Abstract:
The invention provides an improved alkylation process and reactor apparatus. The invention utilizes a vessel containing a riser-reactor conduit, an acid settler and an acid cooler. Hydrocarbons are introduced beneath said riser-reactor conduit, mixed with acid catalyst, and passed generally upwards through the riser-reactor conduit to enter the acid settler. Within the acid settler, alkylate is separate from the acid catalyst and is removed from the vessel. Acid catalyst from the acid settler is cooled in the internal acid coolers and returned to the region beneath the riser-reactor conduit.
Abstract:
An improved process and apparatus is disclosed for rejecting nitrogen from a gaseous nitrogen-methane mixture while the nitrogen content of the mixture varies widely. The process, which is especially suited for recovery of nitrogen in an enhanced oil reservoir flooding project which employs nitrogen for flooding the reservoir; utilizes a modified dual distillation column arrangement including a relatively high pressure fractionator which lacks a conventional reboiler and a low pressure fractionator which lacks a conventional overhead condenser for liquid reflux.
Abstract:
A system and process for gasifying carbonaceous feedstock with staged slurry addition in order to prevent the formation of tar that causes deposition problems. Dry solid carbonaceous material is partially combusted, then pyrolyzed along with a first slurry stream comprising carbonaceous material in two separate reactor sections, thereby producing mixture products comprising synthesis gas. The second slurry stream comprising particulate carbonaceous material is fed to a drying unit downstream of a heat recovery zone along with the mixture product exiting the heat recovery zone. The resulting final temperature of the second stage mixture products and dried particulate carbonaceous material is between 450° F. and 550° F., a temperature range that is typically not conducive to the emission of heavy molecular-weight tar species.
Abstract:
A hydrocarbon desulfurization system that circulates fluidizable solid particles through a fluidized bed reactor, a fluidized bed regenerator, and a fluidized bed reducer to thereby provide for substantially continuous desulfurization of a hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream and substantially continuous regeneration of the solid particles. A novel transport system is employed for transporting the solid particles between the reactor, the regenerator, and the reducer. The transport system uses close-coupled vessels and gravity flow between various vessels to minimize equipment cost and particle attrition.
Abstract:
The current invention discloses a novel process and system to improve the quality of the slag product from a gasification process, thereby producing low-carbon marketable aggregate product. The inventive processes and systems employ a hindered-bed settler in conjunction with optional disengager and de-watering devices. A slag slurry stream from a gasification process is de-watered and the solids content is increased from less than 5% to greater than 30% via the de-waterer before being conveyed to a hindered-bed settler, wherein the carbon content is reduced from as much as 70% to less than 5%. Particles with a high carbon content are conveyed to a gravity settler, whereby they are concentrated and then recycled to the gasification reactor.
Abstract:
A system and process for gasifying carbonaceous feedstock with staged slurry addition in order to prevent the formation of tar that causes deposition problems. Dry solid carbonaceous material is partially combusted, then pyrolyzed along with a first slurry stream comprising carbonaceous material in two separate reactor sections, thereby producing mixture products comprising synthesis gas. The second slurry stream comprising particulate carbonaceous material is fed to a drying unit downstream of a heat recovery zone along with the mixture product exiting the heat recovery zone The resulting final temperature of the second stage mixture products and dried particulate carbonaceous material is between 450° F. and 550° F., a temperature range that is typically not conducive to the emission of heavy molecular-weight tar species.
Abstract:
A hydrocarbon desulfurization system that circulates fluidizable solid particles through a fluidized bed reactor, a fluidized bed regenerator, and a fluidized bed reducer to thereby provide for substantially continuous desulfurization of a hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream and substantially continuous regeneration of the solid particles. A novel transport system is employed for transporting the solid particles between the reactor, the regenerator, and the reducer. The transport system uses close-coupled vessels and gravity flow between various vessels to minimize equipment cost and particle attrition.
Abstract:
A hydrocarbon desulfurization system employing regenerable solid sorbent particulates in a fluidized bed desulfurization reactor. The sulfur-loaded sorbent particulates are continuously withdrawn from the reactor and transferred to a regenerator. A novel solids transport mechanism provides for the safe and effective transfer of the sulfur-loaded sorbent particulates from the high pressure hydrocarbon environment of the reactor to the low pressure oxygen environment of the regenerator.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a system and process for gasifying feedstock such as carbonaceous materials. The invention includes partial combustion of dry solids and pyrolysis of carbonaceous material slurry in two separate reactor sections and produce mixture products comprising synthesis gas. The invention employs one or more catalytic or sorbent bed for removing tar from the synthesis gas. The inventive system and process allow a gasification to be carried out under higher slurry feeding rate and lower temperature with the provision to manage the tar being produced, therefore to increase the conversion efficiency of the overall gasification.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream wherein desulfurization is enhanced by improving the contacting of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream and sulfur-sorbing solid particulates in a fluidized bed reactor.