公开(公告)号：US20100271144A1

公开(公告)日：2010-10-28

申请号：US12766205

申请日：2010-04-23

申请人： Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Scott Michael Pernia ,  Vidyabhusan Gupta ,  Nathaniel Charles Gaskin ,  Nader Fayyaz

发明人： Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Scott Michael Pernia ,  Vidyabhusan Gupta ,  Nathaniel Charles Gaskin ,  Nader Fayyaz

IPC分类号： H03B5/12

CPC分类号： H03B5/04 ,  H03B5/1215 ,  H03B5/1228 ,  H03B5/1243 ,  H03B5/1271 ,  H03B5/1293

摘要： Exemplary embodiments provide a reference signal generator having a reference or center frequency within a predetermined variance over variations in temperature within a specified range. An exemplary apparatus comprises a reference resonator to generate a first reference signal having a resonant frequency, with the reference resonator having a first temperature dependence; and a plurality of switchable circuits, with at least one switchable circuit providing a second temperature dependence opposing the first temperature dependence to maintain the resonant frequency within a predetermined variance over a temperature variation. A wide variety of switchable circuits are disclosed, including a transistor having an on resistance value greater than a nominal resistance, a resistor coupled to a transistor or other switch, and circuit comprising a first reactance coupled to a first switch, with a second reactance coupled to a resistance and a second switch coupled in series to the second reactance or to the resistance. Various coatings may also be applied to an integrated circuit embodiment, such as a silicone coating on a first surface and a metal layer on a second surface.

摘要翻译： 示例性实施例提供了参考信号发生器，其具有在指定范围内的温度变化的预定方差内的参考或中心频率。 示例性装置包括参考谐振器，以产生具有谐振频率的第一参考信号，参考谐振器具有第一温度依赖性; 以及多个可切换电路，其中至少一个可切换电路提供与第一温度依赖性相反的第二温度依赖性，以将谐振频率保持在温度变化以上的预定变化范围内。 公开了各种各样的可切换电路，包括具有大于标称电阻的导通电阻值的晶体管，耦合到晶体管或其它开关的电阻器，以及包括耦合到第一开关的第一电抗的电路，第二电抗耦合 耦合到与第二电抗或电阻串联耦合的电阻和第二开关。 各种涂层也可以应用于集成电路实施例，例如第一表面上的硅氧烷涂层和第二表面上的金属层。

公开(公告)号：US08134414B2

公开(公告)日：2012-03-13

申请号：US12766205

申请日：2010-04-23

申请人： Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Scott Michael Pernia ,  Vidyabhusan Gupta ,  Nathaniel Charles Gaskin ,  Nader Fayyaz

发明人： Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Scott Michael Pernia ,  Vidyabhusan Gupta ,  Nathaniel Charles Gaskin ,  Nader Fayyaz

IPC分类号： H03B5/12 ,  H03L1/00 ,  H03L5/00 ,  H03L7/099

CPC分类号： H03B5/04 ,  H03B5/1215 ,  H03B5/1228 ,  H03B5/1243 ,  H03B5/1271 ,  H03B5/1293

摘要： Exemplary embodiments provide a reference signal generator having a reference or center frequency within a predetermined variance over variations in temperature within a specified range. An exemplary apparatus comprises a reference resonator to generate a first reference signal having a resonant frequency, with the reference resonator having a first temperature dependence; and a plurality of switchable circuits, with at least one switchable circuit providing a second temperature dependence opposing the first temperature dependence to maintain the resonant frequency within a predetermined variance over a temperature variation. A wide variety of switchable circuits are disclosed, including a transistor having an on resistance value greater than a nominal resistance, a resistor coupled to a transistor or other switch, and circuit comprising a first reactance coupled to a first switch, with a second reactance coupled to a resistance and a second switch coupled in series to the second reactance or to the resistance. Various coatings may also be applied to an integrated circuit embodiment, such as a silicone coating on a first surface and a metal layer on a second surface.

摘要翻译： 示例性实施例提供了参考信号发生器，其具有在指定范围内的温度变化的预定方差内的参考或中心频率。 示例性装置包括参考谐振器，以产生具有谐振频率的第一参考信号，参考谐振器具有第一温度依赖性; 以及多个可切换电路，其中至少一个可切换电路提供与第一温度依赖性相反的第二温度依赖性，以将谐振频率保持在温度变化以上的预定变化范围内。 公开了各种各样的可切换电路，包括具有大于标称电阻的导通电阻值的晶体管，耦合到晶体管或其它开关的电阻器，以及包括耦合到第一开关的第一电抗的电路，第二电抗耦合 耦合到与第二电抗或电阻串联耦合的电阻和第二开关。 各种涂层也可以应用于集成电路实施例，例如第一表面上的硅氧烷涂层和第二表面上的金属层。

公开(公告)号：US08164159B1

公开(公告)日：2012-04-24

申请号：US12838158

申请日：2010-07-16

申请人： William Eddie Armstrong ,  Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Vidyabhusan Gupta ,  Justin O'Day ,  Nader Fayyaz ,  Gordon Carichner

发明人： William Eddie Armstrong ,  Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Vidyabhusan Gupta ,  Justin O'Day ,  Nader Fayyaz ,  Gordon Carichner

IPC分类号： H01L29/86

CPC分类号： H03B5/1228 ,  H01L29/0619 ,  H01L29/86 ,  H01L2224/48463 ,  H01L2224/73265 ,  H03B5/1215 ,  H03B5/1234 ,  H03B5/124

摘要： A reference signal generator includes an integrated circuit substrate having a semiconductor resonator therein. The resonator includes an inductor extending adjacent a first surface of the integrated circuit substrate. A vertically-stacked composite of at least first and second electrically insulating dielectric layers is provided on the integrated circuit substrate. The vertically-stacked composite covers a portion of the first surface, which extends opposite the inductor. A first electrically conductive shielding layer is provided on a portion of the second electrically insulating dielectric layer extending opposite the inductor. The first electrically conductive shielding layer may encapsulate exposed portions of the first and second electrically insulating dielectric layers. The shielding layer may operate as an electromagnetic shield between the inductor and an external structure, such as an integrated circuit package, and also shield against environmental contamination (e.g., external moisture penetration).

摘要翻译： 参考信号发生器包括其中具有半导体谐振器的集成电路基板。 谐振器包括在集成电路基板的第一表面附近延伸的电感器。 在集成电路基板上设置有至少第一和第二电绝缘介电层的垂直堆叠的复合材料。 垂直堆叠的复合物覆盖与电感器相对延伸的第一表面的一部分。 在与电感器相对延伸的第二电绝缘介电层的一部分上设置有第一导电屏蔽层。 第一导电屏蔽层可以封装第一和第二电绝缘介电层的暴露部分。 屏蔽层可以作为电感器和诸如集成电路封装的外部结构之间的电磁屏蔽来操作，并且还可以防止环境污染（例如，外部湿气穿透）。

公开(公告)号：US20110169585A1

公开(公告)日：2011-07-14

申请号：US13069076

申请日：2011-03-22

申请人： Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Scott Michael Pernia ,  Amar Sarbbasesh Basu

发明人： Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Scott Michael Pernia ,  Amar Sarbbasesh Basu

IPC分类号： H03B5/12

CPC分类号： H03L1/02 ,  H03B5/04 ,  H03B5/1215 ,  H03B5/1228 ,  H03B5/1243 ,  H03B5/1253 ,  H03B5/1265 ,  H03B2200/0038 ,  H03B2200/005 ,  H03B2200/0098 ,  H03J2200/10 ,  H03L1/00 ,  H03L1/026 ,  H03L7/00 ,  H03L7/06 ,  H03L7/0812 ,  H03L7/099 ,  H03L7/24

摘要： In various embodiments, the invention provides a clock generator and/or a timing and frequency reference, with multiple operating modes, such power conservation, clock, reference, and pulsed modes. The various apparatus embodiments include a resonator adapted to provide a first signal having a resonant frequency; an amplifier; a temperature compensator adapted to modify the resonant frequency in response to temperature; and a process variation compensator adapted to modify the resonant frequency in response to fabrication process variation. In addition, the various embodiments may also include a frequency divider adapted to divide the first signal having the resonant frequency into a plurality of second signals having a corresponding plurality of frequencies substantially equal to or lower than the resonant frequency; and a frequency selector adapted to provide an output signal from the plurality of second signals. The output signal may be provided in any of various forms, such as differential or single-ended, and substantially square-wave or sinusoidal.

摘要翻译： 在各种实施例中，本发明提供具有多种操作模式的时钟发生器和/或定时和频率参考，例如功率节省，时钟，参考和脉冲模式。 各种装置实施例包括适于提供具有谐振频率的第一信号的谐振器; 放大器 温度补偿器，其适于根据温度修改谐振频率; 以及适于响应于制造工艺变化来修改谐振频率的工艺变化补偿器。 此外，各种实施例还可以包括分频器，其适于将具有谐振频率的第一信号划分成具有基本上等于或低于谐振频率的相应多个频率的多个第二信号; 以及适于提供来自所述多个第二信号的输出信号的频率选择器。 输出信号可以以各种形式提供，例如差分或单端，以及基本方波或正弦。

公开(公告)号：US07978017B2

公开(公告)日：2011-07-12

申请号：US12013438

申请日：2008-01-12

申请人： Scott Michael Pernia ,  Nam Duc Nguyen ,  Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Justin O'Day ,  Ralph Beaudouin ,  Sundus Kubba

发明人： Scott Michael Pernia ,  Nam Duc Nguyen ,  Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Justin O'Day ,  Ralph Beaudouin ,  Sundus Kubba

IPC分类号： H03B5/08

CPC分类号： H03K3/011 ,  H03B5/04 ,  H03L1/00 ,  H03L1/026 ,  H03L5/00 ,  H03L7/00

摘要： Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a reference signal generator, system and method. An exemplary apparatus to generate a harmonic reference signal includes a reference resonator, such as an LC-tank, a control voltage generator adapted to provide a temperature-dependent control voltage; and a plurality of variable reactance modules. The reference resonator generates a first reference signal having a resonant frequency, and each reactance module is adapted to modify a corresponding reactance in response to the control voltage to maintain the resonant frequency substantially constant or within a predetermined variance over a predetermined temperature range. A frequency controller may also be included to maintain substantially constant a magnitude of a peak amplitude of the first reference signal and maintains substantially constant a common mode voltage level of the reference resonator.

摘要翻译： 本发明的示例性实施例提供了一种参考信号发生器，系统和方法。 产生谐波参考信号的示例性装置包括参考谐振器，例如LC槽，适于提供温度依赖控制电压的控制电压发生器; 以及多个可变电抗模块。 参考谐振器产生具有谐振频率的第一参考信号，并且每个电抗模块适于响应于控制电压修改相应的电抗，以使谐振频率基本上恒定或在预定的温度范围内的预定方差内。 还可以包括频率控制器以保持第一参考信号的峰值幅度的幅度基本上恒定，并且保持参考谐振器的共模电压电平基本恒定。

公开(公告)号：US07656245B2

公开(公告)日：2010-02-02

申请号：US12036185

申请日：2008-02-22

申请人： Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Scott Michael Pernia ,  Sundus Kubba ,  Justin O'Day ,  Gordon Carichner

发明人： Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Scott Michael Pernia ,  Sundus Kubba ,  Justin O'Day ,  Gordon Carichner

IPC分类号： H03B5/12

CPC分类号： G06F1/04 ,  G06F1/08 ,  H03B5/06 ,  H03B5/1203 ,  H03B5/1215 ,  H03B5/1218 ,  H03B5/1228 ,  H03B5/1253 ,  H03B5/1256 ,  H03B5/1265 ,  H03B2201/025 ,  H03J1/0008 ,  H03J2200/10 ,  H03L1/022 ,  H03L3/00 ,  H03L7/08 ,  H03L7/0812 ,  H03L7/0891 ,  H03L7/099

摘要： In various embodiments, the invention provides a clock generator and/or a timing and frequency reference using an LC-oscillator topology, having a frequency controller to control and provide a stable resonant frequency, which is integrated with other, second circuitry such as a processor or controller. Frequency stability is provided over variations in a selected parameter such as temperature and fabrication process variations. The various apparatus embodiments include a sensor adapted to provide a signal in response to at least one parameter of a plurality of parameters; and a frequency controller adapted to modify the resonant frequency in response to the second signal. In exemplary embodiments, the sensor is implemented as a current source responsive to temperature fluctuations, and the frequency controller is implemented as a plurality of controlled reactance modules which are selectively couplable to the resonator or to one or more control voltages. The controlled reactance modules may include fixed or variable capacitances or inductances, and may be binary weighted. Arrays of resistive modules are also provided, to generate one or more control voltages.

摘要翻译： 在各种实施例中，本发明提供使用LC振荡器拓扑的时钟发生器和/或定时和频率参考，其具有频率控制器以控制和提供稳定的谐振频率，其与其它第二电路（例如处理器 或控制器。 提供了频率稳定性，如选择的参数（如温度和制造工艺变化）的变化。 各种装置实施例包括适于响应于多个参数的至少一个参数提供信号的传感器; 以及频率控制器，其适于响应于所述第二信号来修改所述谐振频率。 在示例性实施例中，响应于温度波动将传感器实现为电流源，并且频率控制器被实现为可选择地耦合到谐振器或一个或多个控制电压的多个受控电抗模块。 受控电抗模块可以包括固定或可变电容或电感，并且可以是二进制加权的。 还提供了电阻模块的阵列，以产生一个或多个控制电压。

公开(公告)号：US20090167451A1

公开(公告)日：2009-07-02

申请号：US12258216

申请日：2008-10-24

申请人： Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Scott Michael Pernia ,  Sundus Kubba

发明人： Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Scott Michael Pernia ,  Sundus Kubba

IPC分类号： H03L1/00

CPC分类号： H03L1/022 ,  H03B5/06 ,  H03B5/1212 ,  H03B5/1228 ,  H03B5/124 ,  H03B2201/025 ,  H03L3/00 ,  H03L7/08 ,  H03L7/0812 ,  H03L7/099

摘要： In various embodiments, the invention provides a frequency controller to control and provide a stable resonant frequency of a clock generator and/or a timing and frequency reference. Such stability is provided over variations in a selected parameter such as temperature and fabrication process variations. The various apparatus embodiments include a sensor adapted to provide a signal in response to at least one parameter of a plurality of parameters; and a frequency controller adapted to modify the resonant frequency in response to the second signal. In exemplary embodiments, the sensor is implemented as a current source responsive to temperature fluctuations, and the frequency controller is implemented as a plurality of controlled reactance modules which are selectively couplable to the resonator or to one or more control voltages. The controlled reactance modules may include fixed or variable capacitances or inductances, and may be binary weighted. Arrays of resistive modules are also provided, to generate one or more control voltages.

摘要翻译： 在各种实施例中，本发明提供一种频率控制器，用于控制并提供时钟发生器和/或定时和频率参考的稳定谐振频率。 这样的稳定​​性是在所选择的参数如温度和制造工艺变化的变化中提供的。 各种装置实施例包括适于响应于多个参数的至少一个参数提供信号的传感器; 以及频率控制器，其适于响应于所述第二信号来修改所述谐振频率。 在示例性实施例中，响应于温度波动将传感器实现为电流源，并且频率控制器被实现为可选择地耦合到谐振器或一个或多个控制电压的多个受控电抗模块。 受控电抗模块可以包括固定或可变电容或电感，并且可以是二进制加权的。 还提供了电阻模块的阵列，以产生一个或多个控制电压。

公开(公告)号：US07719371B2

公开(公告)日：2010-05-18

申请号：US11967234

申请日：2007-12-30

申请人： Scott Michael Pernia ,  Gordon Carichner ,  Eric Marsman ,  Michael Shannon McCorquodale

发明人： Scott Michael Pernia ,  Gordon Carichner ,  Eric Marsman ,  Michael Shannon McCorquodale

IPC分类号： H03B29/00 ,  H03L7/06

CPC分类号： H03L5/00 ,  H03B5/1215 ,  H03B5/1228 ,  H03B5/1243 ,  H03B5/1253 ,  H03B5/1265 ,  H03B5/1287 ,  H03B5/1293 ,  H03B2200/005

摘要： Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a system, method and apparatus for spread spectrum functionality for a free-running, reference harmonic oscillator. In an exemplary embodiment, an apparatus comprises a reference oscillator adapted to provide a reference signal having a reference frequency; and a spread spectrum controller adapted to control the reference oscillator to generate a spread-spectrum reference signal at a plurality of different reference frequencies during a predetermined or selected time period. An exemplary apparatus may also include a coefficient register adapted to store a plurality of coefficients and a plurality of controlled reactance modules responsive to a corresponding coefficient of the plurality of coefficients to modify an amount of reactance effectively coupled to the reference oscillator. An exemplary spread spectrum controller is further adapted to sequentially modify the plurality of coefficients during the predetermined time period to provide the spread spectrum reference signal.

摘要翻译： 本发明的示例性实施例提供了一种用于自由运行的参考谐波振荡器的扩频功能的系统，方法和装置。 在示例性实施例中，一种装置包括适于提供具有参考频率的参考信号的参考振荡器; 以及扩展频谱控制器，其适于在预定或选择的时间段期间控制参考振荡器以在多个不同参考频率处产生扩频参考信号。 示例性装置还可以包括适于存储多个系数的系数寄存器和响应于多个系数的对应系数的多个受控电抗模块，以修改有效耦合到基准振荡器的电抗量。 示例性扩频控制器还适于在预定时间段期间顺序修改多个系数以提供扩频参考信号。

公开(公告)号：US20090146752A1

公开(公告)日：2009-06-11

申请号：US12013440

申请日：2008-01-12

申请人： Justin O'Day ,  Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Scott Michael Pernia ,  Nam Duc Nguyen ,  Ralph Beaudouin ,  Sundus Kubba

发明人： Justin O'Day ,  Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Scott Michael Pernia ,  Nam Duc Nguyen ,  Ralph Beaudouin ,  Sundus Kubba

IPC分类号： H03B5/04 ,  H03L1/00

CPC分类号： H03L5/00 ,  H03B5/1215 ,  H03B5/1228 ,  H03B5/1243 ,  H03B5/1253 ,  H03B5/1265 ,  H03B5/1287 ,  H03B5/1293 ,  H03L1/02 ,  H03L7/08

摘要： Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a reference signal generator having a controlled quality (“Q”) factor. An exemplary apparatus to generate a harmonic reference signal includes a reference resonator, such as an LC-tank, which generates a first reference signal having a resonant frequency, and a plurality of reactance modules couplable to the reference resonator. Each reactance module comprises one or more reactance unit cells, and each reactance unit cell comprises a reactance element coupled in series to a switching element. In exemplary embodiments, the reactance element is a capacitor having a predetermined unit of capacitance, and the switching element is a transistor having a predetermined resistance when in an off state. The ratio of capacitance to resistance is substantially constant for all reactance modules of the plurality of reactance modules.

摘要翻译： 本发明的示例性实施例提供具有受控质量（“Q”）因子的参考信号发生器。 产生谐波参考信号的示例性装置包括产生具有共振频率的第一参考信号的参考谐振器，例如LC槽，以及可耦合到参考谐振器的多个电抗模块。 每个电抗模块包括一个或多个电抗单位电池，并且每个电抗单元包括与开关元件串联耦合的电抗元件。 在示例性实施例中，电抗元件是具有预定电容单位的电容器，并且当处于断开状态时，开关元件是具有预定电阻的晶体管。 对于多个电抗模块的所有电抗模块，电容与电阻的比率基本上是恒定的。

公开(公告)号：US20090146748A1

公开(公告)日：2009-06-11

申请号：US12013435

申请日：2008-01-12

申请人： Scott Michael Pernia ,  Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Nam Duc Nguyen ,  Justin O'Day ,  Ralph Beaudouin ,  Sundus Kubba

发明人： Scott Michael Pernia ,  Michael Shannon McCorquodale ,  Nam Duc Nguyen ,  Justin O'Day ,  Ralph Beaudouin ,  Sundus Kubba

IPC分类号： H03L5/00 ,  H03B5/12 ,  H03L1/00 ,  H03B5/30

CPC分类号： H03B5/04 ,  H03J2200/10 ,  H03L1/026 ,  H03L5/00

摘要： Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a reference signal generator, system and method. An exemplary apparatus to generate a harmonic reference signal includes a reference resonator, such as an LC-tank, and an amplitude controller. The reference resonator generates a first reference signal having a resonant frequency, and the amplitude controller maintains substantially constant a magnitude of a peak amplitude of the first reference signal. A common mode controller may also be included to maintain substantially constant a common mode voltage level of the reference resonator. A temperature-dependent control voltage also may be generated and utilized to maintain the resonant frequency substantially constant or within a predetermined variance of a calibrated or selected frequency.

摘要翻译： 本发明的示例性实施例提供了一种参考信号发生器，系统和方法。 用于产生谐波参考信号的示例性装置包括参考谐振器，例如LC槽，以及振幅控制器。 参考谐振器产生具有谐振频率的第一参考信号，并且振幅控制器维持第一参考信号的峰值幅度的幅度基本恒定。 还可以包括共模控制器以保持参考谐振器的共模电压电平基本恒定。 还可以产生温度依赖的控制电压并用于维持谐振频率基本上恒定或在校准或选定频率的预定变化范围内。