form, the detector is a two-dimensional detector array of detector subelements. The detector subelements are sized and staggered such that an area of the blur-circle image may not simultaneously be split equally among four detector subelements.
摘要翻译： 成像传感器系统包括光学系统，其在具有模糊直径的模糊圆图像和图像平面处的检测器阵列的图像平面上对场景的点特征进行成像。 使用特殊阵列图案和信号检测器逻辑来提高对象位置确定的准确性。 在一种形式中，检测器阵列是包括多个检测器子元件的一维检测器阵列，每个检测器子元件具有约1/2至约5个模糊直径的宽度以及n个模糊直径的长度。 每个检测器子元素沿其长度与两个相邻的检测器子元件中的每一个重叠。 两个相邻检测器子元件中的每一个的重叠是m个模糊直径，并且两个相邻检测器子元件中的每一个的中心到中心间隔是n0个模糊直径。 n的值等于约3m，m的值等于约nO / 2。 在另一种形式中，检测器是检测器子元件的二维检测器阵列。 检测器子元件的大小和交错，使得模糊圆形图像的区域可能不能同时在四个检测器子元件中平分。
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7.发明申请Antenna-coupled-into-rectifier infrared sensor elements and infrared sensors 有权天线耦合到整流器的红外传感器元件和红外传感器公开(公告)号：US20090108202A1
公开(公告)日：2009-04-30
申请号：US11978880
申请日：2007-10-30
IPC分类号： G01J5/00
CPC分类号： G01J5/08 , G01J5/0837 , G01J5/10
摘要： An infrared sensor element having an antenna coupled directly into a rectifier. Infrared radiation impinging the antenna induces an alternating current. The rectifier converts the alternating current into a rectified signal. The rectified signal corresponds to a magnitude of the incident infrared radiation impinging the antenna, and can be used for detection and imaging operations. Coupling the antenna directly into the rectifier eliminates the need for a photodetector. The wavelength of sensor elements can be separately tuned. A sensor made up of a plurality of such sensor elements can operate in a time-division multiplexed mode sensing different infrared bandwidths in separate time segments. Two or more sensors each made up of a plurality of sensor elements can be co-located in a single focal plane and operated separately to detect infrared radiation in different bandwidths. A sensor element can also operate in bandwidths other than infrared.
摘要翻译： 具有直接耦合到整流器中的天线的红外线传感器元件。 射入天线的红外线辐射引起交流电。 整流器将交流电转换成整流信号。 经整流的信号对应于入射的红外线辐射的大小，可用于检测和成像操作。 将天线直接耦合到整流器中消除了对光电检测器的需要。 传感器元件的波长可以单独调节。 由多个这样的传感器元件组成的传感器可以以分离多路复用模式操作，以分离的时间段感测不同的红外带宽。 每个由多个传感器元件组成的两个或更多个传感器可以共同位于单个焦平面中并分开操作以检测不同带宽中的红外辐射。 传感器元件也可以在红外线以外的带宽中工作。
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8.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4820923A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-11
申请号：US876024
申请日：1986-06-19
申请人： William H. Wellman
发明人： William H. Wellman
CPC分类号： G01J5/06 , G01J2005/065 , G01J5/061
摘要： A warmshield reflector for a cryogenically cooled radiation detector has a reflective surface of toroidal shape. The surface has geometric properties which cause a ray emanating from the detector to be reflected such that a ray is imaged as a defocused ring outside of and surrounding the active detector area. Several such segments are located in front of a small, cryogenically cooled detector shield, to provide an overall detector shielding effect similar to that of a larger, cryogenically cooled shield.
摘要翻译： 用于低温冷却辐射探测器的温度场反射器具有环形形状的反射表面。 该表面具有导致从检测器发出的射线被反射的几何特性，使得射线被成像为在主动检测器区域外部和周围的散焦环。 几个这样的片段位于小的低温冷却检测器屏蔽件的前面，以提供与更大的低温冷却屏蔽件相似的总体检测器屏蔽效果。
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公开(公告)号：US08422005B2
公开(公告)日：2013-04-16
申请号：US12836051
申请日：2010-07-14
IPC分类号： G01B9/00
CPC分类号： G02B27/62 , G02B5/08 , G02B7/021 , G02B13/0045
摘要： Various embodiments provide an optical alignment apparatus that includes a mirror structure having a plurality of mirrors, the mirror structure being configured for mounting a lens. The plurality of mirrors are arranged so as to redirect a collimated beam of radiation into the lens at different angles so as to measure one or more alignment parameter of the lens.
摘要翻译： 各种实施例提供一种光学对准装置，其包括具有多个反射镜的反射镜结构，该镜结构被配置为安装透镜。 多个反射镜被布置成将准直的辐射束以不同的角度重定向到透镜中，以便测量透镜的一个或多个对准参数。
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公开(公告)号：US08254018B2
公开(公告)日：2012-08-28
申请号：US10423395
申请日：2003-04-25
CPC分类号： G02B13/14
摘要： A monolithic body (31) has a compound optical surface that defines a centrally located lens element (31B) that is transmissive to light having wavelengths of interest, such as infrared radiation (IR), and a reflector (31B) disposed about the lens element that is reflective to the light. The monolithic body is comprised of a material selected for fabricating a refractive lens element. The compound optical surface has a centrally located portion defining the lens element surrounded by a generally curved surface region having a reflective coating that defines the reflector. The centrally located portion may be coated with an anti-reflection coating. The compound optical surface is preferably formed in one operation, such as one that uses a diamond point turning operation.
摘要翻译： 单片体（31）具有复合光学表面，该复合光学表面限定对具有感兴趣波长的光（例如红外辐射（IR））透射的中心位置的透镜元件（31B），以及围绕透镜元件设置的反射器（31B） 这是反光的。 整体式主体由选择用于制造折射透镜元件的材料组成。 复合光学表面具有中心定位的部分，其限定由具有限定反射器的反射涂层的大致弯曲的表面区域包围的透镜元件。 中心位置的部分可以涂覆有抗反射涂层。 复合光学表面优选地在一个操作中形成，例如使用钻石点转动操作的操作。
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