摘要:
A surface-treated inorganic fine particle includes an inorganic fine particle, a hydrophobizing agent deposited on the surface of the inorganic fine particle and an amino group-containing coupling agent deposited on the surface of the inorganic fine particle, wherein the hydrophobizing agent and the amino group-containing coupling agent in a ratio of 1/(0.01 to 0.1) by weight are deposited on the surface of the inorganic fine particle by treating the surface of the inorganic fine particle with the hydrophobizing agent and the amino group-containing coupling agent. An electrophotographic developer contains toner particles and the surface-treated inorganic fine particles.
摘要:
A toner composition for electrophotography comprising toner particles comprising a binder and a colorant and an additive, wherein the additive is crystalline titanium dioxide fine particles which have been treated with a coupling agent and which have a specific surface area of 60 to 100 m.sup.2 /g and a Karl Fischer moisture content of not more than 5% by weight. Compounds represented by formulae (I), (II) or (III) are used as the coupling agent: R.sup.1 Si(X).sub.3 (I) R.sup.1' R.sup.2 Si(X).sub.2 (II) R.sup.1' R.sup.2 R.sup.3 SiX (III) wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having 9 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.1' represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; and X represents a chlorine atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an acetoxy-group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.
摘要:
A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image is disclosed, which is formed by adding and mixing an external additive with toner particles having an average particle size of not larger than 9 .mu.m and comprising at least a colorant and a binder resin, wherein the external additive is fine particles having a particle size of 20 to 80 nm. There is also disclosed a process for preparing the toner which comprises adding external additives to the toner particles and mixing them, wherein the addition and mixing of said external additive are carried out under specific conditions.
摘要:
A method for fixing a full color toner image by inserting a transfer medium to which a toner image is transferred, between a pair of rolls of a fixing apparatus, and pressing the medium therebetween, wherein the toner image is formed of a full color toner prepared by dispersing a colorant into a polyester resin containing a diol component represented by the following general formula (I) as a constituent and having a softening point of 100.degree. to 120.degree. C., as measured by a ring and ball method, a glass transition temperature of 55.degree. C. or more, a Gardner color scale of 2 or less and a haze value of 15 or less, and the fixing operation is conducted while supplying a functional group-containing organopolysiloxane having a viscosity of 10 to 100,000 cs at 25.degree. C. to a roll in contact with the toner image, whereby the full color toner image can be stably fixed without wrapping of the transfer medium around the roll and offset, and the fixed image having good image quality can be obtained: ##STR1## wherein R represents an ethylene group or a propylene group, each of x and y is an integer of 1 or more, and x+y is 2 to 6.
摘要:
An electrophotographic toner composition comprising (A) toner particles with an average particle diameter of 9 .mu.m or less comprising at least a binder resin and a colorant, and (B) an additive, wherein the additive is a fine metal oxide powder surface coated with at least one agent for imparting hydrophobic property selected from the group consisting of the following formulae (1), (2) and (3):R.sub.1 Si(X).sub.3R.sub.1 R.sub.2 Si(X).sub.2R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 Si(X).sub.1wherein R.sub.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having a molecular weight of 113 or more, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represents hydrogen, an alkyl group or an allyl group, and X represents chlorine, an alkoxy group or an acetoxy group. The toner composition causes no impaction to a carrier and no adhesion of the toner particles to a photoreceptor, and can form stable, sufficient images for a long time.
摘要:
A positively chargeable carrier for developing electrostatic charge images having good surface staining resistance and good environmental reliance of charging is disclosed, which comprises a core material having formed thereon an interlayer having a triboelectrification controlling function and having a nitrogen atom content of from 5 ppm to 75 ppm based on the weight of the core material, and a releasable coated layer formed on the interlayer. A two-component developer using the carrier is also disclosed.
摘要:
It is to provide a membrane/electrode assembly excellent in the power generation characteristics under low or no humidity conditions and under high humidity conditions, and an electrolyte material suitable for a catalyst layer of the membrane/electrode assembly.It is to use an electrolyte material, which comprises a polymer (H) having ion exchange groups converted from precursor groups in a polymer (F) having repeating units (A) having a precursor group represented by the formula (g1) and repeating units (B) based on a perfluoromonomer having a 5-membered ring, and having a density of at most 2.03 g/cm3, the polymer (H) having an ion exchange capacity of from 1.3 to 2.3 meq/g dry resin: wherein Q1 and Q2 are a perfluoroalkylene group having an etheric oxygen atom, or the like, and Y is F or the like.
摘要翻译:提供一种在低或无湿度条件下和高湿度条件下发电特性优异的膜/电极组件,以及适用于膜/电极组件的催化剂层的电解质材料。 使用电解质材料,其包含在具有由式(g1)表示的前体基团和重复单元(重复单元)的重复单元(A)的聚合物(F)中由前体基团转化的离子交换基团的聚合物(H) B)基于具有5元环的全氟单体,并且密度为至多2.03g / cm 3,所述聚合物(H)的离子交换容量为1.3-2.3meq / g干树脂:其中Q1和Q2 是具有醚性氧原子等的全氟亚烷基,Y是F等。
摘要:
The present invention is directed to a process of making α-aminooxyketone and α-hydroxyketone compounds. The synthetic pathway involves reacting an aldehyde or ketone substrate and a nitroso substrate in the presence of a catalyst of the formula (IV): wherein Xa-Xc represent independently nitrogen, carbon, oxygen or sulfur and Z represents a 4 to 10-membered ring with or without a substituent and optionally a further step to convert the α-aminooxyketone compound formed to the α-hydroxyketone compound which results in α-aminooxyketone and α-hydroxyketone compounds with high enantioselectivity and high purity. The present invention is also directed to a catalytic asymmetric O-nitroso Aldol/Michael reaction involving a cyclic α,β-unsaturated ketone substrate and a nitroso substrate. This methodology involves reacting the cyclic α,β-unsaturated ketone substrate and the nitroso substrate in the presence of a proline-based catalyst, to provide a heterocyclic product.
摘要:
In a substrate processing control method, a first process acquires a first-reflectance-spectrum of a beam reflected from the first-fine-structure and a second-reflectance-spectrum of a beam reflected from the second-fine-structure for each of varying-pattern-dimensions of the first-fine-structure when the pattern-dimension of the first-fine-structure is varied. A second process acquires reference-spectrum-data for each of the varying-pattern-dimensions of the first-fine-structure by overlapping the first-reflectance-spectrum with the second-reflectance-spectrum. A third process actually measures beams reflected from the first and the second-fine-structure, respectively, after irradiating light beam on to the substrate and acquiring reflectance-spectrums of the actual-measured beams as actual-measured spectrum data. A fourth process compares the actual-measured spectrum data with the respective reference-spectrum data and acquiring, as the measured pattern-dimension, one of the varying-pattern-dimensions corresponding to reference-spectrum data that is closely matches with the actual-measured spectrum data. A final process ends the processing of the substrate if the measured pattern-dimension reaches a value.
摘要:
In a plasma processing method, a correlation between substrate type data and optical data is obtained by using a multivariate analysis; substrate type data is obtained from optical data based on the correlation when initiating a plasma processing; and a substrate type is determined by using the obtained substrate type data. Further, a setting data set corresponding to the determined substrate type is selected from setting data sets, each for detecting a plasma processing end point of the plasma processing, each of the setting data sets being stored in advance in a data storage unit; an end point of the plasma processing is detected based on the selected setting data set; and the plasma processing is terminated at the detected end point.