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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5719396A
公开(公告)日：1998-02-17
申请号：US674075
申请日：1996-07-01
申请人： Michael D. Jack , Troy P. Bahan , Jeffrey L. Hanson , David R. Nelson , Allen J. Paneral , Jay Peterson
发明人： Michael D. Jack , Troy P. Bahan , Jeffrey L. Hanson , David R. Nelson , Allen J. Paneral , Jay Peterson
CPC分类号： G01N21/3504
摘要： An emission-concentration monitoring system (20)includes first and second monitor stations (22,32) which are separated by a sensing space (40) along a path (28) of a moving vehicle (26). Each station has a source of electromagnetic radiation (64) which is directed through the vehicle's exhaust plume. Each station also has a set of detectors (66) which are positioned to receive the radiation and configured to measure transmittances at wavelengths which are absorbed by molecular species of exhaust plume (e.g., hydrocarbons, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide). These sensed transmittances are converted to emission concentrations by a data processor (50) and compared to a set of emission-concentration standards. The vehicle is determined to be in violation only if its emission concentrations at both the first and second monitor stations exceeds the standards. To insure visual identification of the vehicle, images of it are formed at both stations with video cameras (42, 44) and a license plate reader (46). It has been found that the monitoring system improves testing accuracy because the first and second stations essentially form a check against each other to remove errors due, for example, to vehicular temporal variabilities.
摘要翻译： 发射浓度监测系统（20）包括沿着移动车辆（26）的路径（28）由感测空间（40）分开的第一和第二监测站（22,32）。 每个站具有电磁辐射源（64），其被引导通过车辆的排气羽流。 每个站还具有一组检测器（66），其被定位成接收辐射并且被配置成测量在被排气羽流（例如烃，一氧化氮，一氧化碳和二氧化碳）的分子物种吸收的波长处的透射率。 这些感测的透射率由数据处理器（50）转换为发射浓度，并与一组发射浓度标准进行比较。 如果第一和第二监测站的排放浓度超过标准，车辆才被确定为违法。 为了确保车辆的视觉识别，在具有摄像机（42,44）和牌照读取器（46）的两个车站形成图像。 已经发现，监控系统提高了测试精度，因为第一站和第二站基本上形成对对方的检查，以消除由于例如车辆时间变化引起的错误。
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2.再颁专利Unmanned integrated optical remote emissions sensor (RES) for motor vehicles 有权无人机用的集成光学远程排放传感器（RES）公开(公告)号：USRE40767E1
公开(公告)日：2009-06-23
申请号：US09708713
申请日：2000-11-09
CPC分类号： G01N21/3504
摘要： An unmanned integrated RES 12 integrates all of its components except the reflector 22 into a single console 30 that is positioned at the side of a road and has a CPU 36 that controls calibration, verification and data gathering. The RES's source 32 and receiver 34 are preferably stacked one on top of the other such that the IR beam 24 traverses a low and high path as it crosses the road 14. This allows the RES to detect both low and high ground clearance vehicles. To maintain the vehicle processing and identification throughput, the speed sensor 54 and ALPR 48,50 detect the passing vehicles at steep angles, approximately 20 to 35 degrees. In a preferred system, a manned control center 16 communicates with a large number of the unmanned integrated RES to download emissions data, perform remote diagnostics, and, if necessary, dispatch a technician to perform maintenance on a particular RES.
摘要翻译： 无人机集成RES 12将除了反射器22之外的所有组件集成到位于道路侧面的单个控制台30中，并具有控制校准，验证和数据采集的CPU36。 RES的源32和接收器34优选地堆叠在另一个之上，使得IR光束24在越过道路14时穿过低和高的路径。这允许RES检测低和高的离地间隙车辆。 为了保持车辆处理和识别吞吐量，速度传感器54和ALPR 48,50以大约20至35度的陡峭角度检测经过的车辆。 在优选的系统中，载人控制中心16与大量的无人化集成RES通信以下载排放数据，执行远程诊断，并且如果需要，派遣技术人员对特定RES进行维护。
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公开(公告)号：US5726450A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-10
申请号：US739487
申请日：1996-10-26
CPC分类号： G01N21/3504
摘要： An unmanned integrated RES 12 integrates all of its components except the reflector 22 into a single console 30 that is positioned at the side of a road and has a CPU 36 that controls calibration, verification and data gathering. The RES's source 32 and receiver 34 are preferably stacked one on top of the other such that the IR beam 24 traverses a low and high path as it crosses the road 14. This allows the RES to detect both low and high ground clearance vehicles. To maintain the vehicle processing and identification throughput, the speed sensor 54 and ALPR 48,50 detect the passing vehicles at steep angles, approximately 20 to 35 degrees. In a preferred system, a manned control center 16 communicates with a large number of the unmanned integrated RES to download emissions data, perform remote diagnostics, and, if necessary, dispatch a technician to perform maintenance on a particular RES.
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公开(公告)号：USRE44214E1
公开(公告)日：2013-05-14
申请号：US12489349
申请日：2009-06-22
CPC分类号： G01N21/3504
摘要： An unmanned integrated RES 12 integrates all of its components except the reflector 22 into a single console 30 that is positioned at the side of a road and has a CPU 36 that controls calibration, verification and data gathering. The RES's source 32 and receiver 34 are preferably stacked one on top of the other such that the IR beam 24 traverses a low and high path as it crosses the road 14. This allows the RES to detect both low and high ground clearance vehicles. To maintain the vehicle processing and identification throughput, the speed sensor 54 and ALPR 48,50 detect the passing vehicles at steep angles, approximately 20 to 35 degrees. In a preferred system, a manned control center 16 communicates with a large number of the unmanned integrated RES to download emissions data, perform remote diagnostics, and, if necessary, dispatch a technician to perform maintenance on a particular RES.
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公开(公告)号：US5831267A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-03
申请号：US806870
申请日：1997-02-24
CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 , G01N2021/1793
摘要： A method and apparatus for sensing a composition of an exhaust plume includes a light source that radiates an infrared light beam having a plurality of predetermined wavelengths. A first of the predetermined wavelengths is associated with carbon dioxide and a second of the predetermined wavelengths is associated with a second gas, such as a hydrocarbon or carbon monoxide. The apparatus also includes a detector unit that detects the beam passing through the plume. The apparatus computes a ratio of the second gas to carbon dioxide based upon the first and second detected wavelengths, and this ratio is then multiplied by a predetermined estimation of a concentration of carbon dioxide in the plume.
摘要翻译： 用于感测排气羽流的组成的方法和装置包括辐射具有多个预定波长的红外光束的光源。 预定波长中的第一个与二氧化碳相关联，并且预定波长中的第二个与第二气体例如烃或一氧化碳相关联。 该装置还包括检测器，其检测穿过羽流的束。 该装置基于第一和第二检测波长计算第二气体与二氧化碳的比率，然后将该比率乘以羽流中二氧化碳浓度的预定估计。
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6.发明授权Optical sensing apparatus for remotely measuring exhaust gas composition of moving motor vehicles 失效用于远程测量移动机动车辆废气组成的光学感测装置
公开(公告)号：US5591975A
公开(公告)日：1997-01-07
申请号：US318566
申请日：1994-10-05
申请人： Michael D. Jack , Robert D. Stephens , Christopher B. Tacelli , David R. Nelson , Geoffrey A. Walter , Jose A. Santana , Lane H. Rubin
发明人： Michael D. Jack , Robert D. Stephens , Christopher B. Tacelli , David R. Nelson , Geoffrey A. Walter , Jose A. Santana , Lane H. Rubin
CPC分类号： G01N33/0037 , G01N21/3504 , G01N2021/1793
摘要： A light source radiates an infrared beam that passes through a chopper, a calibration cell and the exhaust plume of a motor vehicle passing in front of the source. A photosensor assembly includes a plurality of photodetectors which are spaced closely adjacent to each other and simultaneously sense the beam after it propagates through the plume. An optical beam homogenizer or integrator disposed between the plume and the photosensor unit causes the light incident on the photodetectors to have uniform intensity. The photodetectors are sensitive to different wavelengths corresponding to spectral absorption peaks of constituents of the composition of the plume, including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), hydrocarbon (HC), water vapor (H.sub.2 O) and nitric oxide (NO). A computer computes the composition of the plume as the percentages of the constituents based on the sensed transmittances of the respective wavelengths through the plume. A video camera produces a video image of the vehicle license plate, which is displayed on a video monitor and recorded on a video recorder together with the plume composition data.
摘要翻译： 光源辐射红外光束，该红外光束穿过切割器，校准单元以及通过光源前方的机动车辆的排气羽流。 光传感器组件包括多个光电检测器，它们彼此紧邻地间隔开，并且在光束传播通过羽流之后同时感测光束。 设置在羽流和光电传感器单元之间的光束均化器或积分器使入射到光电检测器上的光具有均匀的强度。 对于包括一氧化碳（CO），二氧化碳（CO 2），烃（HC），水蒸气（H 2 O）和一氧化氮（NO））的羽流组成的成分的光谱吸收峰，光电探测器对不同波长敏感， 。 计算机根据通过羽流的相应波长的感测透射率来计算羽流的组成作为组分的百分比。 视频摄像机产生车辆牌照的视频图像，其被显示在视频监视器上并与羽流组合数据一起记录在录像机上。
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公开(公告)号：US09091748B2
公开(公告)日：2015-07-28
申请号：US13449637
申请日：2012-04-18
CPC分类号： H04N13/20 , G01S7/4802 , G01S7/4861 , G01S17/89
摘要： A 3D ultraviolet (UV) imaging LADAR system includes a UV source configured to generate a UV interrogation beam, a sensor configured to receive a UV return beam reflected from a target and to produce an electrical signal, and an imaging module coupled to the sensor and configured to receive the electrical signal and to generate a corresponding 3D image of the target. In one example, the sensor includes a down-shifting device configured to down-shift the UV return beam to a down-shifted light beam of a different wavelength, for example, in the visible or SWIR wavelength ranges.
摘要翻译： 3D紫外（UV）成像LADAR系统包括被配置为产生UV询问光束的UV源，被配置为接收从目标物反射并产生电信号的UV返回光束的传感器，以及耦合到传感器的成像模块， 被配置为接收电信号并产生目标的相应3D图像。 在一个示例中，传感器包括下移装置，其被配置为将UV返回光束向下移位到例如在可见光或SWIR波长范围内的不同波长的向下移动的光束。
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公开(公告)号：US06329649B1
公开(公告)日：2001-12-11
申请号：US09414988
申请日：1999-10-07
IPC分类号： G01R2302
CPC分类号： H01Q3/2658 , F41G7/008 , F41G7/2286 , F41G7/2293 , G01J5/20 , G01J5/34 , G01R29/0878 , H01Q9/285 , H01Q21/0087 , H01Q21/24
摘要： An integrated infrared and millimeter-wave monolithic focal plane sensor array having a substrate upon which an integrated array of infrared sensors and mm-wave sensors are provided at a first planar level on the same side of the substrate, and a planar antenna for receiving incident millimeter-wave radiation located at a second planar level located between the integrated array of sensors and the surface of the substrates for coupling the mm-wave radiation field to the mm-wave sensor. The antenna receiver of electromagnetic radiation, in one embodiment, is an antenna having a crossed bowtie configuration which efficiently couples the radiation field to the mm-wave sensor. The invention also is directed to a method of fabricating such a radiation sensor.
摘要翻译： 一种具有基板的集成的红外和毫米波单片焦平面传感器阵列，在该基板上在基板的同一侧上的第一平面级设置有红外传感器和mm波传感器的集成阵列，以及用于接收事件的平面天线 毫米波辐射位于位于集成传感器阵列和基板表面之间的第二平面水平处，用于将毫米波辐射场耦合到毫米波传感器。 在一个实施例中，电磁辐射的天线接收器是具有交叉的弓形配置的天线，其有效地将辐射场耦合到毫米波传感器。 本发明还涉及一种制造这种辐射传感器的方法。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5808350A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-15
申请号：US778934
申请日：1997-01-03
申请人： Michael D. Jack , Michael Ray , Richard H. Wyles
发明人： Michael D. Jack , Michael Ray , Richard H. Wyles
IPC分类号： G01J5/10 , G01J5/34 , H01L27/146 , H01L37/02 , H01L31/0256 , H01L27/148 , H01L31/0232
CPC分类号： H01L37/02 , G01J5/10 , G01J5/34 , H01L27/14652
摘要： An imaging device (10) has a plurality of unit cells that contribute to forming an image of a scene. The imaging device includes a layer of semiconductor material (16), for example silicon, that has low noise photogate charge-mode readout circuitry (20, 21, 26, 28) (e.g., CCD or CMOS readout circuitry and structures) that is disposed upon a first surface (18) of the layer. A second, opposing surface of the layer is a radiation admitting surface of the layer. The layer has a bandgap selected for absorbing electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths shorter than about one micrometer and for generating charge carriers from the absorbed radiation. The generated charge carriers are collected by the photogate charge-mode readout circuitry. A thermal sensing element (22) is disposed above and is thermally isolated from the first surface of the layer. The thermal sensing element may be, by example, one of a bolometer element, a pyroelectric element, or a thermopile element. A layer (12) of narrower bandgap semiconductor material can also be employed with this invention, wherein the layer of narrower bandgap semiconductor material (such as InGaAs or HgCdTe) is atomically bonded to the second surface along a heterojunction interface that is continuous or apertured across the second surface. The bonded layer is used to absorb NIR and visible light.
摘要翻译： 成像装置（10）具有有助于形成场景图像的多个单位单元。 该成像装置包括半导体材料层（16），例如硅，其具有低噪声光栅充电模式读出电路（20,21,26,28）（例如，CCD或CMOS读出电路和结构），其被布置 在该层的第一表面（18）上。 层的第二相对表面是该层的辐射入射表面。 该层具有选择用于吸收波长短于约一微米的电磁辐射的带隙，并用于从吸收的辐射产生电荷载流子。 产生的电荷载流子由光栅充电模式读出电路收集。 热敏元件（22）设置在层的第一表面的上方并与之隔离。 热敏元件可以是例如测辐射热计元件，热电元件或热电堆元件之一。 窄带隙半导体材料的层（12）也可以用于本发明，其中较窄带隙半导体材料（例如InGaAs或HgCdTe）的层沿着连续或有孔跨越的异质结界面原子键合到第二表面 第二个表面。 接合层用于吸收近红外和可见光。
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10.发明授权Integrated thermopile sensor for automotive, spectroscopic and imaging applications, and methods of fabricating same 失效用于汽车，光谱和成像应用的集成热电堆传感器及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US5689087A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-18
申请号：US322442
申请日：1994-10-04
申请人： Michael D. Jack
发明人： Michael D. Jack
摘要： A highly integrated thermal sensor (10) is responsive to radiation having wavelengths within a predetermined band of wavelengths. The sensor, which may be a thermopile, is comprised of a substrate (16) comprised of at least one semiconductor material. The substrate includes at least one active region disposed within a first surface of the substrate. The sensor further includes a plurality of thermally-responsive junctions (HJ, CJ) between dissimilar materials (22, 24) that are disposed within the at least one active region, wherein at least one of the thermally-responsive junctions is a hot junction. The hot junction is thermally isolated from the substrate by being suspended from the substrate on dielectric bridges or, in another embodiment, by a thermally insulating and patterned polymer. In a backside illuminated embodiment of this invention the sensor further includes an optical cavity (26) formed within a second surface of the substrate in registration with the active region. The optical cavity includes a radiation absorbing region (28) that is thermally coupled to the at least one hot junction. The sensor further includes an optical filter (30) that is disposed over the optical cavity for admitting radiation within the predetermined band of wavelengths into the optical cavity for absorption by the radiation absorbing region.
摘要翻译： 高度集成的热传感器（10）响应于具有预定波段范围内的波长的辐射。 可以是热电堆的传感器包括由至少一种半导体材料构成的衬底（16）。 衬底包括设置在衬底的第一表面内的至少一个有源区。 所述传感器还包括设置在所述至少一个活性区域内的不同材料（22,24）之间的多个热响应结（HJ，CJ），其中所述热响应结中的至少一个是热连接。 热接点通过从电介质桥上的衬底悬挂或者在另一个实施例中通过隔热和图案化的聚合物而与衬底热隔离。 在本发明的背面照明实施例中，传感器还包括形成在衬底的与有源区域对准的第二表面内的光学腔（26）。 光腔包括热耦合到至少一个热接头的辐射吸收区域（28）。 传感器还包括光学滤光器（30），其设置在光学腔上方，用于将预定波长带内的辐射进入光学腔以供辐射吸收区吸收。
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